France Country Health Profile 2017

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

France Country Health Profile 2017 State of Health in the EU France Country Health Profile 2017 European on Health Systems and Policies a partnership hosted by WHO The Country Health Profile series Contents The State of Health in the EU profiles provide a concise and 1 • HIGHLIGHTS 1 policy-relevant overview of health and health systems in the EU 2 • HEALTH IN FRANCE 2 Member States, emphasising the particular characteristics and 3 • RISK FACTORS 4 challenges in each country. They are designed to support the efforts of Member States in their evidence-based policy making. 4 • THE HEALTH SYSTEM 6 5 • PERFORMANCE OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM 8 The Country Health Profiles are the joint work of the OECD and 5.1 Effectiveness 8 the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in 5.2 Accessibility 11 cooperation with the European Commission. The team is grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions provided by Member 5.3 Resilience 13 States and the Health Systems and Policy Monitor network. 6 • KEY FINDINGS 16 Data and information sources The data and information in these Country Health Profiles are The calculated EU averages are weighted averages of the based mainly on national official statistics provided to Eurostat 28 Member States unless otherwise noted. and the OECD, which were validated in June 2017 to ensure the highest standards of data comparability. The sources and To download the Excel spreadsheet matching all the methods underlying these data are available in the Eurostat tables and graphs in this profile, just type the following Database and the OECD health database. Some additional data StatLinks into your Internet browser: also come from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933593532 (IHME), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) surveys and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other national sources. Demographic and socioeconomic context in France, 2015 France EU Demographic factors Population size (thousands) 66 624 509 394 Share of population over age 65 (%) 18.4 18.9 Fertility rate¹ 2.0 1.6 Socioeconomic factors GDP per capita (EUR PPP2) 30 800 28 900 Relative poverty rate3 (%) 6.5 10.8 Unemployment rate (%) 10.4 9.4 1. Number of children born per woman aged 15–49. 2. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is defined as the rate of currency conversion that equalises the purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries. 3. Percentage of persons living with less than 50 % of median equivalised disposable income. Source: Eurostat Database. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are solely those of the authors any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of its member countries, or of the territory, city or area. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its Partners. The views expressed Additional disclaimers for WHO are visible at http://www.who.int/bulletin/disclaimer/en/ herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over © OECD and World Health Organization (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) Highlights . 1 1 Highlights France The health status of the population in France is good and life expectancy continues to increase, but there are substantial disparities by gender and socioeconomic status. The French health system generally provides good access to high-quality care, but further improvements require greater emphasis on prevention and continuing the transformation of the system to better serve growing numbers of people living with chronic conditions. Health status Life expectancy at birth, years FR EU Life expectancy at birth in France reached 82.4 years in 2015, up from 79.2 years in 82 82.4 2000, and is one of the highest among EU countries. These gains have been driven mainly 81 by reductions in mortality rates after the age of 65. At age 65, women on average live 80 80.6 79.2 an additional 23.5 years, including 10.7 years disability free, for men 19.4 years and 9.8 79 78 years respectively. 