, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22939 vent the use of and eliminate stockpiles its control and its authority. We must dent Nixon's proposal 1s a responsible and of chemical and biological weapons." not be led into an apocalypse resulting fiexible approach. He has the option to scale down the program if the co­ In June, the President directed the from disease started because of policies operates in disarmament talks, and it gives executive branch to undertake a com­ we could not control. The dangers from him the necessary lead time to develop re­ prehensive review of all aspects of CBW. inaction are too great for the people of sponses to future Soviet threa-ts in the 70's However, recent reports from the sum­ the world, for the citizens of America, "Should they materialize. It is a modest pro­ mer session of the Geneva Conference and for our children. gram and, in my opinion, it is the very least ca.st doubt on the sincerity of our com­ This is a glorious moment in the his­ we can give our President at this time. mitments. tory of mankind. We have recently set I believe this debate has been useful to everyone involved. Certainly it has alerted International skepticism over the U.S. foot upon the . the Administration and the Pentagon that position stems from an important sen­ We took every precaution to prevent defense proposals are due, and will receive, tence in a statement of the President the contamination of the moon. We the same scrutiny by Congress that all other submitted to the Conference. The sen­ must now take every precaution to pre­ programs receive. tence in question states: vent the uncontrollable contamination of Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ The specter of chemical and biological the earth. warfare arouses horror and repulsion dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. throughout the world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk THE ABM DEBATE EXTREMELY will call the roll. Indicative of the vacillation of the USEFUL The assistant legislative clerk pro­ on CBW, the sentence was ceeded to call the ron. originally included in the statement, was Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I believe the Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ then deleted, and was finally restored to spirited debate on the ABM issue has created the false public impression dent, I ask unanimous consent that the the text when lt was printed. order for the quorum call be rescinded. Furthermore,. international skepti­ that the U.S. Senate is now irrevocably split along partisan lines. No one can The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cism over America's CBW position was objection. it is so ordered. deepened because of events in Vietnam. deny that the arguments were heated. But they were also extremely useful. The United States is using defoliants They have united the Senate in its re­ and anti-crop agents in Vietnam. These solve to give the most scrupulous con­ ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11 A.M. gases have been justified on the basis sideration to the proper balance between TOMORROW that they isolate victims from unwar­ the needs of national security and our Mr. :BYRD of West Vrrginia. Mr. Presi­ ranted su1rering. duty to promote just and progressive dent, if there be no further business to However, Dr. Jean Mayer o! Harvard domestic programs. Now that the vote come before the Senate, I move, in ac­ University, now a Presidential consul­ has been taken, let us all move "forward cordance with the previous order, that tant, and Dr. Victor Sidel, his colleague together" to the many urgent tasks still the Senate stand in adjournment until on this report, have disclosed: at hand. 11 a.m. tomorrow. It is not that innocent bystanders will be I ask unanimous consent that a state­ The motion was agreed to; and (at hurt by such measures, but that only inno­ I cent bystanders will be hurt. ment which issued yesterday following 7 o'clock and 20 n:inutes p.m.) the Senate the voting on amendments to President adjourned until tomorrow, , In the case of defoliants which de­ Nixon's Safeguard proposal be printed 1969, at 11 o'clock a.m. stroy food, it is the women and children, in the RECORD. the sick and the elderly, not the soldiers, There being no objection, the state­ who :first succumb to starvation. ment was ordered to be printed in the NOMINATION To begin to harness this potentially RECORD, as follows: Executive nomination received by the destructive force, to halt the prolifera­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR SCOTT Senate August 7 (legislative day of Au­ tion of CBW weapons to small countries, The defeat -of the Hart-Cooper amend­ gust 5). 1969: and reestablish our International credi­ ment indicates that the President's Safe­ COMMISSIONER 'OF INDIAN AFFAJBS bility, we must act with all speed. guard System wlll be approved finally by Louis R. Bruce, 'Of New York, to be Com­ Congress. I do not believe the division in the We must impose control on the further missioner of Indian A1fairs, vice Robert La­ production of chemical and biological Senate on this issue Is as sharp as some Follette Bennett, resigned. warfare. might thlnk. This is not a black-white issue, although the public debate hastened to por­ We must ratify the 1925 Geneva tray it as .such. ProtocoL The .contending opinions are aetually not WITHDRAWAL We must act to impose a ban on open .so far apart. Everyone agrees that the Presi­ Executive nomination withdrawn from air testing. dent must provide for our Nation's defense. the Senate August 7 (legislative day of We must require the Pentagon to dis­ The question on ABM was whether we should ), 1969: -close Its total CBW expenditures to have 'Continued research and development only, or limited deployment of a protoitype u.s. ATI'ORNEY Congress. system at two sites only. George E. Woods, Jr., o! to be The time for secrecy and decision­ I opposed the Sentinel Sy.stem proposed by U.S. attorney for the eastern district of making independent of Congress must the previous Administration because I be­ Michigan, vice Lawrence Gubow, resigned, come to an end. Congress must reassert lieved it would magnetize our cities. Presi- sent to the Senate May 16, 1969~

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

DUNES TORPEDO FIZZLES DUNES TORPEDO FIZZLES Landgrebe bill aimed at curtailing the di­ The attempt by Rep. Earl F. Landgrebe, mensions of the park will never get out of .R-Valparaiso, to torpedo the development of committee. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore along Had Mr. Landgrebe sueceeded in destroy­ the lines approved by Congress two years ago ing the compromise under which both the OF INDIANA apparently has been blocked. Burns Harbor .and park projects were au­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Landgrebe torpedo was in the form of thorized, it most certainly would have re­ turned the issue to the hot coals of Thur:sday, August 7, 1969 1m amendment to an appropriation blll car­ rying $10 million in funds and contract au­ .controversy. Controversy over the park proposal and Mr. BRADEMAS. .Mr. Speaker, under thority for land acquisition. In effect. it port-industrial development ra.ged for y-ears unanimous consent~ insert in the Exten­ would have whittled the size of the lake­ before the sensible compromise w.as reached sions of Remarks of the REcoRD the fol­ shore recreation area by approximately 6,000 to permit both. acres. 1969, Rep. .John Bra.dema.s, D-South Bend, lowing editorial dated , from Fortunately, the amend.Inent went down to the South Bend. :Ind., Tribune entitled ~ought the Landgrebe attack on the park defeat in a voice vote in the House this week. plans. .Alter the appropriation bill amend­ ~·nunes Torpedo Fizzles••: Moreover, there are indications that another ment was beaten, he hailed the action as 22940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Augu_st 7, 1969 "clear evidence that Congress won't stand $57 million on the remaining appropriation (From the Evening Star, Washington (D.C.), for any further land-grab assaults on the investment in the TVA power system. , 1969) is The rate of return paid to the Treasury Indiana dunes." We hope he correct. SOVIET NAVAL MOVES DAMPEN PEACE More than 500 acres already have been ac­ by TVA is based by law on the interest cost quired by the federal government for ex­ of the U.S. Government marketable debt as (By David Lawrence) pansion of the park to an envisioned 8,~00 of the start of the fiscal year. That rate was The cause of world peace is not helped acres. Mr. Landgrebe might better apply his 5.232 percent on this year, compared by the presence of a Soviet naval :fleet in energies in seeing that none of the federal to 4.757 percent a year ago. the just a few miles from the money is wasted, rather than seeking to rip Rising interest rates on Treasury secu­ territory of the United States. The task up the plans. rities have boosted the dividends paid by force is capable of firing missiles. It consists TVA by $21 million a year since 1962, even of eight ships--a guided-mlssile , two though the Federal investment on which guided-missile destroyers, a submarine tend­ they are paid was whittled down by repay­ er, two diesel submarines and two oilers. ments of $100 million during that time. Some reports say that the govern­ TVA PAYMENT EXCEEDS APPRO­ This appropriation investment in TVA power ment has sent the ships to this area because PRIATIONS REQUEST facilities now stands at about $1,102 million. a few American destroyers have been patrol­ Construction of TVA power generating and ling the Black Sea. transmission facilities is now financed from Whatever the reasons for the Soviet ma­ power revenues and borrowings, rather than neuver, it certainly has created uneasiness HON. ROBERT E. JONES from appropriations. here and accentuates the importance of the OF The Federal legislation that established the proposed talks with the Soviets on arms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present TVA power financing program was limitation. enacted ten years ago this week. The interest Thursday, August 7, 1969 Every country has a right to send its war cost on the U.S. Government marketable vessels into any ocean as long as they re­ Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, debt, established in that legislation as the main beyond the three-Inile or twelve-mile this week marks the lOth anniversary of basis for the rate of return paid by TVA, limlt prescribed. Thus far, the Soviet :fleet the enactment of the present arrange­ was then less than 3 percent, compared to has stayed at least 75 mlles west of Key ment for financing the electric power the 5.2 percent rate this year. West, Fla., and is planning to go to Havana, The amount of the annual repayment by presumably to attend the celebration of program of the Tennessee Valley Author­ TVA, also established by law, will increase Cuba's National Day on July 26. ity. from $15 million to $20 m1llion starting in So far as is known, the destroyers sent It is interesting to note that during 1971. into the Black Sea by the United States the current fiscal year the TVA will pay carried no missiles. They have been crusing into the U.S. Treasury almost half again in collaboration with ships of Turkey, which as much as has been requested for appro­ SOVIET FLEET IN CARIBBEAN also borders on the Black Sea and is a mem­ priations. ber of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza­ tion. The exercises are part of the obligation The power program will pay into the HON. STROM THURMOND of NATO to prepare for the defense of that Treasury more than $72 million this year. country against potential aggression. The TVA's appropriation request for the OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES President Monroe, 146 years ago, pro­ current year is less than $50 million. claimed the doctrine that the United States There is, of course, no direct relation­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 would not tolerate the establishment of a ship between the TVA payments and the Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, David foothold in this hemisphere by any Euro­ request for appropriations. The pay­ Lawrence has recently warned that the pean country. The Monroe Doctrine, as it is ments are related exclusively to the elec­ called, was respected for many decades. But presence of a Soviet naval fleet in the within recent years, the Soviet government tric power operation of the TVA, which Gulf of Mexico has dampened the cause has defied it by establishing a foothold in is now self-financing, while the appro­ of peace. Mr. Lawrence points out that Cuba. priation request provides for the other the course of this fleet, just a few miles The Russians may argue that they have a activities for which the TVA was chart­ from the territory of the United States-­ right to keep any country from establishing ered by the Congress. a fleet that has the capability of firing bases in Europe and that, in effect, if the These other activities include naviga­ missiles--is a provocative act. United States is to have a free hand in tion, flood control, other water resources He contrasts this with the recent voy­ keeping other nations from setting up bases developments, and fertilizer and muni­ in this hemisphere, then America ought to age by American destroyers to the Black be prohibited from doing the same thing in tions development-all of which have al­ Sea. The destroyers sent to the Black Europe. ready returned to the people of the Sea carried no missiles. They cruised in But the truth is that the Soviet govern­ United States far more in benefits than collaboration with the ships of Turkey. ment maintains armies of