DOCSLIB.ORG

Rubella-HIM-Aug-2008.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rubella-HIM-Aug-2008.Pdf J Clin Immunol DOI 10.1007/s10875-008-9219-y Cellular and Molecular Characterisation of the Hyper Immunoglobulin M Syndrome Associated with Congenital Rubella Infection Rohan Ameratunga & See-Tarn Woon & Wikke Koopmans & John French Received: 29 April 2008 /Accepted: 9 June 2008 # The Author(s) 2008 Abstract Introduction Introduction The hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIM) is a rare group of immune deficiency disorders The hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIM) is a group characterised by normal or increased serum IgM with of immune deficiency disorders characterised by normal or normal or reduced IgG, IgA and IgE. elevated serum levels of IgM and normal or reduced IgG, Materials and Methods We have undertaken detailed IgA and IgE [1]. Patients with the X-linked form of the cellular and molecular studies in a 53-year-old man with disorder (XHIM) are susceptible to Pneumocystis jiroveci HIM as a result of congenital rubella. and Cryptosporidium parvum [2]. XHIM occurs when Results No mutations were detected in the CD40 ligand, mutations in the CD40 ligand (CD40L) prevents B cells activation-induced cytidine deaminase and uracil DNA from undergoing immunoglobulin class switching [3]. glycosylase. His T-cell responses to lectins and antigens However, some HIM patients have normal CD40L se- were normal. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of quence and function [4, 5]. Mutations in activation-induced CD40 ligand on activated T cells. Most CD40-dependent cytidine deaminase (AICDA), uracil DNA glycosylase functions that were tested, including B-cell proliferation, (UNG) and CD40 can also lead to HIM as a result of isotype switching and production of memory B cells, were impaired immunoglobulin class switching [6–9]. normal. CD40/IL4 dependent rescue from anti-IgM- A small proportion of patients with congenital rubella induced apoptosis was impaired. develop a syndrome with recurrent infections and an Conclusion The detection of cell-surface IgG but lack of immunoglobulin profile similar to that of XHIM [10–13]. serum IgG indicated that he may have an antibody secretion With the advent of widespread immunisation, congenital defect. rubella has become a rare disorder in developed countries. Most of these patients were described before the wide- Keywords Hyper-IgM . rubella . non X-linked . spread availability of sophisticated molecular diagnostic isotype switching tools. In this report, we describe a patient with congenital rubella who developed HIM. He has normal CD40L sequence and function. No mutations were found in the AICDA and UNG genes. Several CD40 dependent B-cell * : : R. Ameratunga ( ) S.-T. Woon W. Koopmans functions were normal. He can generate switched memory Department of Virology & Immunology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand B cells. Immunoglobulin isotype switching was observed e-mail: [email protected] both in vivo and in vitro. CD40/IL4 dependent rescue from anti-IgM-induced apoptosis was impaired. We postulate J. French that the patient may have a defect in immunoglobulin Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital and University of New South Wales, secretion since cell surface IgG was detected despite low Sydney, Australia serum IgG. J Clin Immunol Materials and Methods number of infections. Family history revealed no relatives with recurrent infections or unexplained deaths in early Patient This study was approved by the University of childhood. The patient’s sister and her son and daughter are Auckland ethics committee. Patient M1 is a 53-year-old in good health. man born at term to non-consanguineous parents. His Apart from chronic tiredness and chronic sinusitis, he mother suffered a rash