77.3 77 82.4 76 YEARS 2000 2015 Risk factors % of adults in 2014 FR EU In 2014, 22% of French adults smoked tobacco every day, down from 27% in 2000, but still above the EU average. Overall alcohol consumption per adult has also decreased, but remains Smoking 22% higher than the EU average. About 15% of adults in France were obese in 2014, up from 9% in 2000. Overweight and obesity among 15-year-old adolescents has also increased to Alcohol 12 litres 14% in 2013-14, up from 11% in 2001-02. Regular physical activity among adolescents is lower than in most other EU countries, notably among girls. Obesity 15% Health system Per capita spending (EUR PPP) FR EU Health spending in France is higher than in most other EU countries, with health €4 000 expenditure reaching EUR 3 382 per capita in 2015, compared to the EU average of €3 000 EUR 2 797. This is equivalent to 11.1% of GDP, also well above the EU average of 9.9%. €2 000 Because over three-quarters of health expenditure is publicly funded and complementary €1 000 health insurance plays an important role, the share of out-of-pocket spending is the lowest among EU countries. €0 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Health system performance Effectiveness Access Resilience Amenable mortality in France is among Access to health care is generally good, The modernisation and the lowest in EU countries. More people and unmet care needs remain low in streamlining of the hospital survive life-threatening conditions such as comparison with EU average, even if sector are under way, heart attack, stroke and different cancers. disparities across income groups exist. One but the challenges are persisting challenge is to address regional to strengthen prevention, disparities in access to care. primary care and care coordination. Another Amenable mortality per 100 000 population FR EU challenge is to promote a more appropriate % reporting unmet medical needs, 2015 250 High income All Low income use of pharmaceuticals and balance access 200 and affordability considerations in the 175 150 FR coverage of innovative medicines. 126 100 103 78 50 EU 0 2005 2014 0% 3% 6% STATE OF HEALTH IN THE EU: COUNTRY HEALTH PROFILE 2017 – FRANCE 2 . Health in France France 2 Health in France Life expectancy in France is among the There are also large disparities in mortality and life expectancy highest in the EU attributable to preventable causes across socioeconomic groups, particularly among men. Life expectancy at age 35 for men in France has the third highest life expectancy among all EU lower occupational categories is more than 6 years shorter than countries (after Spain and Italy), with life expectancy at birth for men in higher occupational groups (Blanpain, 2016). reaching 82.4 years in 2015, nearly two years above the EU average (80.6 years) (Figure 1). The life expectancy in France Cancer is the main cause of death in France, 1 increased by more than three years between 2000 and 2015. followed by deaths from cardiovascular There is a strong gender and socioeconomic diseases gap in life expectancy Cancer is the leading cause of death in France, accounting for 28.5% of all deaths in 2014, followed by cardiovascular The gender gap in life expectancy in France is higher than in most diseases, which accounted for 25%. However, there are gender other EU countries, and women lived more than six years longer differences (Figure 2): 33% of all deaths among men were related than men in 2015. However, the gender gap in healthy life years is to cancer, while this proportion was lower among women (24%). much smaller as women live a greater proportion of their lives with Cardiovascular diseases accounted for the greatest share of some disabilities.2 At age 65, only 45% of the remaining years female deaths (27%). of life for French women on average are lived without disabilities (10.7 years out of 23.5 years in remaining life expectancy), while Looking at trends in more specific causes of death, heart diseases this proportion is about half among men (9.8 years out of 19.4 (ischaemic and other) are the main causes of death, but the years of life expectancy). Figure 1. The French population enjoys the third highest life expectancy at birth in the EU France Years 2015 2000 90 82.4years of age 85 EU Average 80.6 years of age 83.0 82.7 82.4 82.4 82.2 81.9 81.8 81.6 81.6 81.5 81.3 81.3 81.1 81.1 81.0 80.9 80.8 80.7 80.6 80 78.7 78.0 77.5 77.5 76.7 75.7 75.0 74.8 74.7 75 74.6 70 65 60 EU Italy Spain Malta Latvia Cyprus Poland Ireland Greece Austria Croatia Finland France Estonia Sweden Belgium Bulgaria Portugal Hungary Slovenia Romania Denmark Germany Lithuania Netherlands Luxembourg Czech Republic Slovak Republic United Kingdom Source: Eurostat Database. 1. For the first time in many years, life expectancy came down in 2015 compared to 2014 (by 0.5 year). This reduction was driven mainly by an increase in mortality among elderly people due to an exceptionally long epidemic of flu and some exceptional weather fluctuations (Bellamy and Beaumel, 2016).