occupation in the the total investment. Turkey is a member of NATO, and the Communist-bloc countries of Eastern Europe Additional information about the TVA exercises were a part of our NATO obli­ in defiance of the settlements reached at the payments to the Treasury are provided gation. end of World War II. The United States in the weekly newsletter of the agency. Mr. Lawrence points out that the So­ would be glad indeed to abolish NATO and So that my colleagues will know of this pull its troops and naval :fleets back home if viet presence is a violation of the Mon­ the Soviets withdrew their armies and re­ program, I submit for inclusion the news­ roe Doctrine and that the Soviets have leased from bondage the peoples of East letter in the RECORD as a part of my re­ no right to their present stronghold in , Poland, Hungary, , and marks at this point: Cuba. By contrast, the Soviet occupation . WEEKLY NEWSLETTER of Eastern Europe is in defiance of the In the crisis that arose in 1962, Presldent More than $72 million will be paid to the World War II settlements. Kennedy insisted that Soviet missile sites in U.S. Treasury out of Tennessee Valley Au­ Mr. Lawrence says: Cuba be dismantled. Reports have recurred since then that secret bases have neverthe­ thority power revenues during the fiscal The time has come to Inake clear to the year that began July 1, TVA said today. less been maintained. A close relationship government in Moscow that it must detach between the Cuban government of Fidel Cas­ This is $4¥2 million more than payments in itself not only from Cuba but from any the year just ended, continuing the upward tro and the Moscow government has con­ other country in this hemlsphere. For the tinued. A few days ago a dispatch trend of recent years. principles behind the Monroe Doctrine are TVA payments into the Treasury have been attributed to diplomatic sources a statement still valid as a means of protecting the peo­ that as much as $2 billion had been ad­ rising sharply, while appropriations from the ples of the Western Hemisphere against mili­ Treasury for TVA regional development pro­ vanced to the Castro government by the So­ tary conquest by any European or Asian viets in the last few years. grams have been falling because of the over­ power. all effort to limit Federal budgets. As a re­ Intrigue has been carried on by the Com­ sult, the $72 million TVA will pay the I ask unanimous consent that the munists in several of the Central American Treasury this year is about half again as column entitled "Soviet Naval Moves and South American countries. There is evi­ much as the agency's appropriation request dence of Communist plotting and collusion Dampen Peace," written by David Law­ with some of the rebel movements in Latin now before Congress, which totals just under rence, be printed in the Extensions of $50 million. America. Except in Cuba, however no mili­ The new year's total payments will in­ Remarks. tary installations have been set up by the clude a $15 million repayment of Federal a-p­ There being no objection, the column Russians. propriations previously invested in TVA was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The time hai; come to make clear to the power facilities, and record dividends of over as follows: government in Moscow that it must detach ·, August 7, 19,69 'EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22941

itself not .only from ~uba but from .any .other awarded the 1969 Pasteur Medal by the .{From the ~ockton. {Mass.) Ila.ily Evening countcy ln this hemisphere. 'For the princi­ .Milk Industry Foundation, national trade Entel'pi"J.se. ~b. 1.8. 1~69 1 ples behlnc1 the Monroe DoCtrine 'are still association of milk processing companies. EAGLES ClVIC SERVICE AWARD RECEZVED IJY valid '8.S a means of proteoDilig the peoples of The fountlatlon has presented this award RESCUEB {)F 'Fioua the Western Hemlsphe,re against military Presentation of the annual Civic Service conquest by any European or Asian power. annually for the past '35 years. It is for heroism by a .. milk company employee Award of the Brockton Aerie of Eagles 617 to Tb.ere can tbe tittle trust in Soviet pledges Howard Coleman, ;Jr., of 70 Pondview Circle .abou~ ma.tntal.nlng peace w.hlle funds and while -on the job. highlighted the 65tb -annual banquet of the mllitlu"y equlpment .are being shipped to It was my great honor yesterday to aerie Saturday nigbt -at the unit's quarters, Cuba, and a 'Soviet :fleet cruises in waters o1f personally present the medal to this :fine our shores with essels capable of 'firing mis­ 46 Green St. young man. On behalf of the citizens of The occasion also produced a surprise as, siles wlliell could easily destroy American Brockton and the dairy industry, which in addition to the award from the Eagles, . lives and properl;y. Still, there ru-e people in Coleman was presented letter of commen­ Congress who keep saying -that the Commu­ sponsors this award, I wish to add my a dation fron:;1 Gov. .Francis Sargent by State nist th!eat is just a ·~myth" and that bhe de­ congratulations and best wishes to Mr. ployment of anti-ballistic missiles inside the Coleman for his courage in performing Sen. James F .. Burke. United States .as .a deterrent to enemy attack . this act of heroism. Coleman was honored for bls courageous ls really unnecessary. I action in saving Mrs. Kunie Consolino of would like to take this time to call Pembroke and her three children after their to the attention of the membership of car crashed and caught fiTe In Duxbury on the House, various newspaper articles last year. commending M-r. Coleman's her{)ic act, Past Pres. George E. DeMulls, master of HOWARD A. COLEMAN, JR., IS an official report of the incident, as filed ceremonies. pointed out that a committee PRESENTED CITATION by Officer Francis Guilderson, Duxbury .selects possible reclplents for the awards Police Department, and a letter from and the final three ~ames are voted upon Mrs. Consolin6. by· the entire membership. DeMulis read a letter .from Whiting Milk HON. JAMES A. BURKE SAVES FOUR .FROM FLAMING A"UTO OF Co., for whom Coleman was work:ln.g at the DuxBmtY.-Prompt action by a Brockton time or tlle incident, commending his action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .m.an saved a. Pembroke woman and her three and also stating that he was being recom­ children irom death when they were trapped Thursday, Atigust 7~ 1969 mended by the company for the Louis Pas- in their burning car .after an accident on Elm -teur A ward, an annual national -award for .Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. St., Tuesda-y afternoon. Howard Coleman, "heroism by a .milkman. DeMuils '8.lso pointed Speaker., at this period of time in our Jr., 20, of 77 Pondview Circle, a driver for out th.at Coleman, 20, was the youngest re­ .country when young persons are facing Wblting Milk Co.. rescued the four, getting cipient of the award by tne local aerie. the baby out of the car seconds before it Sen. Burke stated that he was delighted, many challenges and dimcult decisions, exploded. it is gratifying to lear~ of a young man honored and privileged to have a part in Mrs. Kunie Consolino, 76 Wampatuck St., the program. He pointed out that at a time who met a tremendous challenge and re­ is in "fair" condition at the Jordan Hospital sponded unsellishly. 1n our society when unr-est and riots were in Plymouth, while her children, Catherine, in the news, it was fine :to see a young man '1; Learning of his action was an unusu­ Marie, 6, and Joseph, Jr., 10 months, were honored for a deed of .heroism. He congrat- ally pleasant one for me, in that the discharged after· treatment. . ulated the Eagles for making the_award. Coleman was returning from making a young person referred to is both an ac­ .Sen. "Burke then made the surprise an­ special delivery in Duxbury when he saw a quaintance and eonstituent of mine. I nouncement that he bad been directed by am· sur-e that my fellow Members of CQn­ woman standing by the side of the road, waving her arms. He .stopped the truck and Gov. Sargent to present a letter of commen­ dation .Irom the commonwealth. In the let­ gress wi11 join me in giving recognition she pointed to the wrecked car a short dis­ to Howard A. Coleman, Jr., of Brockton, tance away, which was on fire. Coleman ran ter, signed by the governor, lle ~mmended Mass. to the car and got the two older children Coleman for his "swift, courageous and self­ Mr. Coleman, who is 21 years old and out oi the rear .seat without difliculty. less action" as an example of the real con­ an .employee of tha Whiting Milk Co., Coleman was unable to open the front door, cern for all people. .Inc., in Massachusetts, was employed however, and had to smash the glass and Sen. Burke also presented the Eagles Civic -pull the woman out through the window. He Service A ward which cited Coleman -as one . la.st summer as a special delivery driver of the individuals who made his nome town whUe between semesters oo college. While carried b.er a short distance aw.ay. He stated that she was mumbling something and. he a better place in which to live. en route to his-employer"s branch at Dux­ finally <:aught the word "baby."' Thomas .Brennan, representing Whiting bury one afternoon last summer, Mr. Coleman then ran back to the ear and Milk Co.• read letters from the Duxbury chief Coleman.. s attention was directed to an reached in through the window as far as he of police .and from the officer investigating automobile which had gone otf the road, could. He could see nothing in the heavy the accident, as well as ftom Mrs. Consolino. partially up a steep .hill and lodged be­ smoke but groped around until hls hands The letters pointed out that the ear was 64 tween two large trees. finally eneountered the baby on the tloor of ieet up a banking ~d wedged by ~ees so Without concern for his own safety, the car. He pulled the 1nfant to safety and the doors could not be opened. Mr. Coleman ran to the vehicle, which had taken only a few steps when the car ex­ They added that Coleman was stopped by ploded.: two wom.en and informed of the accident, ·by that time had caught :fire and was Duxbury firefighters and police then ar­ went to the car, pulled 'the two older chil­ ablaze. Because the trees prevented the rived on the scene and took the mother and dren. Catherine 7, .and Marie 6, from the car door from opening, Mr~ Coleman children to the hospital. Police reported that rear seat; broke a window to pull Mrs. Con­ broke a window to get to the occupants. Mrs. Consolino told them that the accelera­ solino, who had an injured back, to safety Inside the smoke-filled car, he found a tor oi her car stuck, causing it to go out of and then, when informed her baby was mother and two children, ages 7 and 6. control and crash off the road. still in the car, reached in and groped around He extricated the two children from the the front seat in the smoke until he found car, then went back to remove the mother SOCIETY HONORS THREE AREA MEN FOR Joseph, Jr., 10 months, and pulled him out. RESCUE W-oRK The car exploded when he was only a few feet who wa.s injured and unable to move. away after rescuing the baby. He believed that was all of the occu­ .-Three area men have been hon­ ored by the Humane Society of the Com­ Brennan congratulated Coleman on 1lis pants. However, while Mr. Coleman was monwealth of Massachusetts rescue opera­ achievement and also congratulated his par­ carrying the mother from the vehicle, she tions performed during the past year. ents, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Coleman, Sr. pleaded with him to save a trurd child, Bronze medals w·ere awarded to Howard A. Greetings of the clty were brought by a 10-month-oldinfant, still in the car; By Coleman Jr. of 77 Pondview Circle, Brock­ Councilor James J. Adams, representing this time the car was :filled with smoke ton, and Alfred DeTulio of 27 Hamilton Council President Arthur M. Crowe. He con­ and the flames were extensive. Unable to Place_, Needham. Mr. Coleman pulled a gratulated the Eagles on their work and see the child, Mr. Coleman felt on the mother and her three small children from a on their choice of the young man to be hon­ seat and the 1loor of the car, found the burning c~r ln Duxbury, JUly 23. Mr. DeTu­ ored. He expressed the personal greetings llo rescued Michael A. Cavanaugh of New­ of the Mayor and CounciL child. and took him to safety. The car ton, Aprll16. President J. Edward Donovan greeted all . exploded. within se.Conds. Robert A. Cushman of 32 Gifford st., present and welcomed tbem to the 65th anni· A happy conclusion to this incident is Brockton, was awarded a certificate for versary · program. Vice President Richard that .an four _persons in the car recov.ered. rescuing Theodore A. Hancock. who' fell Wheeler, chairman of the banquet commit­ For his heroic efforts, Mr. Coleman was through thin ice in Brockton. February 19. tee, also extended his thanks. President Ger- 22942 ~XTENSIONS OF RE~RKS 4ugust 7, 1969 trude Johnson of the Eagles Aux111a.ry DUXBURY POLICE DEPARTMENT OFFICER'S White House, displayed an able knowl­ thanked the committee for her invitation REPORT edge of· ·the game ' of baseball and and wished the aerie many more years of Subject-Rescue of 4 Persons from a Burn­ continued progress. She also pointed out thoroughly ehjoyed himself in the com­ ing Vehicle. pany of the sports figures. They, in turn, that Mr. and Mrs. Coleman "must be very Date-September 9, 1968 Time 5:00 p.m. proud of their son." On July 23, 1968, at about 3:33 p.m., I enjoyed the hospitality of the White State Vice President George Marcotte was called to cover an accident on Elm House, according to the reports. brought the greetings of the State Aerie. He Street, Duxbury, Mass. Upon arriving at the One of those present on this occasion applauded their choice of a recipient for the scene I found a car totally engulfed by flames. was AI Cartwright, sports editor of the Civic Service award, pointing out that good Several persons at the scene pointed to a News-Journal newspapers in Wilming­ deeds and work by young people frequently young man as the one who pulled out 3 chil­ goes without mention. ton, Del. Mr. Cartwright, I believe, dren, and the female operator from the capture:d the spirit of the occasion in his Marcotte said he was greatly impressed burning car. After handling the traffic, I by many of the actions of young people. He spoke to this man and learned his name: column in the Morning News of July 23. spoke briefly of coming Eagle activities, in­ Howard A. Coleman, a milkman from Whit­ I ask unanimous consent that Mr. Cart­ cluding a conference at Boston March 8, the ings Milk Company, Duxbury, who was re­ wright's column be printed in the State Ball on March 22 at Rockland and turning to the Plant when stopped by 2 RECORD. banquets at Hyde Park and Middleboro next women who pointed out the burning car, off There being no objection, the column Saturday night. the road, 64 feet up the banking. He ran to was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Atty. Basil W. Flynn, a friend of the fam­ their assistance, broke a window to open the ily, spoke briefly on the excellent job done door to get out 2 children and their mother. as follows: by young Coleman. He pointed out that While carrying the mother away she cried SKINNER GETS ADVICE: You SEE, RICHIE'? the youth, who attends Bryant and Strat­ "Get my baby, it's still in the car!" Cole­ EVEN NIXON CARES! ton College, had been honored by the VFW man ran back to the burning car and felt (By AI Cartwright) and the Mass. Humane Society for his hero­ with both hands (he could not see because WASHINGTON, D.C.