during pregnancy and was diagnosed currently maintains reasonable health. Although he has a as having rubella. The patient was born with impaired chronic cough, CT scans of the thorax failed to show any vision and sensorineural hearing loss. He requires a hearing evidence of bronchiectasis. Referral to the immunology aid. At the age of 3 years, he presented with recurrent upper clinic at the Auckland Starship Hospital in 1992 established and lower respiratory tract infections and was found to be the presence of grossly elevated polyclonal IgM consistent severely hypogammaglobulinemic. In 1961, the serum with HIM. IgM levels of up to 15 g/L (normal range 0.4– gamma globulin fraction was absent. In 1984, the IgG 2.5 g/L) were noted on several occasions. A graphical was below 2.5 g/L (normal range 8–16 g/L). He was depiction of his immunoglobulin levels are shown in Fig. 1. commenced on intramuscular and subsequently intravenous High doses of IVIG (1 g/kg per month) were given to the immunoglobulin (IVIG), which led to a decrease in the patient and another patient with XHIM, in order to reduce Fig. 1 Immunoglobulin levels XHIM for patients XHIM and M1 from 1987 to 1993. The increasing IgG levels reflect 20 increased monthly IVIG doses. The top panel shows the immu- 18 noglobulin profile for the patient 16 with XHIM. The bottom panel shows the immunoglobulin pro- 14 file for patient M1. Note that the data from infusion 21 may have 12 IgM been a laboratory error. The gap 10 IgA at infusion 37 represents a g/L period where data was not 8 IgG available. High-dose IVIG was 6 commenced at this time. Normal ranges IgG (8–16 g/L), IgM 4 (04–2.5 g/L), IgA (0.8–4.0 g/L) 2 0 1 4 7 1013161922252831343740434649525558 infusion Patient M1 16 14 12 10 IgM 8 IgA g/L IgG 6 4 2 0 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 infusion J Clin Immunol B-cell proliferation and thus minimise the risk of B-cell pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), malignancy. A progressive reduction in IgM was noted in concanavalin A (ConA) and calcium ionophore A23187 the patient with XHIM. In contrast, patient M1 had further (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), anti-IgG4 (Unipath, Birmingham, increases in his IgM level. Serum and salivary IgA and UK), anti-IgM, IgG4 and biotin-conjugated anti-IgG4 anti- serum IgE were undetectable. Serum and urine electropho- body (Sigma Immunochemicals). Anti-CD3 monoclonal resis on multiple occasions excluded a monoclonal gamm- antibody (OKT3) was purchased from the Auckland Hospital opathy. His absolute and percentage CD4 and CD8 T-cell Pharmacy. CD40L trimer and cytokines were gifts from numbers were within normal range. Immunex Research and Development Corporation. All other antibodies were from Beckman Coulter (Fullerton, CA). Reagents Reagents were purchased from the following sources: tetanus toxoid (Lederle-Praxis Biologicals Inc, Pearl Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells Peripheral River, NY), diphtheria toxoid (Statens Seruminstitut, blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from a Denmark), Candida antigen (Greer Labs, Lenoire, NC), Ficoll–Hypaque gradient as previously described [14]. Fig. 2 Untreated (panel I) and IIl PMA/calcium ionophore a 4 A23187 treated (panel II) T cells 4 10 from patient M1 (a), patient 10 with XHIM (b) and healthy 3 3 10 control (c) were stained for cell 10 surface CD40L expression 2 2 10 10 1 1 10 10 CD40L PE unstimulated 0 0 10 10 100 101 102 103 104 100 101 102 103 104 CD3 FITC unstimulated CD3 FITC stimulated b 4 4 10 10 3 3 10 10 2 2 10 10 1 1 10 10 0 CD40L PE unstimulated 0 10 10 0 1 2 3 4 10 10 10 10 10 100 101 102 103 104 CD3 FITC unstimulated CD3 FITC stimulated c 4 4 10 10 3 3 10 10 2 2 10 10 1 1 10 10 CD40L PE unstimulated CD40L PE stimulated CD40L PE stimulated CD40L PE stimulated 0 