Recommended publications
  • Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact um.library.technical.services@maine.edu. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Profile Resource: France
    Cultural Profile Resource: France A resource for aged care professionals Birgit Heaney Dip. 19/06/2014 A resource for aged care professionals Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Location and Demographic ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Everyday Life ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Family ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Personal Hygiene .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Leisure and Recreation ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Religion ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Food and Diet ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Charlemagne Returns
    Monarch Prophecies: Charlemagne Returns 1beSecret Societyof Jacohites CHARLEMAGNE RETURNS ! ! ! ! ! "#$%&#$'! ! ! ! '! CHARLEMAGNE RETURNS Why should I care about Charlemagne? Unlike many countries, France generally agrees that one person founded its nation. That person was Charlemagne. Why do we need a King? Most French people today do not think that a king is needed. Much of this negative way of thinking about the Founding fathers of many European countries stems from the American way of thinking. The Americans revolted against British royalty and helped to influence the ideology that resulted in the French acts of patricide that capitulated power in the French Revolution. Why did the French Revolution happen? Most people believe it was a class war between the proletariats, bourgeoisie, and aristocracy. However, it may have been something altogether different from the story that most historians pieced together and accepted as truth. In fact, there may be certain key events that happened in secret on the world stage that most historians either do not know about or felt uncomfortable revealing to the world. The secret society of Jacobites asserts that a descendant of Charlemagne returned to France around 9 SECRET SOCIETY OF JACOBITES 1747, and claimed his rightful Throne as the Heir of the Founding Father of France. A blood feud for the divine right of Kings ensued and a Capetian and Carolingian blow for blow, life for a life exchange took place leaving France headless. In other words, the French Revolution that ensued not only insulted the Patriarch of France, Charlemagne, it rendered the French less powerful in the World Theatre.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution
    Coastal Carolina University CCU Digital Commons Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Honors Theses Studies Spring 5-7-2020 Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution Christy Leigh Salinari Coastal Carolina University, clsalinar@coastal.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses Part of the Other Political Science Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Salinari, Christy Leigh, "Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution" (2020). Honors Theses. 369. https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses/369 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact commons@coastal.edu. Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution By Christy Leigh Salinari Political Science Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the HTC Honors College at Coastal Carolina University Spring 2020 Louis E. Keiner Kimberly Hurd Hale Director of Honors Assistant Professor HTC Honors College Political Science Edwards College of Humanities and Fine Arts ABSTRACT Liberty, equality, and fraternity were the three original pillars of the French Revolution at the start in 1789. The slogan became the rallying cry for the embittered French people in their initial pursuit for political and social transformation. The French Revolution is perhaps the most prominent contemporary illustration of a violent revolution which ultimately was successful, resulting in a model of democratic government. The French Revolution reached a decade in length wherein there were countless demonstrations, massacres, wars, civil unrest, and political enlightenment.
    [Show full text]
  • France-Report-World
    CultureGramsTM World Edition 2015 France (French Republic) customs, language, and laws. Clovis I, king of the Franks, BACKGROUND defeated the last Roman governor in AD 486. The French consider his conversion to Catholicism in 496 the founding Land and Climate act of the nation; the move won him the support of the France is half the size of Bolivia, or slightly smaller than the Catholic Church and Gallo-Roman people, who helped him U.S. state of Texas. French sovereignty extends to the island defeat surrounding Arian kingdoms. of Corsica (Corse) as well as several overseas territories, In the late eighth century, France was part of collectivities, and départements (overseas divisions of France Charlemagne's vast empire. After the empire's disintegration, that have representatives in the French government as well as France emerged as one of the successor kingdoms in 987. The some local autonomy), including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, following centuries brought intermittent conflict, particularly French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Réunion, and Martinique. with the English, including the Hundred Years' War, from Because France is hexagonal in shape, it is sometimes 1337 to 1453. In 1429, after 80 years of war, Joan of Arc led referred to as l'hexagone. The terrain is varied, including the French in victory over the English. Later burned to death plains, mountains, and forests. Mountains stretch along the by the English (1431), she remains a French heroine. borders with Spain, Italy, and Switzerland. France boasts one The French Revolution and Napoleon of Europe's highest peaks, Mont Blanc, at 15,771 feet (4,807 By the late 1600s, France dominated Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • From Model to Menace: French Intellectuals and American Civilization
    Matsumoto Reiji(p163)6/2 04.9.6 3:17 PM ページ 163 The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 15 (2004) From Model to Menace: French Intellectuals and American Civilization Reiji MATSUMOTO* I The international debate about the Iraqi War once again brought to light a difference between Europe and America. Particularly striking was the French initiative to criticize American unilateralism, which aroused the resentment of the American people and provoked the Secretary of Defense to speak of “punishing” France. Jacques Chirac’s determined resistance to the Bush Administration’s war policy was countered with Donald Rumsfeld’s angry complaint against “old Europe.” Not only did the diplomats and politicians of the two countries reproach each other, but also in public opinion and popular sentiments, mutual antipathy has been growing on both sides of the Atlantic. The French government questioned the legitimacy of the Iraqi War and criticized American occupational policies. As far as these current issues are concerned, a diplomatic compromise will be possible and is to be reached in the process of international negotiation. The French gov- ernment’s bitter criticism of U.S. diplomacy, however, raised a more general question about the American approach to foreign affairs. In spite of the unanimous sympathy of the international community with American people after the disaster of September 11th, the Bush Administration’s Copyright © 2004 Reiji Matsumoto. All rights reserved. This work may be used, with this notice included, for noncommercial purposes. No copies of this work may be distributed, electronically or otherwise, in whole or in part, without permission from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Germans in France During World War II: Defeat, Occupation, Liberation, and Memory UCB-OLLI Bert Gordon Bmgordon@Mills.Edu Winter 2020