-The President of the ism. He praised the action as a real act of of smoke and flames) on front seat and on United States said to the . of the heroism and congratulated his parents. floor of car and found the small, 10 mos. Philadelphia Phillies, "Now let me tell you Coleman spoke briefly to thank the Aerie old baby and brought the child to the in­ about Richie Allen ..." for his selection and to thank all who at­ jured mother. Also, I talked with a Daniel Bob Skinner leaned against the bar in the tended. Anderson, 3rd of Marshfield, who verified Green Room of the White House and re­ Head table guests introduced were: How­ Coleman's actions. Mr. Coleman almost layed the conversation. "He really did­ ard Coleman, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Howard Cole­ apologized for breaking the car window. honest. My first thought was 'Oh, no, not man, Sr., Sen. and Mrs. Burke, Councilor FRANCIS X. Gun.DERSON. here, too.' But I kept it to myself and Mr. Adams, Pres. Donovan, Vice Pres. and Mrs. Nixon went on and he was most interestin·g Wheeler, Toastmaster and Mrs. DeMulis, Aux. JANUARY 31, 1969. and you could tell he had a genuine interest Pres. Johnson, State Vice Pres. Marcotte and ROBERT H. NORTH, Executive V. P. in baseball and sports. Atty. Flynn. Milk Industry Foundation, "What he said was that he thought it Washington, D.C. was a mistake for athletes like Richie Allen DEAR Sm: I'm writing this letter, so that and Joe Namath to think about going into [From the Brockton (Mass.) Daily Enterprise, you and the judges for the Pasteur Awards Nov. 25, 1968] the restaurant business or acting or any­ program may become fully aware of the thing else full-time before they had gotten HOWARD COLEMAN, JR., IS PRESENTED CITATION heroic action of Howard Coleman an em­ total fulfillment from their sports careers. He Howard Coleman, Jr., 22, of 77 Pondview ployee of the Whiting Milk Company. said he thought they owed it to themselves Circle, was presented gifts and a savings My children and I were out shopping on to play in the big leagues as long as possible." bond by the Brockton Post 1046, VFW, as a July 23, 1968 when I lost control of my auto Skinner had just gone through the recep­ feature of the recent State Commander's and it crashed into a tree off the road and tion line in the east room. His was one of Banquet of the VFW at the Hall in the Fargo up on a hill. The auto caught fire and be­ 450 hands that President Nixon shook as he Building, Boston. cause of it's position (being wedged between entertained the All-Star Game players, the Coleman was honored for his heroic rescue trees) we were unable to open the doors. Mr. Hall of Famers, all-timers, club officials and of a mother and her children who were Coleman came over and helped my 2 chil­ some members of the press in a remarkable trapped in a :flaming car after an accident dren Catherine 7 and Marie 6 to get out. Then session that, even for the All-Stars, has to last summer. Cm.dr. Fred Smith and PC he dragged me from the car. (My back was overshadow the big game that was to be Paul R. Maliska related the reasons for the broken as I found out later.) I kept asking washed out until today. award to the audience, quoting from an for my baby Joseph Jr. 10 months old and As Mr. Nixon squeezed hand after hand Enterprise story and letters from Whiting Mr. Coleman went back to the auto which and chatted with each visitor with great Milk co. officials, young Coleman's employers. by this time was full of smoke and pulled warmth and unflagging patience, rain was Present for the ceremonies were the youth's Joseph out. I believe Mr. Coleman's life was beating on the White House. The reception parents, Howard, Sr., and Mary Colman and in extreme danger all during the rescue, be­ was scheduled for 4 to 5 p.m. but it was close officials of the milk company, along with a cause the car could have exploded at any to 6:30 when the last stragglers left. large delegation of members of Brockton Post, moment. I was told later that the fuel pump We wound up in the reception line in back 1046, Plymouth District 12 and other posts. had broken when the car crashed and the of , the manager of the Orioles, The affair was attended by more than 15,000 gasoline got on the hot engine and this is and Gabby Hartnett, just elected the all­ persons, who gave the youth a long ovation. how the fire started. It was an extremely hot time of the CUbs. The banquet honored State Commander fire and the car was totally destroyed. If Mr. A white-uniformed military aide took your James A. Peoples. The Brockton youth was Coleman didn't come along and help us out name. He had a microphone strapped around unaware of his part in the program until the of the car, I'm sure we wouldn't be alive his neck. This was so a tape-recorder could today. presentation. list the sequence of guest.s, to correlate with Sincerely, pictures that were being taken. You gave him Mrs. KUNIE CONSOLINO. your name and he announced it to Bowie TOWN OF DuxBURY, MAss., Kuhn, the baseball commissioner, who com­ POLICE HEAQUARTERS, pleted the double play by passing the name January 24, 1969. to Mr. Nixon. Re Pasteur Medal Awards-1968. A LA CARTE "Ever hear of it?" we asked the attache Att. Miss Geraldine Walsh. after identifying our town as Wilmington, MILK INDUSTRY FOUNDATION, Del. . Washington, D.C. "Yes, sir," came the smiling reply. "Twin GENTLEMEN: On , 1968 Officer HON. J. CALEB BOGGS bridges there." Francis X. Guilderson responded to the call OF DELAWARE We were about at the 250-person mark in for police assistance at scene of accident on IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the line, but Mr. Nixon was as gracious as Elm Street, Duxbury, Massachusetts. . though he were facing the leadoff man. In this accident were a Mrs. Kunle Canso­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 How often do you get a chance to say Uno and her three small children. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, the Na­ hello to a President? We decided to milk the Enclosed please find Officer Gunderson's issue, and bayonet us if you must, Secret copy of his Officer's report submitted to this tion's No. 1 baseball fan recently held a Service. Department. reception attended by about 450 of the "Did you agree with the election of Ba..be Yours very truly, most prominent men in Qaseball. Ruth as the all-time all-timer?" we asked. HENRY P . McNEIL, President Nixon, according to news­ Mr~ NixQn led off with his copyrighted Chief of Police. paper reports of the reception at the sentence. ''I would have to say yes." And he August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF- REMARKS 22943 took the time to explain his t~nking: "This this year, I'm go~g ·to seriously consider it Unfortunately, our message seemed to f~il 1s because Ruth was a great as well for a career. on deaf ears. . as a great hitter, and he was an adequate The President's bash for baseball was in:­ Since the establishment of the nationa,l fielder, too. He was sort of a double threat formaJly beautiful, the greatest thing that .forest in 1897, unger a law which stated as to make the all-time team. Yes, I would have has happened to the game since Ruth, Eisen­ its purpose, and I quote, " ... To furnish !' voted for Babe Ruth." hower and golf...;;.Nixon and baseball. · continuous supply of timber for the use and Another set of white uniforms directed necessities of citizens of the United States," you to any one of t;everal rooms-it seems some 16 mlllion acres of producing timber­ the group had the run of the first fioor and lands have been closed to harvesting. the lower fioor. Several bars were going, with Since 1964, in the 12 Western States alone, THE FOREST INDUSTRY TODAY one mlllion, nine hundred and nine thou­ the hard stuff. Somehow, we had expected AND TOMORROW punch a.nd cookies, but Mr. Nixon apparently sand acres, representing almost 21 billion knows his receptions. board feet of timbez:, have been lost to Taxpayers savored their memorable intro­ harvest. HON. JOHN WOLD Over the next five years in those same ductions to the President. OF WYOMING Gene Mauch looked for a place to stash a Western States, it is contemplated that cigaret butt. "I don't want to make a mis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES another nine mlllion, seven hundred thou­ sand acres will be taken out of production, take and disgrace baseball. The President Thursday, August 7, 1969 told me to hang in there, that all Montreal not including scenic trails and wild rivers needed was a little pitching. He said he Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, "The Forest which were the subject of special legislation didn't think it would take me as long to win Industry Today and Tomorrow," was the last year. This will represent a loss, over the at it did in Philadelphia." subject of a speech some time ago by next five years, of almost 31 blllion board Mike Burke, the president of the Yankees, feet. the then-president of U.S. Plywood­ This has taken place while the demand divorced himself from a conversation with Champion Papers, Gene C. Brewer. I be­ Bllly Graham and Bob Carpenter. for wood and paper products continued to "I told Mr. Nixon we missed him at Yankee lieve that all concerned with the timber soar. As far as the forest products industry Stadium," said Burke, one of the hits of last supply and conservation questions should was concerned, our American timber base, winter's sportswriters banquet in Wilming­ know the positions taken, and that the which we tended to regard as a fixed and ton. "The last few years, when he was back speech be included in the RECORD: immu1;able asset was actually shrinking in­ stead. Last week news from Washington in the law business in New York, he came THE FOREST INDUSTRY: TODAY AND TOMORROW to quite a few of the games. I would always made it appear that finally our message was (Remarks by Gene C. Brewer, president, U.S. getting through. put him and Mrs. Nixon in my private box Plywood-Champion Papers, , upstairs, but after a few innings he would On March 19, President Nixon ordered an before the Rocky Mountain Forest Indus­ increase in the sale of timber on publicly get fidgety and go down and sit near our tries Conference, Laramie, Wyo., March 28, dugout. owned lands. The Federal Forest Managers 1969) "Then he would feel guilty and rejoin were told to allow the harvest of publicly his wife. I remember one time he came back Governor Hathaway, distinguished guests, owned t imber to rise by more than one upstairs and somebody hit a long, high fiy ladies and gentlemen. Good afternoon. billion board feet over the next 15 months. that hugged the foul line and he stood and May I express my warmest personal greet­ The President acted primarily in response grabbed a pipe and leaned over the front ings to all here, and extend my sincere to a short supply of lumber, and plywood of the stand, following the filght of the ball. thanks for being invited to address this vital and attendant higher prices which quite We almost lost a president right there." conference. clearly relate to a timber supply problem. When Frank Cashen, vice president of the It is heartening to be among people who And he recognized too that it is indeed Orioles, was introduced by Kuhn, the Presi­ have a positive interest in the timber indus­ possible to boost timber production on Fed­ dent said: "You have nothing to worry about try today, and who are concerned that the eral lands without doing the land or the not with that lead." timber industry will have a tomorrow. In­ forest the slightest harm. "I asked him please not to say anything deed, our industry may be likened to the Mr. Nixon acted well within the boundaries like that," smiled Cashen. The Oriole veeps college president depicted in a recent car­ of Federal precedent. visit was not all pleasure. He noted that the toon in the New Yorker