10 0 10 100 101 102 103 104 100 101 102 103 104 CD3 FITC unstimulated CD3 FITC stimulated J Clin Immunol Genetic Studies Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated for 1 h at 37°C prior to the addition of 1:1,000 stimulated for 16 h with phorbol ester (PMA) (500 ng/ml) biotin-conjugated anti-IgG4 antibody. Following a 1-h and PWM (10 μg/ml) prior to extraction of RNA. Comple- incubation at 37°C, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated strep- mentary DNA was synthesised following RNA extraction. tavidin was added before development with o-phenylene The CD40L gene was amplified in two overlapping frag- diamine. Serum and salivary immunoglobulin levels were ments. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were detected by nephelometry. then ligated into the TA vector system (Promega, Madison, WI) and competent Escherichia coli cells were transformed. Flow Cytometry Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were Colonies containing inserts were selected and subjected to stimulated for 16 h with PMA (500 ng/ml) and calcium bidirectional sequencing of M13 cloned products. UNG and ionophore A23187 (50 ng/ml) prior to assessing CD40L AICDA were amplified as follows: 3 min at 95°C; 40 cycles expression on a Becton-Dickinson FACSCAN flow of 30 s at 95°C, 30 s at 57°C, 50 s at 68°C; 72°C, 5 min. We cytometer. Naïve, memory and switched memory B aligned the three gene sequences with published wild-type cells were phenotyped with anti-CD19-APC, anti- sequences [8, 9, 14] using SeqManII 5.01 (DNASTAR, CD27-FITC and anti-IgD-PE. Naïve and memory CD4 Madison, WI). and CD8 T cells were quantified with CD45RA-FITC, CD45RO-APC and CD62L-PE antibodies. A healthy T-cell Proliferation Assays T-cell proliferation was deter- control and a patient with well-characterised XHIM [14] mined by responses to T-cell-dependent lectins (PHA, were used for comparison. This patient was previously ConA, PWM) and OKT3 as well as a panel of soluble shown to have a complex splicing defect of the CD40 antigens (Candida, tetanus and diphtheria) as previously ligand. described [15].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Retrospective Diagnosis of X-Linked Hyper-Igm Syndrome in a Family With
    Letters to the Editor ical malignancies. One of the proband’s brothers (Patient Retrospective diagnosis of X-linked hyper-IgM III.4) was hospitalized 6-7 times a year with recurrent, syndrome in a family with multiple deaths of affected males severe bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and res - piratory tracts until his death at age 10. Laboratory eval - uations between 1971 and 1977 demonstrated severe hypo-gammaglobulinemia with normal or elevated IgM All males in two generations of a Hungarian fam - levels (IgG, 0.85-2.95 g/L; IgA, 0.10-0.87 g/L; IgM, 1.37- ily died of interstitial pneumonia. History and 3.72 g/L). These data together with the family history records suggested X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome suggested X-HIG. 1-2 (X-HIGM). DNA sequencing of a female carrier We performed mutational analysis of the CD40L of the revealed a c. 654C →A transversion of the CD40L proband and her mother. The proband’s aunt (II.4) who gene that predicts premature termination of CD40L died at 70 years of age, and had no children, was not synthesis. This report points to the importance of available for genetic testing. Genomic DNA was isolated early carrier detection and genetic counseling in from whole blood samples. Exons 1 to 5 of the CD40L, families with X-linked primary immunodeficiency and the flanking intron regions were amplified by PCR. 3 diseases. We propose that the c.654C →A sequence The PCR products were sequenced with the BigDye variant may associate with severe X-HIGM pheno - Terminator Cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems).