    The Germans in France During World War II: Defeat, Occupation, Liberation, and Memory UCB-OLLI Bert Gordon bmgordon@mills.edu Winter 2020 Introduction Collaboration, Resistance, Survival: The Germans in France During World War II - Defeat, Occupation, Liberation, and Memory Shortly before being executed for having collaborated with Nazi Germany during the German occupation of France in the Second World War, the French writer Robert Brasillach wrote that “Frenchmen given to reflection, during these years, will have more or less slept with Germany—not without quarrels—and the memory of it will remain sweet for them.” Brasillach’s statement shines a light on a highly charged and complex period: the four-year occupation of France by Nazi Germany from 1940 through 1944. In the years since the war, the French have continued to discuss and debate the experiences of those who lived through the war and their meanings for identity and memory in France. On 25 August 2019, a new museum, actually a transfer and extension of a previously existing museum in Paris, was opened to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the French capital. Above: German Servicewomen in Occupied Paris Gordon, The Germans in France During World War II: Defeat, Occupation, Liberation, and Memory Our course examines the Occupation in six two-hour meetings. Each class session will have a theme, subdivided into two halves with a ten-minute break in between. Class Schedule: 1. From Victory to Defeat: France emerges victorious after the First World War but fails to maintain its supremacy. 1-A. The Interwar Years: We focus on France’s path from victory in the First World War through their failure to successfully resist the rise of Nazi Germany during the interwar years and their overwhelming defeat in the Second.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cope with the French: Keys to Understanding French Culture
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 345 557 FL 020 349 AUTHOR Tarro, Brian J. TITLE How To Cope with the French: Keys to Understanding French Culture. PUB DATE Apr 91 NOTE 15p./ Paper presented at the Annual Aastern Michigan University Conference on Languages and Communication for World Business and the Professions (10th, 7pSilanti, MI, April 3-5, 1991). PUB TYPE Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) -- Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Attitudes; *Business Communication; *Cultural Awareness; Cultural Differences; *Cultural Traits; *FrenJh; Oovernment Role; Individualism; Intercultural Communication; International Trade; *Languagt,) Role; Power Structure; *Self Concept IDENTIFIERS *French People ABSTRACT To deal successfully with the French people in business, the American must first be conversant with his own culture. The French have a tradition of firm opinions and take an intellectual view of the world. Thinking is hierarchical, as is the French society. Education emphasizes strong command of the French language and all formal aspects of French culture, and acculturation of immigrant groups into this system is widespread. Criticism is used more than reward to promote progress. Educational and familial acculturation produce both an authoritarian and an individualistic people. Those who succeed are those who think, and each seeks a niche in the hierarchy. Business tends to imitate the highly-regarded and powerful government. The drive to succeed and the preference for individualism often combine to produce individuals who wish to both participate in and get around the authoritarian system. These traits do not always mesh veil with American business culture. However, all the major aspects of French culture can and should be learned by American business people.
    [Show full text]
  • France's Constitution of 1958 with Amendments Through 2008
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 constituteproject.org France's Constitution of 1958 with Amendments through 2008 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 Table of contents Preamble . 3 Title I: ON SOVEREIGNTY . 3 Title II: THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC . 4 Title III: THE GOVERNMENT . 8 Title IV: PARLIAMENT . 9 Title V: ON RELATIONS BETWEEN PARLIAMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT . 11 Title VI: ON TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS . 17 Title VII: THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL . 19 Title VIII: ON JUDICIAL AUTHORITY . 20 Title IX: THE HIGH COURT . 22 Title X: ON THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT . 22 Title XI: THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL . 23 Title XI-A: THE DEFENDER OF RIGHTS . 24 Title XII: ON TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES . 24 Title XIII: TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO NEW CALEDONIA . 28 Title XIV: ON THE FRENCH-SPEAKING WORLD AND ON ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS . 29 Title XV: ON THE EUROPEAN UNION . 29 Title XVI: ON AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION . 31 Title XVII . 31 DECLARATION OF HUMAN AND CIVIC RIGHTS OF 26 AUGUST 1789 . 31 PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 27 OCTOBER 1946 . 34 CHARTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT . 35 France 1958 (rev. 2008) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 Preamble The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, confirmed and complemented by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946, and to the rights and duties as defined in the Charter for the Environment of 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • French Ideology of English As a World Language and American Second
    French Ideology of English as a World Language and American Second Language Speakers by Sarah Price Wright A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford April 2014 Approved by ___________________________ Advisor: Dr. Allison Burkette ___________________________ Reader: Dr. Olivier Tonnerre __________________________ Reader: Dr. Christopher Sapp ABSTRACT French Ideology of English as a World Language and American Second Language Speakers compares French ideology of American English and French ideology of the American accent in French to investigate if the two correlate. The study seeks to answer the question: Is ideology linked to the speech community represented or is it linked to the language forms themselves? The study includes a literature review of previously published studies on the subjects of French ideology of English as a World Language, the competition between French and English as a lingua franca, French perceptions of second language speakers, and the American accent in French and its reception. The study then analyzes its own research in France, where respondents were given a matched guise test with different “levels” of the American accent in French recorded to determine if there are any perceived personality traits that are associated with linguistic aptitude. An English recording was also included. The findings showed that English was rated the highest in all categories. Otherwise, there was a general trend in recordings’ phonetic similarity to standard French correlating with positive perceptions of the speaker’s personality traits. There were some exceptions, including the “exaggerated American accent”, which was rated lowest in all personality categories except “charming” and “attractive” categories, where it was rated the highest.