Magazine. It showed Last January 6th, the president's com­ beer of the day was Mlller's. His boss, Jerry his secretary reciting his schedule for the mittee on price stability had recommended Hoffberger also owns National Brewing. day in this fashion: that the executive branch "assist in assuring "You have a confrontation with the trust­ the availability of essential materials at a "But I'm still having a good time," Cashen ees scheduled for ten o'clock. At eleven, you reasonable price, particularly lumber, of insisted. have a confrontation with the student coun­ which the Federal Government, through its As White House receptions go-we guess­ cil, and at twelve you have a confrontation national forests, is a major supplier.'' it was a gas. Toots Shor, the rather hard-to­ with the faculty." Indeed, along these lines, let it be stated take New York celebrity pursuer, went It is very easy for anyone in the timber that the Chief of the Forest Service, our through the reception line twice, looking industry to substitute other nouns for trust­ mutual friend, Mr. Edward P. Cliff, is aware rather the worse for wear. You could hear ees, student council and faculty, and to sym­ that the federal forests are not being utilized Mr. Nixon say to Joe Di Maggio, "how are pathize with that embattled educator. to their fullest. you, Joe?" and this conversation went on for We as an industry are having our share of On November 26, at a hearing of the Smali several minutes. confrontations. They have as much emo­ Business Subcommittee of the House of As Harry Walker, the gabby manager of the tional fervor as those of our youthful pro­ Representatives, Mr. Cliff testified in these Astros neared the platform, Tim testers on college campuses throughout the words: McCarver of the Cardinals called out just nation. And ours are growing in numbers "On National Forest Lands, in the Douglas loud enough "Hey, Harry, don't tell him and in diversity too. Fir Region, for example, preliminary results how to hit, or we'll be here all day." The sort of confrontations the forest in­ of a st udy now under way indicate that the It was generally agreed that Mrs. Jim dustry are embroiled in may have a prece­ annual allowable cut could be substantially Lonborg, miniskirted, beautifully equipped dent in the Greek mythology, which de­ increased gradually over the years. This all around, was the nicest thing to hit the scribes an historic confrontation of another might be done through an annual program White House since Dolly Madison. Lefty sort involving Hercules and a giant named of investing funds to intensify management Grove's wheels gave out and he sat on a blue Antaeus. This giant derived his strength practices such as commercial thinning, pre­ satin chair with an eagle woven into it, right from the earth, and in his wrestling match logging, salvage, reforestation and timber under a portrait of Harry Truman. Grove with Hercules, Antaeus would repeatedly be stand improvement. Much of this would de­ fiashed white socks in the red room. Lloyd hurled to the ground. But each time he pend on an access road system to do t he Waner parked beneath a painting of Marquis touched the earth he would spring up re­ work where and at the time it is needed." de Lafayette. vitalized, ready to renew the battle. Later on in his same testimony, Mr. Cliff Bob Carpenter, Skinner and John Quinn Finally, Hercules had to hold him aloft and added, and again I quote: represented the Phillies. Cashen, Weaver and choke him to death. "In addition to the Douglas Fir supply personnel director were there We, too, like Antaeus, derive our suste­ study still under way, other studies have for the Orioles. You would have thought it nance and our strength from the earth. We been made of investment opportunities on was the lobby. of a World Series hotel. too face strangulation, unless we can re­ national forests throughout the country. · Things were that loose, that baseball-ish. vitalize ourselves through the proper use of They show that allowable cuts could-in The Marine Corps Band played pop music. the land. time-be increased about two-thirds by in­ Even the leader, Capt. Dale Harpham, got For years we hi!-Ve argued that the nation tensifying timber culture on the more pro­ with the relaxed atmosphere. cannot withdraw acre after acre of woodland ductive portions of national forest commer­ "You spell the name like harp played by from the timber ·supply and curtail cutting cial timberlands." a ham," he told us, "I've been in the corps 34: on the remalnaer while continuing to enjo-y So we S'ee that Mr. Nixon, in his laudable years and with 20 years. If I like it an ever-rising degree of wOOd product use. actions, merely acted to avert a short-term 22944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 crisis, and that much remains to be done But there are an equally great number of in public ownership: some 142 million acres over the long term. Meanwhile, our con­ applications of wood that are not visible. and 297 billion cubic feet of growing stock. frontations a.re still with us in various For example, enormous quantities of wood In essence, private industry converts public forms. a.re used in steel making, in coal mining, and timber, owned by all the people, into usefu1 recently devoted by the transportation industry. Without products needed by all the people. about a column to the conservationist cause. woodbase products, operations in these and Further, we are told that one of our criti­ The story cited the fact that howling wolves many other industries would be more costly, cal social needs is to overcome the housing still roamed near Winnipeg, while they have or made more dimcult, or slowed in some deficit in the United States, to replace the been nearly exterminated in the United manner. slums with adequate housing, to withstand States. Every magazine or book you read, every the pressures of population growth by initi­ Its conclusion was that the Canadian situ­ piece of paper you handle in your business, ating new housing starts and by providing ation was the desired one; that America had stems from the tree. We a.re the world's jobs for the people who will form the families failed to achieve appreciation of the value largest paper consuming country-and its who will buy those new houses. of maintaining nature's pristine order. most advanced, and paper use is growing. We are told as well that our nation must That, ladles and gentlemen, is one point omce copying machines alone now use 1.2 rally its economic and sociological genius of view, perhaps an extreme one. And it million tons a year, up from nearly zero a to reverse the outflow of rural population leads back to the question of how we recon­ decade ago. to the urban centers, that we must create cile use of the land we all need for our re­ Curiously enough there is a correlation be­ new towns which will provide new jobs in vitalization without throwing any single in­ tween paper use and a nation's development. rural areas, and that we must strengthen job terest to the wolves. After all, the rational The United States, for instance, has a per opportunities in every hamlet and village use of our nation's forest resources is funda­ capita paper consumption of 540 pounds per to keep the rural population there. mental to the forest industry: today and to­ year. For other advanced countries, such as The figures are startling. In what the New morrow, and thus to the welfare of "'Ur Sweden and , the figure is also high­ York Times calls "a social movement rank­ society. over 300 pounds per capita. ing in American history with the wave of im­ The simplest and clearest articulation of But paper consumption in the Soviet migration from Europe between 1890 and this problem was made by Raphael J. Moses Union is only 42 pounds per person annually. 1930 which brought 22.3 million aliens to our in an article in your most excellent publica­ And in , where paper making began, the shores," it reports that rural population had tion, the University of Wyoming Land and average consumption is estimated at only 6 dropped from 30.5 million in 1940 to 10 mil­ Water Law Review. Mr. Moses defined it this pounds per capita. lion today. Most of these 20 million people way: The timber industry, in a sense, is a who disappeared from the land migrated to steward of these many interests. We have urban areas. And while this migration may "Regardless of the technique employed, it an obligation to make certain that our forest be nearing its end, its effects will be with seems apparent that something should be us from now on. done to restore some measure of balance to resources tomorrow will be adequate to sup­ ply our nation's needs. We are told also that some of the most the public clamor now heard on every !'ide. Incidentally, when we timbermen speak pressing needs of the nation are outdoor rec­ Multiple use proponents have a valid case about our obligation to the future, we are reation: Scenic easements for highways, hik­ to present and it appears they are overcome already hard at work on it. It takes 25 to ing trails, canoe areas and overlooks, and by the popu1ar appeal of the preservationist. 40 years for the seed of 1969 to become a many others. With all of these needs, I agree. The nine hundred and ninety nine who really harvestable tree depending on end use. Right But we are chastized for suggesting that desire multiple purpose use of natural re­ now, when our industry looks to its tomor­ maybe if park areas already owned by the sources need to find spokesmen as eloquent row, it is looking beyond the year 2000, by Federal Government were developed for rec­ as the spokesmen who speak for the single the very nature of the business. The hard reation, there would be no need to withdraw preservationist." economics of plant payout demand long range more land from private ownership. More­ We try. The forest products industry, and planning of the highest order. over we are attacked for urging moderation the forest service, have advanced the concept This obligation we have to the future is in removing commercial timber land from of multiple use as the only way in which the chief reason why the recent actions taken national forest multiple-use administration this nation, with its fixed land base, can by President Nixon which I already have to establish wilderness areas and remote enjoy the forest and obtain at the same time mentioned, while highly to be commended, parks. from it the products our society needs. The are merely a stopgap solution for a pressing In brief, we are assigned the task of meet­ multiple use concept has been enacted into crisis. They do not get at the roots of the ing the material needs of our society on law and declared to be public policy by the problem. Just as we have long-range plans the one hand and damned for doing it on Congress. for growing trees on 30, 40, or 60 year cycles, the other. But we are handicapped in attempting to we must also have a long-range plan which Our highly urbanized society wants all the reach the public with the multiple use con­ will assure a future wood supply. Actually, comforts and conveniences that the tree pro­ cept, because our statements seem to be self this becomes a question of practicing what vides. And, at the same time, it appears to serving. We are at a disadvantage too be­ already exists, namely multiple use of the support those who oppose harvesting trees. cause we are talking to a passing parade and land. We have all been frustrated on this Seemingly, we cannot have it both ways. not a fixed audience. Simply because forests score by a lack of public understanding of But, in fact, we can. We can because we take so long to grow, it is dimcult to show what multiple use means. We must teach the must. people the concrete results of modern forest public by example; by practicing multiple The answer is land use planning of a highly management. use right out in the open. The need has never sophisticated <>rder to achieve the optimum Those of us in the business can remember been greater. Let us look for a moment at returns from our forest resources for the when reforestation was a new concept, back what is involved. maximum number of people. in the '40's. We know of forests once har­ Some arithmetic is sobering. In 1901 there This requires that the desires of a single vested, where the second growth is now were 11 acres of growing trees to supply the group must not be permitted to take prece­ yielding a very satisfactory crop. Unfortu­ per capita needs of a population of 77.5 dence over the total public interest. nately, the general public does not see this. million. At present there are three acres of As I envision the forest of tomorrow-and We must somehow manage to dramatize that growing trees to supply the per capita needs it is already deeply rooted in the actions we this slow process is a real one nevertheless; of 200 million citizens. In the year 2000-that are taking today-! see what would really we must accelerate our attempt to reach this is only 31 years away, less time than it takes be a living "factory". I see this living "fac­ passing parade, to get our message across. a tree to grow-it is estimated that there will tory" as constantly renewing itself, under And we must include as part of our mes­ be only 1.5 acres of growing trees to supply man's prudent management, and yielding its sage the fact that if the withdrawals of land the per capita needs of more than 300 mil­ line of "products"-wood, water, wildlife and continue this can ultimately work only to the lion people. recreation. These "products," under careful disadvantage of our civilization and will Stated differently, the situation ca.n be stewardship, will never run out, never su1Ier erode our high standard of living. We must summed up like this: As