    [Show full text]
  • X Inactivation and Immunocompetence in Female Carriers of the X-Linked Hyper-Igm Syndrome
    X inactivation and immunocompetence in female carriers of the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. T J Kipps J Clin Invest. 1994;94(2):469-469. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117355. Editorial Find the latest version: https://jci.me/117355/pdf X Inactivation and Immunocompetence in Female Carriers of the X-linked Hyper-lgM Syndrome Editorial Immunocompetence requires cognate cell-cell communication severe combined immune deficiency, in which carriers predomi- that is mediated through cell surface ligand-receptor interac- nately generate mature lymphocytes that express the normal tions (1). An important player in such interactions is CD40, a allele. type I membrane glycoprotein that is expressed by a variety of Cases of extreme Lyonization can result in phenotype ex- cells, including B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and thymic pression of an X-linked disease in the female carrier, as has epithelial cells. Crosslinking this surface molecule can induce been noted in cases of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, hemophilia maturation, activation, and/or proliferation of CD40-bearing A, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, with regard to cells. This is mediated by the CD40-ligand (otherwise called the relative number of T cells that can express a functional gp39 or TRAP), a type II membrane glycoprotein that is ex- CD40-ligand, it seems that a little can go a long way. This may pressed on the surface of T cells 6-8 h after their immune reflect the presence of signaling pathways other than that of the activation (2). CD40-CD40-ligand, that, once primed by a relatively small The importance of the CD40-CD40-ligand interaction is number of CD40-ligand-expressing T cells, can perpetuate the underscored by the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • Blueprint Genetics Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Panel
    Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Panel Test code: IM0101 Is a 80 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants. Is ideal for patients with a clinical suspicion of combined immunodeficiencies. The genes on this panel are included in the Primary Immunodeficiency Panel. About Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Severe combined immunedeficiencies (SCIDs) are a group of primary immunodeficiencies characterized by specific mutations in genes of T and B-lymphocyte systems and leading to little or no immune response. Different subtypes of SCIDs are characterized and subdivided by the presence of circulating T and B cells. T cells are absent or markedly decreased in the most types, but levels of B cells vary. In addition, both of these disease subgroups (T-B+ and T-B-) can occur with or without NK cells. Patients with SCID are susceptible to recurrent infections that can be fatal. The worldwide prevalence of SCID is estimated to be at least 1:100,000 births, while some genetically more homogenous populations may show markedly increased numbers. Mutations in IL2RG are the most common reason for SCIDs, explaining approximately 50% of all cases and close to 100% of X-linked cases. Availability 4 weeks Gene Set Description Genes in the Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Panel and their clinical significance Gene Associated phenotypes Inheritance ClinVar HGMD ADA Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase AR 49 93 deficiency AK2 Reticular dysgenesis AR 14 17 ATM Breast cancer, Ataxia-Telangiectasia AD/AR 1047 1109 BCL11B Immunodeficiency
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Infections During Primary Immunodeficiency
    Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access published September 28, 2014 INVITED ARTICLE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS David R. Snydman, Section Editor Prevention of Infections During Primary Immunodeficiency Claire Aguilar,1,2,3 Marion Malphettes,1,4 Jean Donadieu,1,5 Olivia Chandesris,1,3,6 Hélène Coignard-Biehler,1,2,3 Emilie Catherinot,1,7 Isabelle Pellier,1,8 Jean-Louis Stephan,1,9 Vincent Le Moing,1,10 Vincent Barlogis,1,11 Felipe Suarez,1,3,6 Stéphane Gérart,3 Fanny Lanternier,1,2,3 Arnaud Jaccard,1,12 Paul-Henri Consigny,2 Florence Moulin,13 Odile Launay,14 Marc Lecuit,1,2,3 Olivier Hermine,1,3,6 Eric Oksenhendler,1,4 Capucine Picard,1,3,15,16,a Stéphane Blanche,1,3,16,a Alain Fischer,1,3,16,17,a Nizar Mahlaoui,1,3,16 and Olivier Lortholary1,2,3 1Centre de Référence des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, and 2Centre d’Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 3Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, 4Département ’ 5 ’ 6 d Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Registre des Neutropénies Congénitales, Hôpital Trousseau, Service Downloaded from d’Hématologie Adulte, IHU Imagine, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, 7Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, 8Unité d’Immuno- Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, 9Unité d’Immuno-Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Saint- Etienne, 10Service des Maladies Infectieuses et
    [Show full text]
  • X-Linked Hyper-Igm Syndrome with Bronchiectasis