    [Show full text]
  • Attitudes Towards Refugees, Immigrants and Identity in France
    About More in Common Authors and Contributors More in Common is a new effort to build communities and Annick Beddiar, IFOP societies that are stronger, more resilient and more open. The Tim Dixon, Purpose / More in Common More In Common initiative took shape from work undertaken Jérôme Fourquet, IFOP since 2015 to understand why advanced democracies failed Stephen Hawkins, Purpose to respond more effectively to the refugee crisis and its impact Míriam Juan-Torres, More in Common on domestic politics. Mathieu Lefevre, More in Common Anne-Laure Marchal, IFOP The refugee crisis was a harbinger of what happens when the Vincent Wolff, Purpose forces of right-wing populist hate and division gain the upper hand, and those in favor of open and diverse societies do not come together in defense of those values. If the battle for Acknowledgements hearts and minds is lost to authoritarian populists, advanced More in Common and Purpose Europe commissioned this report democracies will not be able to respond adequately to such in conjunction with the Social Change Initiative and are grateful profound collective challenges as climate change, inequality, for its input and support. We are also grateful for the generous technological disruption of the job market, population ageing financial support provided by the Human Dignity Foundation. and global public health threats. Holding diverse and inclusive societies together will become increasingly difficult. We would also like to thank Brendan Cox, Rob Ford, Eric More in Common’s objective across its different streams of Kaufmann, Avila Kilmurray, Nick Lowles, Gregory Maniatis, work is to build closer and more inclusive societies, which Cass Mudde, Martin O'Brien, Anthony Painter, Padraic Quirk, are resilient to the appeal of xenophobia and authoritarian and Francois Xavier Demoures for their insights and support.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of a Man Nationalism, Identity, Vercingetorix and the Gauls
    University of Dayton eCommons Honors Theses University Honors Program 5-1-2021 Construction of a Man Nationalism, Identity, Vercingetorix and the Gauls Martin B. McKew University of Dayton Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/uhp_theses Part of the History Commons eCommons Citation McKew, Martin B., "Construction of a Man Nationalism, Identity, Vercingetorix and the Gauls" (2021). Honors Theses. 326. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/uhp_theses/326 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact mschlangen1@udayton.edu,ecommons@udayton.edu. Construction of a Man Nationalism, Identity, Vercingetorix and the Gauls Honors Thesis Martin McKew Department: History Advisor: Dorian Borbonus, Ph.D. April 2021 Construction of a Man Nationalism, Identity, Vercingetorix and the Gauls Honors Thesis Martin McKew Department: History Advisor: Dorian Borbonus, Ph.D. April 2021 Abstract This paper intends to explore the past representations of Vercingetorix and the Gauls as defined by Julius Caesar and connect them to significant French events throughout the long nineteenth and twentieth centuries in order to establish a link between the Gauls, French nationalism, and French identity. Acknowledgements Great thanks to my parents and roommates for putting up with this extensive project, to Dr. Darrow for his encouragement to undertake the Honors Thesis in the first place, to Dr. Work and Dr. Sextro for their support, and especially to my Thesis Advisor, Dr. Borbonus, for his constant constructive criticism and suggestions which have undoubtedly strengthened both this paper, and my writing overall.
    [Show full text]