population in­ a shortage of materials or market glut or any remember that, like Antaeus, our fountain­ creases, the available supply shrinks, but of the other plagues which hamper most head is the land. That simple factor is not needs expand. man-made factories. widely recognized at all. It should be. Let To meet the future's needs is a rigorous That's because these living "factories", us take a moment to look at the role that challenge for the timber industry. We are after all, were made by the SUpreme Creator. the tree plays in our everyday lives-in the expected to provide the basic commodities­ As Bruce Bacton once reminded us, "11' the everyday lives of our 200 million fellow citi­ lumber, plywood, furniture, pulp and paper tree were invented today, it would be con­ zens. This is well known to us in the industry products, cellulose, chemicals, naval stores, sidered the miracle of the ages." That is al­ but bears reporting. you name it, essential for the welfare of all together fitting, because the inventor of the There are more than five thousand prod­ our people. This is the role we have assumed tree is indeed the Creator of all miracles. ucts in everyday use in which wood plays a in the free enterprise system, and the people Following that premise I believe that God, major role. Some of these products are easily expect us to fulfill that role. in His infinite wisdom, created the land, as visible-lumber and plywood for homes, of­ The government expects us to fulfill that well as the tree, for use by all. I can't believe fices, schools, churches and commercial build­ role, too. Because we are the outlet for the the Lord and Nature gave us the tree with ings. commercial timber resources of our nation its unique and unmatched characteristics, August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22945 without intending that its benefits be avail­ We realize that we must make the best an American to state. Nevertheless, it is able to all the people. possible use of every acre. We realize that to highly gratifying to see a citizen of West That, gentlemen, is multiple use. It has a meet the obligation of the future we must Germany appraise our policies so highly. precedent stretching back to the beginning spend large sums on research, to make dras- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ of man. It would be foolhardy to try to repeal tic improvements in the growth per acre of sent that the article by George Brada, it now. wood. Multiple use has no greater friend than the we are doing this, through the develop- entitled "The Policy of Superiority and forest products industry. This is a matter of ment of better seed, and fertilization. We are Humanity," be printed in the Extensions well established record. choosing our growth sites as scientifically as of Remarks. As an industry, we welcome the camper, we can, with the view of waiting not 40 years There being no objection, the article the hiker, the hunter, the fisherman, the for the harvest but possibly 30 or even less. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, beauty seekers, the botanist, the bird watch­ In short-while nature has given us a as follows: er, and even the sun bather. We make them "miracle" of Bruce Barton's--we must con- all welcome, even though we know there are tinue to improve on it. THE "POLICY OF SUPERIORITY AND HUMANITY" hazards involved. We are, whether we like Furthermore, we recognize that to fulfill (By George Brada) it or not, in the recreation business, too. our function we must use every tree to its A NEW ERA These objectives are also a part of the land fullest potential-we must determine its The American landing on the moon has management practices of both the Forest highest end use and process accordingly. • started a new era for the world; and it has Service and the Bureau of Land Manage­ We also recognize that we have additional initiated necessarily a new policy for the ment. They make sense. They afford the obligations-to our employees, our customers, United States and the Free World. means to enable the land, the natural re­ our shareholders as well as to the society to The new policy's n ame is obviously the source, to yield the most benefit to the max­ which we all belong. As part of this obliga- "policy of superiority." imum number of people. tion, we must use the latest in market and The American conquest of the moon means Still, this is not widely understood. What product research techniques, to make sure that the United States has reached visibly a must be done then to gain the understand­ that we are serving our markets as they wish superiority in science. And under President ing the timber industry needs for its to­ to be served. , America has reached also a morrow? Where research is concerned, I am already superiority in the political field. This superi­ First, we need a much wider public un­ on record as favoring a system whereby a ority in science and in politics has its coun­ derstanding and appreciation that the for­ portion of the receipts from sales of national terparts in America's technological, economic, est is a renewable natural resource, that forest timber would be set aside for this pur- military, moral, and spiritual superiority. trees grow and that they respond to cul­ pose. Such a proposal has aroused some The new "policy of superiority and hu- ture, that trees can be harvested and re­ industry opposition, but I still favor it. manit y" will be applied necessarily also to- seeded or replanted without damaging the In summary then in my view the posture wards the Communist countries. It is going on-going continuity of the forest. for tomorrow's timber industry runs like to displace the former policies of "bridge­ This fact cannot be overstated. Coal, oil, this: The knowledge that we as a nation are building," "detente," "peaceful coexistence," iron ore, copper, natural gas-these and all irrevocably linked to the land; the knowledge " peaceful competition" "confrontation", our other minerals-are resources which, once that the land must be put to its highest use "containment", "cold war", and even the depleted are gone. But the forest responds for the benefit of the majority of the popu- original " policy of liberation"--or, better to cultivation. Moreover, the practice of for­ lation; the knowledge that just as govern- said, it is going to modify and combine them estry restores beauty to the land. No other ment has obligations to the private sector, so from the standpoint of a superior thinking natural resource provides beauty at the same does our industry have obligations to society and reason, a superior political and humane time it provides for the general welfare. Sec­ as a whole, and to itself as well. Together morale. ond, we must stress that trees, as living with government we are the stewards for to- The "policy of superiority and humanity" things, are subject to natural enemies. You morrow's forests providing wildlife, water and means that, at the end, Communism will be know far better than I, the problem of loss of recreation, the products of nature's living dissolved and abolished without war. timber to beetle infestation and other dis­ factory. ease. It is particularly acute here in the Finally, we cannot lock up our natural THE "POLICY OF COMMUNISM" Rocky Mountain States. resources and treat them as dusty museum In a 100 % opposition to the "policy of su- For example, a recent letter from the act­ pieces. To do so is to doom our civilization to periority and humanity" stands the "policy ing superintendent of Yellowstone Park in­ strangulation, just as surely as Hercules of communism," preached in and outside the dicates that on the basis of aerial surveys, lifted Antaeus from the land, and thereby U.S.A. there are about 111,280 acres of bark beetle destroyed him. We can and we must manage The "policy of communism" demands that infestation affecting one billion-700 million that priceless heritage, the land and its for- tho United Sta tes share its scientific and eco­ board feet of timber. He estimates that of ests in such a way that the needs of all our nomic wealth with the other nations, includ­ this infestation, approximately 100 million people are served. We must maintain con- ing the Communist States while neglecting board feet will probably suffer extensive tact with all users of our forests and recon- its own strong position which had made that damage. clle our viewpoint. A tall order-you bet it wealth possible; that the United States I cite this, not to open the highly contro­ is-let's get on with it. It is our responsibility finance all poor people whose numbers are versial subject of whether or not harvesting to do just that. rapidly increasing, while neglecting the pur- operations should be allowed in national suance of the progress of its science and its parks. Rather, my point is that here in own security; that the United States soft­ Wyoming "preserved" for all the public to see pedal its scientific progress inside and out­ is a great object lesson in what happens to a THE LANDING ON THE MOON side the military field and make agreements forest resource when you do not practice to restrain its scientific talents to the level forestry. of the Communist States or even under this Earlier I mentioned land use planning. The HON. STROM. THURMOND level; that the United States work to the aim timber industry, under the auspices of the OF SOUTH CAROLINA of leveling and mixing of all people, nations National Forest Products Association, took and races in one common , communist Amer­ the lead last fall in sponsoring a seminar on IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ica and world. land and the American people. It was at­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 At present, the t hree or four practical pro­ tended by representatives of nearly 50 land­ posals which we hear most often from the based industries, educators, land authorities, Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the adherents of the " policy of communism" are: government officials and individuals. landing on the moon by two U.S. astro­ America should not promote so much its Out of these discussions came the recom­ nauts has given new hope to the peoples space exploration but rather help the poor; mendation that a national land use institute of the world for decisive American lead­ America should not try to defeat the Com­ be established as a means toward better pub­ ership. The general acclaim which this munists in Vietman and America should not lic understanding of the U.S. land base and build any ABM system but rather develop a its relationship to the public interest. I sup­ feat met in nearly all corners of the world welfare program for the poor; America should port it personally, and I commend it to is evidence that men everywhere appre­ undertake future space exploration and other everyone here. ciate a forceful and forward-looking pol­ scientific projects in common work with It is a difficult job to create that under­ icy under American leadership. Typical of Communist Russia. standing. Some seventy per cent of our popu­ these responses is an article published in In the meantime, however, the Soviet lation now lives on two per cent of the land. Germany by the editor of the Czech Union is arming and promoting its science, As families have moved away from the land, newspaper Ceske Listy, George Brada. while completely and absolutely neglecting they have lost sight of the fact that land Dr. Brada is a commentator who is ex­ the poor-the whole nation of the USSR-in productivity is basic to the functioning of order to conquer and to subjugate all man­ our economic system. Somehow we must re- tremely well versed in American affairs kind. The Soviet Union wants to tie Ameri­ establish that understanding. and is a great friend of the United States can hands by various treaties but itself vio­ At the same time we strive for that under­ and all that we stand for. lates any treaty when it its interest. standing, we must stress that we as an indus­ In his article, Dr. Brada makes obser­ Yes, the Communists also have and pro­ try have willlngly shouldered our obligations. vations which would be too immodest for fess a superiority: the superiority in in- 22946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 trigues, espionage, false , a su­ And the nations of the world, those free _izen's basic right to due process of law. periority in inhumanity. Their main domain and those enslaved by Communism, know it. within the free countries is-logically­ A detainee under title II receives no trial; propaganda in newspapers and on television, he cannot question his accusers. Burden and schemes in political and econom.ic life. EMERGENCY DET~ON CAMPS of proof is upon the accused rather than THE "POLICY OF SUPERIORITY AND HUMANITY" the Government, and the Attorney Gen­ eral is not even required to produce evi­ Let us return to the new "policy of su­ periority and humanity" which has been HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. · dence used to hold the detainee. started in the United States under Richard OF CALIFORNIA It is in no way consistent with the American democratic tradition to allow Nixon. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This policy means that America-ap­ such a law to remain on the books at plauded by all freedom-loving men and na­ Wednesday, , 1969 a time when rational examination is tions-is going to make a great progress in Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. possible. Until now it has never been the scientific and technological field (while Speaker, last month the California con­ necessary to enforce the McCarran Act, excluding also all espionage and other shar­ and there has been no chance to prove ing of scientific know-how with the Com­ vention of the B'nai B'rith Women took munists). a strong stand against the detention it unconstitutional. Must we wait until America will give assistance to others_. camp provisions of the 1950 Internal even one American has suffered a loss but exactly from its position of strength Security Act--the McCarran Act. I would of his rights under this law before we and unbridled superiority. Only this makes like to insert in the RECORD that thought­ abolish it as a threat to the freedom and such a help possible in the long run. And ful resolution at this point for the benefit security of all Americans? Americans will encourage, not only in the of all my colleagues: United States itself but also in all other free nations, the spirit of initiative, enterprise, RESOLUTION ON DETENTION CAMP PROVISIONS self-help, independence, freedom, superior­ OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT ity and humanity. LEGISLATION TO PROVIDE FOR Whereas, Title II of the Internal Security NEEDED RESEARCH INTO NATURE The "policy of superiority and humanity" Act of 1950 authorizes the creation of emer­ Will use East-West trade, cultural and other gency detention camps and empowers the OF SEVERE WEATHER exchanges, travels and visits so that it will Attorney General, without due process, to serve the interests of the Free World. detain therein American citizens suspected of The scientific progress demanded by the rebellion or insurrection in "aid of a foreign HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER "policy of superiority and humanity" is not enemy"; and OF KANSAS identical with huge armaments. On the con­ Whereas, the National Jewish Community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trary. The policies of President Richard M. Relations Advisory Council, of which B'nai Thursday, August 7, 1969 Nixon are the classic example: He wants to B'rith and the Anti-Defamation League are test new scientific devices on small projects members, opposed and continued to oppose Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, violent like the "Safeguard", and not build big ar­ said Internal Security Act as undesirable weather has been with us from the be­ maments which can get obsolete. legislat ion which is repugnant to constitu­ And one day, there will be a great break­ ginning of time. In Kansas, during the tional guarantees and the philosophy of a late spring and early summer months, through in science (even outside the Inilitary free society; and whereas, our experiences field) which will enable America to exhort as Americans and as Jews with such con­ it is not uncommon to have a tornado the Communist countries to give freedom to centration camps and the concepts of pre­ watch every night for a week at a time. their subjects and to end the armament sumed guilt because of ethnic or racial re­ Like others who face the threat of hur­ race. Only this will be a real disarmament. ricanes and tropical storms, Kansans There is no other kind of disarmament pos­ lationships impel us to be unalterably sible. opposed to such provision for detention even have learned to live with the reality of in emergency situations; and severe weather. Because we must be clear on one point: Whereas, there are pending in the Congress It is World Communism, it is the military Simply learning to live with the prob­ of the United States bills to repeal Title II lem is not enough; therefOTe, I am in­ might of the otherwise poor Soviet Union of the Internal Security Act of 1950; which presently forces the mankind to di­ troducing legislation that would increase vert huge amounts of material resources Now, therefore, be it resolved, that B'nai our knowledge of the nature of severe into armaments. The existence of Commu­ B'rith Women, District Four, in Convention assembled, wholeheartedly supports legisla­ weather, develop methods of detection nism is thus the biggest obstacle preventing and early warning, and establish a na­ us from helping the poor. tion to repeal Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950 as violative of the constitutional tional severe storms service as a part NO DOUBT WHO WILL WIN guarantees and judicial traditions that are of the Weather Bureau. Thus the fight goes on presently-inside basic to our democratic way of life, and spe­ In the 4-year period 1964 to 1967, tor­ and outside the United States-between the cifically supports S. 4270, and H. 4497-4500, nados and related severe weather re­ "policy of superiority and humanity" and which would repeal said Title II; and sulted in the loss of 789 lives and more the "policy of communism". Be it further resolved, that each B'nai than $2 billion worth of property There is no doubt about the outcome of B'rit h member in the states in this District this fight. be urged to write her Senator and Congress­ damage. Tornados have ripped through The progress of the American pioneer man to oppose this type of legislation; and all 50 States and interrupted countless human spirit, the progress of the superiority Be it finally resolved, that copies of this lives. Severe weather is indeed a na­ o! the human spirit and of humanity cannot resolution be sent to each United States Sen­ tional problem. be halted by the Communists. ator and Congressman of the States com­ Last night at least eight tornados raked This development cannot be halted. And posing District Four. the lake-dotted resort country of north­ as it goes on, the Communists will lose more Adopted this 2nd day of July, 1969, Beverly ern Minnesota leaving an estimated 16 and more their false faith; and the freedom­ Hills, California. dead and at least 100 injured. One of the loving people will win more and more self­ Already this session I have sponsored twisters ripped through a church camp confidence, firmness, courage and the feel­ killing at least four. ing of superiority of their spirit and morale. legislation-H.R. 11373-to repeal title Our knowledge about the nature of Thus Communism will fade away spiritually II of the act. The section authorizes de­ before it will die materialy. tornados and hurricanes is very limited. tention during a presidentially declared Our method for detecting severe weather The American superiority, representing internal security emergency of any per­ the spiritual superiority of the Free World­ are imprecise. And the system we use to the superiority in science, technology, econ­ son, based only on "reasonable ground warn citizens of impending severe weath­ omy, politics, in the military field, in morale, to believe that such person probably will er is only partially effective. engage in, or probably will conspire with 1 justice and humanity itself-will finally Until the day comes when we can con­ bring about the dissolution of Communism others to engage in acts of espionage or trol our weather, prediction and detec­ without war, the correct arrangement of re­ of sabotage." tion of violent weather, coupled with an lations between nations and races, and the This act, written at a time when the advanced warning system, is the best help to those who need it. American people were caught up with The American success is a success of the means we have to limit the disruption whole mankind. The step to the moon is also fear and hatred of the unfamiliar, re­ caused by severe weather. Lives can be a step to the preservation of freedom of the :tlects that irrational mood. It is totali­ saved if the warning is sounded early. free nations, and a step to the liberation of tarian, denying principles of freedom up­ The importance of developing new and Czechoslovakia and all other subjugated on which our Nation was founded. No improved means of storm detection nations. provision in the act guarantees a cit- warning systems cannot be over-em- ·August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22947 phasized. The value can be measured in that the Senate will accept the work of could become a sad and costly memory lives saved. this body. if the Council's endless second-guessing I urge prompt consideration and early Tax justice has been long in coming to continues. passage of this legislation which would those who provide the bulk of the Fed­ fund needed research into the nature of eral budget. Now, I would hope that we TAX REFORMS FEARED severe weather. A national severe storms will substantially cut the remaining ap­ INFLATIONARY service with a division for tornado detec­ propriation bills that come to us for ap­ tion and warning would help upgrade proval. The recent announcement that existing weather forecasting faciliti~. we are enjoying a $3 billion sur­ HON. JAMES B. UTT It is time that we turned our attention plus should motivate the Congress to OF CALIFORNIA to this critical national concern and face find more ways to trim expenditures. So IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the problem head on. I feel that such a far this year I have voted for every re­ research effort would be warranted and committal motion to send appropria­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 could result in the saving of lives and tion bills back to committee for cuts. In­ Mr. U'IT. Mr. Speaker, I wish to in­ property. flation feeds on overspending, and not clude the editorial by Columnist David The "twister" that carried Dorothy to undertaxation. Mr. Speaker, we must Lawrence, which appeared in the Wash­ the Land of Oz was a harmless element establish priorities in all of our pro­ ington Evening Star of August 6, in the of a famous fairy tale. The tornados and grams, both foreign and domestic. CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD. storms, such as the ones in Minnesota Mr. Lawrence presents an analysis of last night, ate anything but harmless the inflationary effects of the tax reform and very, very real. measure, which should be widely read The time has come for application of SUBWAY PLANS COULD ONLY by the people. He clearly sets forth the space-age technology to the down-to­ BE SAD MEMORY impact on the national economy which earth problem of severe weather. this hurriedly written bill will have un­ HON. DON FUQUA less it is amended by the Senate. Mr. Lawrence's column follows: OF COWGER VOTES TAX CUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TAX REFORMS FEARED INFLATIONARY (By David ~wrence) Thursday, August 7, 1969 Instead of curbing inflation, the new tax HON. WILLIAM 0. COWGER Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, I am con­ bill prepared by the House Ways and Means OF KENTUCKY vinced that for the Nation's Capital to Committee may prove a stimulus for added IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES function properly, it is absolutely neces­ inflation. · Thursday, August 7, 1969 sary that the city have adequate access The purpose of the "tax reform" was sup­ for employees who work here, for visitors posed to be to equalize the burden as be­ Mr. COWGER. Mr. Speaker, today I tween the very rich and the middle-income who stop here, for residents who live brackets and to give tax relief to the low­ voted with the majority to pass the most here, and for travelers who make their comprehensive tax reform measure income group. But the net result will be to way through the area. boost the amounts that millions of citizens enacted in almost 60 years. I wish to As a Member of Congress having legis­ will have available for spending. commend the House Ways and Means lative responsibility for the Nation as a The tax increases that have been recom­ Committee for its diligent work during whole and as a local resident of this met­ mended will affect mostly individuals with these past 6 months in providing us with ropolitan area for the major part of the large incomes, businesses and institutions a bill that will give tax relief to the low­ year, I am doubly concerned over the which normally provide the savings that flow and middle-income taxpayer. Substan­ present critical freeway impasse. into capital investments. The new tax bill tial aid is given to those at and near the cuts personal taxes by $9.2 billion. As a legislator, I am very disturbed by The bulk of the reduction-more than 50 poverty level with relief to the middle­ the fact that a loud minority resorting to percentr--goes to taxpayers with incomes be­ income group by increasing the stand­ threats has caused the City Council to low $15,000. Thus, more money will be put ard deduction percentage. The 368-page blatantly ignore the unequivocal voice of into the pockets of millions of individuals reform package also abolishes some tax Congress, which has directed the city to with low or moderate incomes who typically privileges enjoyed by special groups. The build the Three Sisters Bridge. The spend the greater part of their income. This repeal of the 7-percent investment credit Council's Monday morning quarterbacks means that more goods will be purchased, should help to slow down the inflationary are now floundering. The resulting loss and demand will be substantially increased. spiral. Certainly a cut in the oil deple­ When this happens, prices invariably go up, of time and the taxpayers' money will too. tion allowance and restrictions on ac­ have its worst effect ultimately on all the Reforms in personal taxes will increase the celerated depreciation of real estate were residents and businesses of the District rates to be paid by individuals with incomes much needed reforms. As the former of Columbia, who would otherwise stand above $15,000, and this will furnish the U.S. mayor of one of our largest cities, I am to be the greatest beneficiaries of rapid Treasury with $1.4 billion more than it col­ against the curb put on tax exempt mu­ rail transit construction and better road lected before. nicipal bonds. This could, in my opinion, accessibility. Other tax reforms, together with repeal of stifle the capital growth of many of our I readily come to one obvious conclu­ the 7 percent investment credit, will impose cities. However, I feel that I must vote on institutions and businesses taxes amount­ sion: If traffic continues to build up at ing to $5.4 billion. for and support the full package. the rate it has in the past 4 or 5 years, The whole measure means a net loss of Mr. Speaker, yesterday I voted against even an elaborate rapid transit system revenue to the U.S. Treasury of about $2.4 the closed rule which was passed 265- such as Metro cannot be expected to cope billion. 