    Published online: 2020-04-19 X‑linked Hyper‑IgM Syndrome with Bronchiectasis Devki Nandan, Vimal Kumar Nag, Nitin Trivedi, Sarman Singh1 Report Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Devki Nandan, E-mail: [email protected] Case ABSTRACT The X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM-1) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by elevated serum IgM levels and low to undetectable levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgE. These patients characteristically present with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and recurrent diarrhea. They also have high susceptibility for Pneumocystis jiroveci (PJ) pneumonia. Herein, we report a case of HGM-1 in a 5-year-old boy who presented with bronchiectasis and, possibly, PJ pneumonia. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical features, immune profile, whole blood flow cytometry and history of two male sibling’s death due to recurrent pneumonia and diarrhea. Key words: Bronchiectasis, children, Pneumocystis jiroveci, X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT yper‑immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM) A 5‑year‑old boy, born of consanguineous (4th degree) H is a rare heterogeneous group of marriage, presented with complaints of productive disorders, 70% of which are due to CD40‑ligand cough and right ear discharge since 1 year, fever and deficiency.[1] These patients are susceptible to respiratory distress for 25 days and oral thrush since recurrent sinopulmonary infections and opportunistic 20 days. infections, especially Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Bronchiectasis is characterized by abnormal He had a history of five admissions in various hospitals dilated thick‑walled bronchi that are inflamed and for pneumonia since the age of 1 year.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Review of Autoantibodies in Patients with Hyper-Igm Syndrome
    Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018) 15, 610–617 & 2018 CSI and USTC All rights reserved 2042-0226/18 $32.00 www.nature.com/cmi RESEARCH ARTICLE Comprehensive review of autoantibodies in patients with hyper-IgM syndrome Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche1, Qubo Chen2,3, Marco Carbone4, Imen Ben-Mustapha1, Zakera Shums5, Mehdi Trifa6, Federica Malinverno4, Francesca Bernuzzi4, Haiyan Zhang2,4,7, Nourhen Agrebi1, Gary L Norman5, Christopher Chang8, M Eric Gershwin8 and Pietro Invernizzi2,4 Hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene. The CD40 ligand has been recently highlighted as playing a key role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis. In the present study, we assessed an extensive set of serum autoantibodies in a series of well-defined patients with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome. Serum, liver-related and liver-not-related autoantibodies IgG, IgM and IgA were tested by ELISA and standard indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 cells in 13 Tunisian patients (8 males and 5 females, aged 1–12 years) with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome during 1995–2012 and, as controls, 21 age- and gender-matched blood donors. The level of IgM antibody against MIT3 was significantly higher in patients than in controls (35.8 vs 10.7, P = 0.002). Half of the hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome patients were found to be anti-MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls (Po0.0001). Twenty-three percent of patients were found to be anti-sp100 antibody positive vs only 0.05% of controls. By immunofluorescence, 92.3% of patients were MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Neutropenia in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency Disorders
    Neutropenia in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency Disorders Nima Rezaei, Abolhassan Farhoudi, Zahra Pourpak, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Mostafa Moin, Mohammad Gharagozlou, Masoud Movahedi, Bahram MirSaeid Ghazi, Lida Atarod, Maryam Mahmoudi, Akefeh Ahmadi Afshar, Nasrin Bazargan, Anna Isaeian, Mohammad Nabavi, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Marzieh Heydarzadeh, Mohammad Hassan Bemanian, and Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Children's Medical Center, Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Neutropenia is characterized by decrease in the absolute number of circulating neutrophils and an increase susceptibility to infections. The current study was performed in order to explain the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with antibody deficiency disorders associated neutropenia. The patients' records of 19 neutropenic cases out of 207 patients with antibody deficiencies, who had been referred to Children's Medical Center and enrolled in Iranian primary immunodeficiency registry, were reviewed. Nineteen cases (14 male and 5 female), with a mean age of 10.7±5.7 years, were associated with neutropenia (9.2%). The disorders with associated neutropenia were Hyper IgM syndromes (3 of 8), Common variable immunodeficiency (13 of 109), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (3 of 45). The median age for the onset of disease and diagnosis age were 15 months (1-134) and 3.8 years (6 months-13 years), respectively. The most common infections during the course of illness were pneumonia (13 cases), diarrhea (12 cases), oral candidiasis (9 cases), otitis media (6 cases), sinusitis (6 cases), cutaneous infections (5 cases), and abscess (5 cases). Other less frequent infections were: conjunctivitis, oral ulcers, meningitis, and osteomyelitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyper-Igm Syndrome Complicated with Interstitial Pneumonia and Peritonitis
    Case Report 53 Hyper-IgM Syndrome Complicated with Interstitial Pneumonia and Peritonitis Chun-Fong Huang, MD; Chih-Lu Wang, MD; Yung-Feng Huang, MD; Kai-Sheng Hsieh, MD; Kuender D Yang1, MD, PhD Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIM) is a rare disorder resulting from mutation in the CD40 lig- and (CD40L) gene. This defect is associated with normal or elevated serum level of IgM and with low to undetectable levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgE. This case of HIM with CD40L defi- ciency was proven by flow cytometry but initially presented as interstitial pneumonia. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was highly suggested. After intravenous immunoglobulin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment, his lung condition improved. However, peri- tonitis developed and surgical intervention was performed. Ileum perforation and intestinal lymphoproliferation from a pathologic specimen were noted. Although peritonitis is extremely rare in patients with HIM, this report indicates that peritonitis which results from intestinal lymphoproliferation may be a manifestation of HIM. (Chang Gung Med J 2003;26:53-9) Key words: hypogammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM syndrome, CD40 ligand, interstitial pneumonia, peritonitis. he syndrome of hypogammaglobulinemia with CASE REPORT Tnormal or increased IgM (HIM) is a rare disor- der. It is illustrated by the failure of isotype switch- A previously healthy 2-year-old boy was admit- ing in whom the CD 40 ligand (CD40L) gene is ted to our hospital because of a 10-day history of mutated. The CD40 is a surface antigen expressed cough, rhinorrhea, and fever and a 2-day history of on B cells. The CD40L is expressed on activated T tachypnea. He had been taken to a local medical cells.(1) These patients often develop opportunistic department for treatment but the symptoms persisted.
    [Show full text]
  • HYPER Igm SYNDROME
    HYPER IgM SYNDROME This booklet is intended for use by patients and their families and should not replace advice from a clinical immunologist. 1 Hyper IgM Syndrome Also available : COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME Graphic Project & Printing: TIP. ALA snc (ITALY) www.tipolito-ala.it 2 HYPER IgM SYNDROME Patients with the Hyper IgM Syndrome have an inability to switch their antibody (immunoglobulin) production from IgM to IgG, IgA, and IgE. As a result, patients have decreased levels of IgG and IgA and normal or elevated levels of IgM. A number of different genetic defects can cause the Hyper IgM Syndrome. The most common form is inherited as an X-chromosome linked trait and affects only boys. Most of the other forms are inherited as autosomal recessive traits and affect both girls and boys. DEFINITION Patients with Hyper IgM (HIM) syndrome have an inability to switch production of antibodies of the IgM type to antibodies of the IgG, IgA, or IgE type. As a result, patients with this primary immunodefi ciency disease have decreased levels of serum IgG and IgA and normal or elevated levels of IgM. B-lymphocytes can produce IgM antibodies on their own, but they require interactive help from T-lymphocytes in order to switch antibody production from IgM to IgG, IgA and IgE. The hyper IgM syndrome results from a variety of genetic defects that affect this interaction between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. The most common form of Hyper IgM syndrome results from a defect or defi ciency of a protein that is found on the surface of activated T-lymphocytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyper Igm Syndrome: Two Mutations Distinguish HIM
    Hyper IgM syndrome: two mutations distinguish HIM. T M Foy, … , S R Masters, R J Noelle J Clin Invest. 1994;94(4):1349-1350. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117467. Research Article Find the latest version: https://jci.me/117467/pdf Hyper IgM Syndrome: Two Mutations Distinguish HIM Editorial In 1993, the published reports of four different laboratories (for that T-dependent responses require CD40 interactions while T- review see reference 1) characterized one form of hyper IgM independent responses do not. (HIM) syndrome as resulting from a defect in the ligand for The interesting feature of the CD40L+ HIM syndrome is CD40 ligand (CD40L) on T cells. In this issue of The Journal, that the B cells from these patients are unable to upregulate Conley et al. (2) describe an additional cellular deficiency CD23 and CD25 in response to CD40 signalling, yet do respond which results in HIM, caused by a defect in the B cell which to other forms of stimulation (IL-4) (2). The data suggest that does not allow normal signal transduction via CD40 despite the these patients have a selective defect in the CD40 signalling fact that CD40 is expressed on the patient B cells. Unlike the pathway. Further support for this hypothesis was provided by prominent form of HIM, the T cells from those patients de- the observation that B cells from CD40L+ HIM patients acti- scribed by Conley et al. (2) express normal levels of CD40L vated in vitro with anti-CD40 and IL-4 produce 5% of the upon activation. Based on these distinctions, individuals with IgE observed from CD40L- HIM-derived B cells or normal HIM can be classified into those that are CD40L+ and controls.