145. I felt that it was unfair to tack on ·with travel needs to and from the Dis­ But the figure on which to focus atten­ the surtax extension to this reform bill~ I trict in the latter 1970's and in the 1980's tion is the $9.2 billion in tax benefits to be voted against the 10-percent income sur­ without additional river crossings. Bridge given to persons in the low and middle in­ tax last year and again this year. It is come brackets. construction is unavoidable. Delay in There is, of course, a possibility that the unwise to try to control inflation through bridge construction now could doom the Senate will make some changes in the new taxation when excessive spending con­ present attempt to build a subway. Sub­ tax bill and will try to balance the losses tinues abated. urban jobs for District residents would against the gains. The important factor is the I am proud to be a Member of Con­ then become hopelessly remote in tomor­ way in which the tax reductions are distrib­ gress and to have had a part in passing row's tighter and tighter traffic jams. uted, and how the rates are revised so as tax relief legislation for the average tax­ And the region would never benefit from to permit more and more spending by a larger paying citizen. After 6 hours of debate thousands of jobs directly attributable to number of citizens. and 6 months of preparation, I think subway construction and those generated Unfortunately, the tax reform bill was written in a hurry, and its provisions were that this bill is a good one that should by the development which is certain to based largely upon political considerations. be concurred in by the Senate. It is the follow the subway's construction. It is not often that Congress has a chance in House's constitutional prerogative to ini­ Metro is ready to become a reality if the year before any election to vote benefits tiate tax legislation and I would hope the Three Sisters Bridge is started; it to the taxpayers. But this kind of politics OXV--1446-Part 17 22948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 will be far less beneficial next year if Amer­ It is startling that we have not elimi­ dent Thieu. And Americans at home were ica. is still in the midst of an infiationary nated such long-recognized, and entirely amazed to hear that the Vietnam debacle cycle that puts a squeeze on the pocketbook preventable, occupational illness, at the is their finest hour after being told days be­ because prices will have advanced faster than fore that there would be no more Vietnams. incomes. same time that we are faced with a The ambiguity of Vietnam policy was fur­ On its face, the House blll is inflationary, changing industrial situation that daily ther emphasized at home by figures which but there is no way to know what the full presents new problems of worker health show that there are more American troops effect will be until early in 1970. Meanwhile, and safety. there now than when President Nixon took it may be wondered whether the Senate, My State of New York has an excel­ office, despite the much-publicized withdraw­ which often shows itself to be more conserva­ lent occupational health and safety pro­ als. tive in its judgment than the House, will re­ gram and the occupational safety and While Americans were preoccupied with examine the House measure and take a look health plan proposed by the President Vietnam, the President emphasized in his at the problem of income distribution. would be coordinated with outstanding visits in . and his willingness As an anti-inflation measure, Congress in­ for neutral powers to pursue their own course creased taxes in 1968 by the enactment of etiorts such as these. Where adequate without outside interference. To nations the 10 percent surcharge, which is to be con­ efforts are not being carried out at pres­ which remembered the previous Republican tinued through this year. After that, in 1970, ent, however, improvements are needed administration's hostility toward neutralism, it appears that Congress not only will end to reduce the Occupational hazards for this could have only been welcome en­ the surcharge but will give additional tax American workers. This is the goal of couragement. cuts. Then the only remaining force restrain­ the President's recommendations. The Rumanian visit seemed to be a cal­ ing inflation will be "tight money," based culated diplomatic gamble. While it ruf­ upon raising the interest rates so as to dis­ fled the Soviet Union, it was a signal to the courage many forms of production, particu­ increasingly independent Communist na­ larly in the construction field. But it may be VIETNAM PROBLEM REMAINS tions that the United States is ready and that mortgage money for new homes, even AFTER PRESIDENT'S TRIP willing to promote good relations between though more expensive, will be sought just the East and West. the same by many citizens of middle and The visit may result in the future in the low income who are benefiting from tax re­ HON. JOE L. EVINS relaxation of trade barriers and other efforts duction. OF TENNESSEE at cooperation, not only by Rumania. but What is surprising is that no scientific other Eastern European Communist nations. study of the impact of tax changes on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It was, at any rate, a. signal that an American national economy seems to have been made Thursday, August 7, 1969 President with a. reputation for before Congress delved into the whole sub­ anti-communism is using a more moderate ject. The rates of all classes have been tam­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, approach. pered with to a large extent without regard President Nixon has just concluded an The Russian response to this is still to be to relationships to the problem of inflation. Asian trip and concluded with a visit seen in the coming talks on disa.rmamen t The House bill, designed by Democrats, is to Communist Rumania. and the possiblllty of easing East-West ten­ devoted primarily to what would appear on The President had a number of con­ sions. The Soviet Union has been sounding the surface, at lea.st, to be good politics. But ferences, issued several statements on the more friendly, but in their view they have the new tax bill may turn out to be just the seen President Nixon trafficking with a satel­ opposite--bad politics-because the inflation­ trip and received a favorable reception Ute nation and, at home, pushing for a. new ary pressures on wages and prices now will in many areas. weapons system in the arms race. be stimulated rather than restrained. However, as he returned to the White The circle of the globe may, in the com­ House, his major problem remains. The ing months, bring results and new directions continues and the North in foreign pol1cy. For the moment, however, Vietnamese in Paris remain adamant in it produced no answer for the President's CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL their refusal to enter into meaningful most overriding problem, the dilemma of SAFETY AND HEALTH negotiations. Vietnam. In this connection and because of the interest of my colleagues and the HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. American people in this most important FROM THE WRIGHT BROTHERS TO OF NEW YORK subject, I place herewith in the RECORD THE MOON-A SALUTE TO NORTH an editorial from the Nashville Ten­ CAROLINA'S CONTRIDUTION TO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AVIATION AND SPACE EXPLORA­ Wednesday, August 6, 1969 nessean of August 5, 1969. The editorial follows: TION Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the com­ VIETNAM DILEMMA LINGERS AFTER prehensive safety and health plan which PRESIDENT'S TRIP HON. NICK GALIFIANAKIS the President has presented to the Con­ President Nixon has ended his around-the­ OF NORTH CAROLINA gress should receive our careful con­ world trip, leaving in his wake some nagging sideration. American workers today are questions and confusion about Asian policy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exposed to new hazards about which and only faint glimmers of hope for im­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 little is known-and yet thousands are proved relations with the Communist bloc. Mr. GALIFIANAKIS. Mr. Speaker, still suffering from age-old scourges of The President's friendly reception abroad was, to a. great extent, the product of the throughout aviation's brief but glorious occupational disease whose danger, and successful landing of men on the moon. It history, North Carolina has made many prevention have been understood for was proof that the epic space voyage has contributions, and I take special pride years. increased American prestige in the world's in noting today that the relationship Silicosis must have amicted even the eye, and the President's desire to use the between the Tar Heel State and the age Egyptians who quarried stones for the leverage in foreign policy is understandable. of aeronautics in this era of space explo­ pyramids. In the middle ages, it was Such prestige, however, can quickly be ration is as close and harmonious and recognized as the special disease of overshadowed by events on the earth, and the President leit no clear impression about fruitful as ever. grinders. And yet, over 3,000 silicosis how he intends to cope with those events. Just as North Carolinians for six dec­ cases were reported last year, from ex­ In his now-famous nonquotable press con­ ades have had a hand in the development posure to free silica, the major ingredient ference on , the President outlined a. of aviation, North Carolinians are doing of all rocks, soils, sands, and clay. Every policy of self-help for Asian nations, stressing their share in the space effort, and cer­ year, millions of dollars are paid in com­ U.S. reluctance to become involved in an­ tainly few would question that "Tar pensation for this single occupational other Vietnam unless nuclear powers were Heel" tracks lead directly to the moon. ailment. involved. But almost immediately, he was in Thai­ North Carolina's flight partnership Mercury is a well-known industrial land with what seemed like a. pledge to sup­ goes back to that December day in 1903 poison which 30 years ago commonly port the Thais against internal, as well as when Wilbur and Orville Wright used a caused disease among felt hat makers. external, aggression. With some 40,000 Carolina sand dune to launch the aero­ Today, mercury compounds are no longer American troops in -double the nautical age. Twenty years later, from a initial U.S. commitment in Vietnam-this used in hatmaking, but new uses and seemed to have ominous overtones. landing field in the same county, Brig. new combinations of the chemical, and From there it wa.s only a. short trip to Sai­ Gen. Billy Mitchell demonstrated the a failure to apply known protective meas­ gon, where President Nixon lent moral sup­ effectiveness of airpower by bombing ures, otier hazards in other occupations. port to the badly-stained regime of Presi• battleships oti the North Carolina coast. August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22949 In two world wars, North Carolinians Sperry-Rand Electro-Com.P(>fients of National Book Award ceremonies by proved the value of airpower, and pio­ Durham, Burlington Industries, Cornell­ more than 200 authors, publishers and neered in its development. Dubilier of Fuquay, Wilmore Electronics critics declared the United States was, Young Kiffin Y. Rockwell, a Tar Heel of Durham, and Corning Glass of and I quote, "secure enough in its demo­ pilot who died in combat le.ss than 13 Raleigh. cratic values," and urging abolition of years after the Wright brothers soared I am sure that my colleagues join me immigration restrictions against for­ into history, was the first member of the in saluting these Tar Heel contributors eigners on the basis of dissenting polit­ famed Escadrille Lafayette to shoot to our space program, and I am certain ical views. down an enemy plane. my colleagues will understand why I am Mr. Speaker, I am introducing today a And in World War II, Col. George V. filled with more than lyric pride when­ bill to amend the Immigration and Na­ Holloman made significant break­ ever I point to a full and radiant ''Caro­ tionality Act by repealing section 212 throughs in developing automatic devices lina Moon." (a) <28) and section 241 <6>. These for airplane control, while his fellow two subsections provide, respectively, for Carolinian, Maj. Gen. William C. Lee, prevention of entry and deportation on organized the Army's airborne units. BREAK DOWN OUR ffiON CURTAIN the grounds of a person's past or present As North Carolinians have advanced membership in certain organizations, or, the eause of aviation, so have they ad­ HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER more nebulously, their past or present vanced the course of interplanetary ex­ OF NEW YORK allegiance to certain beliefs. This in­ ploration. cludes members of the Communist Party Batteries manufactured in Raleigh by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and affiliated or front organizations, the Exide Missile & Electronics Divi­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 