    [Show full text]
  • An 8 Year Old Boy with Recurrent Respiratory Infections
    An 8 year old boy with recurrent respiratory infections Patient presentation History Differential Diagnosis Examination Investigations Discussion Treatment Final outcome Evaluation - Questions & answers Patient presentation An 8 year old boy is referred to a regional hospital for a surgical consultation for a lobectomy following a diagnosis of bronchiectasis due to a chronic history of recurrent respiratory infections. Acknowledgement This case study was kindly provided by Dr Monika Esser MMed Paed, Head of Division of Immunology, N.H.L.S Coastal Branch, Tygerberg Hospital. History Bacterial meningitis at age 2 years complicated by deafness – for which he currently attends a school for hearing impaired children. Pulmonary TB fully treated, exact age at time of treatment unknown. Currently presents with bronchiectasis due to recurrent respiratory infections. No significant family history. Immunopaedia.org.za Differential Diagnosis HIV X- linked Agammaglobulinaemia (Bruton’s Disease) Agammaglobulinaemia Hyper IgM Syndrome Common variable immunodeficiency Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Examination On general examination: Does not appear acutely ill Apyrexial Weight on 75th centile, height 90th centile Clubbing of fingernails Respiratory System: Persistent productive cough Harrison’s sulcus Bilateral lower lobe crepitations Other systems: Nil of note Investigations FBC: WBC 11.11 x 10’9/L – 81.3% Lymphocytes Hb 12.5 g/L Platelets 397 x 10’9/L (no other counts available) Immunopaedia.org.za Sputum: H. Influenza and Isolated on culture S. Pneumoniae TB Smear Negative TB Culture Negative CXR Suggestive of bronchiectasis with superimposed infection Serum Immunoglobulins: Se IgG 0.393 g/L (6-20) IgA <0.0563 g/L (0.8-3) IgM 1.09 g/L (0.4-1.8) IgE 4.3 IU/ml (>60 IU/ml) Lymphocyte Subset Analysis: Percentage Absolute CD19 1% (L) 90 (L) CD3 97% (H) 8759 (H) CD4 22% (L) 1987 (H) CD8 68% (H) 6140 (H) NK 8% (L) 722 (H) Ratio 0.32:1 Lymphocyte subsets showed low but not entirely absent CD19 (B cells) and elevated C3 and NK cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Syndrome of Serum Igm in Patients with Hyper-Igm Defective Self
    Defective Self-Reactive Antibody Repertoire of Serum IgM in Patients with Hyper-IgM Syndrome This information is current as Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes, Igor Resnick, Dorothea Stahl, of September 25, 2021. Luc Mouthon, Teresa Espanol, Jacov Levy, Srini V. Kaveri, Luigi Notarangelo, Martha Eibl, Alain Fischer, Hans Ochs and Michel D. Kazatchkine J Immunol 1999; 162:5601-5608; ; http://www.jimmunol.org/content/162/9/5601 Downloaded from References This article cites 46 articles, 14 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/162/9/5601.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 25, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 1999 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Defective Self-Reactive Antibody Repertoire of Serum IgM in Patients with Hyper-IgM Syndrome1 Se´bastien Lacroix-Desmazes,* Igor Resnick,† Dorothea Stahl,* Luc Mouthon,* Teresa Espanol,‡ Jacov Levy,§ Srini V. Kaveri,* Luigi Notarangelo,¶ Martha Eibl,i Alain Fischer,** Hans Ochs,†† and Michel D.
    [Show full text]