members and associates of any other sion of ESB, Inc., supplied the packaged Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, last Feb­ totalitarian government, and anarchists. power in the command and service ­ ruary, this country was once again em­ The inappropriateness of such a re­ ules of the Apollo moon vehicles and barrassed by the State Department's re­ striction is emphasized by our exchange their boosters. Other ESB bat­ fusal, on security grounds, to allow Mr. agreements regarding visitors from teries were aboard the Carlos Fuentes, a leading Mexican novel­ Eastern European countries. The com­ space probes which sent back the ist long identified with leftist causes, to bined effect of these agreements and sec­ amazingly detailed photographs of . enter this country. In this particular in­ tion 212(a) (28) is to make it easier for Today, technicians among ESB's 400 cident, Mr. Fuentes was traveling by Soviet and satellite nationals to visit our Raleigh employees are engaged in re­ passenger ship from ::Sarcelona, Spain to country than it is for citizens of unortho­ search and development of batteries to Veracruz, Mexico. The ship docked at dox political views from free world coun­ power even more spectacular missions in San Juan, P.R., and Mr. Fuentes, on pre­ tries. In 1967, just 2,000 of the approxi­ the solar system. paring to leave, was met by immigration mately 3,000 "28" cases, as they are At least 20 North Carolina-based in­ officials who tore up his transit card and, known in the State Department, whore­ dustries are making notable contribu­ Mr. Fuentes reported, treated him "like ceived waivers allowing them to come tions to the space program. Among them a common criminal." The Justice Depart­ here were from the Soviet Union, Poland, are: ment later said that the author had been Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and A-B Emblem Corp. of Weavervill, denied entry because he is an "unde­ Bulgaria. which produced the insignia worn by sirable alien," and declined to explain The Immigration and Nationality Act the crew. further. Mr. Fuentes has been refused a provides ample protection against un­ Riegel Paper Co.'s Industrial Products visitor's visa in the past on the grounds desirable aliens, without the subsections Division of Matthews, whi<'.b. produced that he was a possible Communist. which my bill would repeal. Elimination a stainless steel and plastic laminate for This latest incident has been met with of these subsections would in no way heat resistance aboard the Apollo outrage in literary, academic, and inter­ enqanger the security of this country. capsule. national circles. In a highly critical edi­ This is not my opinion alone. Let me other industries have produced space torial, the New York Times commented: quote briefly from a letter written in needs ranging from electronic parts to One sure way to tarnish the United States by the then Under Sec­ textile and fiber materials. 1s for some bureaucrat to decide that a writer, retary of State Nicholas deB. Katzenbach North Carolinians have taught the painter or other artist is an "undesirable to Senator WILLIAM FuLBRIGHT, chair­ astronauts, including , alien" because of his works or beliefs. Po­ man of the Senate Foreign Relations liticizing literature is a common practice celestial navigation at the University of for authoritarian governments; it should not Committee: North Carolina's Morehead Planetarium become one for this country. We do not believe that section 212(a) (28) in Chapel Hill. NASA receives appreci­ makes any substantial contribution to the • able aid in the form of research projects Mr. William D. Rogers, former head of internal security of the United States. To be at North Carolina State University and the Alliance for Progress and now pres­ sure, selectivity may be exercised under sec­ Duke University. ident of the Center for Inter-American tion 212(a) (28) in determining which of the On a mountaintop in isolated Transyl­ Relations, wrote to Secretary of State aliens falling within the categories enumer­ I ated therein are to be admitted under wa.iv­ vania County, more than 450 miles across William P. Rogers that, and quote: ers and which are to be excluded. Section 212 Tarheelia from the birthplace of powered The notion that Fuentes's presence among (a) (27) and 212(a) (29), however, are more :flight, data from space satellites is gath­ us could in any sense damage our national directly aimed at preventing the entry of in­ ered by NASA from its mammoth track­ interest is unworthy of serious discussion. dividuals who present any substantial threat ing station. To the contrary, it is his rejection which will to the national security. Subsection (2'7) pro­ cause us immense harm. It will be inter­ hibits the issuance of a visa to any alien who Apart from the products and services preted by the youth and intellectual com­ the consular officer or Attorney General has which bear a distinct "made in North munity in Latin America as meaning that reason to believe is entering "solely, princi­ Carolina label," the State has made not­ our commitment to free expression is su­ pally, or incidentally to engage in activities able contributions in space leadership. perficial and will confirm the impression to which would be prejudicial to the public in­ NASA laid claim to two who have taken some that we are timid and fearful of crit­ terest, or endanger the welfare, safety, or se­ prominent positions in the space pro­ icism of Latin-American writers. curity of the United States." Subsection (29) gram-Oxford's James Webb and Char­ Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Mr. Fuen­ bars entry to all aliens who the consular offi­ lotte's Julian Scheer. tes' U.S. publishers, called the act "ab­ cer or Attorney General has reason to believe would engage in activity "subversive to the Mr. Speaker, "We the People of North solutely outrageous." Columbia Univer­ national security" or who would "participate carolina," the official publication of the sity officials, who have invited Mr. in the activities" of any subversive organiza­ North Carolina Citizens Association, lists Fuentes to lecture there next year, pro­ tion. These specific provisions, which impose eight industries in my district alone tested to Attorney General Mitchell. an ineligibility that may not be wa.ived, ap­ which currently produce products for the Telegrams and letters to high Govern­ pear to provide ample protection :for the space effort. In addition to ESB, these ment officials are reported to have been national security without affecting, as section are Payne & Associates of Raleigh, sent by a number of literary organiza­ 212(a) (28) does, the travel of a host of in­ mM of the Research Triangle Park, tions, including a resolution signed at the dividuals whose purpose is entirely innocen-t; 22950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·August 7, 1969 and whom we would welcome to this country dents which, at best, make us look fool- POINT REYE8-A NATIONAL PARK as tourists or businessmen. ish and, at worst, .seriously damage U.S. · OR A SUBDIVISION? To prevent people from entering this foreign relations. country on the basis of what they believe. HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT or have believed in the past, is to implic­ TVA RATE INCREASE REGRETTABLE itly endorse thought control, and to con­ OF CALIFORNIA fess that we are afraid of other people's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ideas. Far from protecting our national HON. JOEL. EVINS Thursday, August 7, 1969 security, section 212(a) (28) has repeat­ OF TENNESSEE Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, it is with edly embarrassed this country, making IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a growing sense of alarm that I rise today us appear both ridiculous and repressive. Thursday, August 7, 1969 to remind my colleagues of the dangers Mr. Katzenbach wrote in the letter I just Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, which currently threaten the Point Reyes quoted from that- National Seashore in California. Section 212(a) (28) has the unfortunate the Tennessee Valley Authority has just effect of presenting a damaging picture of announced its second increase within 2 This haven of nature, aptly described this country as one fearful of opposing views. years in its charges to customers for as ''the gem of the peninsula-a biologi­ We have nothing to fear in this regard and "low cost" electric power. cal jewel," has thus far escaped man's much to gain by offering citizens of other This decision and this announcement apparent desire to make his environment countries a look at the free institutions of are indeed to be regretted. It is unfortu­ unlivable but the day when bulldozers the United States. nate that TVA which was created to will shatter the irreplaceable tranquillity The New York Times aptly noted in its supply residential, commercial, and in­ of Point Reyes rapidly approaches. Un­ editorial on the Fuentes incident that­ dustrial users in the Tennessee Valley less Congress appropriates immediately the "funds necessary to claim lands origi­ The basic problem is that the immigration with economical electric power, has law on exclusion is a vestige of the restrictive found it necessary to establish this ris­ nally conceived to be a part of the na­ era of the nineteen fifties. ing trend of rates. tional seashore when it was created in This is especially true in view of the 1962, this invaluable and probably irre­ Section 212(a) (28) is an ignominious fact that TVA has also announced pre­ trievable land will be subdivided by real reminder of the times which produced viously that sales and revenues from estate interests. it-1952 and the McCarran-Walter Act, its power system rea.ched new highs in In my opinion, it would be an unpar­ a bill which Congress enacted over Presi­ fiscal 1969. Sales to 160 municipal, co­ donable sin for a nation that can ap­ dent Truman's veto and of the McCarthy operative, and private distribution sys­ parently afford to spend $24 billion to era then just beginning. tems rose 10 percent over the corre­ put a man on the moon and $80 billion In 1965 we abolished the highly dis­ sponding period for the previous year for defense to allow one of nature's most criminatory national origins quota sys­ and sales to large industries increased precious handiworks to be destroyed by tem which for decades had formed the 5 percent. failing to spend the $37 million needed to basis of our immigration policy, and TVA has also announced that a record assure its protection. which the 1952 act reinforced. It is surely 618 new industries and plant expansions Mr. Speaker, this matter is of nation­ time to repeal this provision of our im­ occurred in the Tennessee Valley region wide concern. I insert into the RECORD migration legislation which prohibits en­ in 1968. ·at this point an article from the August 5, try on the basis of a person's beliefs. With this expansion in TVA power re­ 1969, issue of the New York Times relat­ The national security of this country quirements and with TVA's volume of ing to Point Reyes: would be no more endangered by a visit power considered, it is difficult to under­ POINT REYES IN CALIFORNIA A PATCHWORK from a celebrated leftist Mexican novel­ stand why TVA cannot make some in­ PARK IN TROUBLE ist than it was by the visit in 1961 of ternal adjustment to avoid the latest (By Gladwin Hill) Khrushchev's son-in-law and the then rate increase. TV A's operations are self­ POINT REYES, CALIF.-This dramatic prom­ editor of Izvestia, Aleksey Adzhubi and sustaining, self-operating, and self­ ontory just north of is at once Khrushchev's press secretary. Mikhail liquidating. a monument to natural beauty, to man's as­ Kharlamov. They debated Harrison TVA in its announcement insists that pirations and to governm.ental confusion. Salisbury of the Times and Pierre Sal­ the rate increase is necessary because of Its future as one of the nation's choicest inger, then President Kennedy's press higher fuel costs for its steam plants and preserves hangs in the balance at this mo­ secretary, on NBC-TV's "Face the Na­ increases in interest costs on money it ment, clouded by the :financial and adminis­ has borrowed to finance additions t'O its trative problems that beset, if less acutely, tion" on the subject, "Free Press in an many other. segments of the national recrea­ Open Society." During the next year, in system to meet demands for additional tion system. April 1962, Mr. Fuentes applied for a power. TVA also points out that the President Kennedy, on Sept. 13, 1962, temporary visa in order to participate in cost of power for residential use in the signed a bill creating the "Point Reyes Na­ an NBC-TV debate on "How Progress Tennessee Valley region will remain less tional Seashore," the third such preserve in Can Best Be Achieved in Latin America," than half the national average. the national park system. with Richard Goodwin, then Deputy As­ However, there is some question as to The name is misleading on two counts. Far what the rate increases mean in terms of more than a beach, Point Reyes is a 100- sistant Secretary for Inter-American Af­ square-mile peninsula encompassing an un­ fairs. The State Department refused to industrial expansion. The Tennessee Val­ usual array of fascinating and beautiful ter­ grant Mr. Fuentes a visa on the grounds ley Industrial Council, which is composed rain, fl.ora and fauna. · of 23 major comp-anies in the Tennessee that he might be a Communist. Mr. Fu­ CATI'LE, FIRS, DUNES, CANYONS entes' visit certainly posed no more Valley, has insisted _that rate increases of a threat to this country than did that are pricing TVA out of the competitive Pastoral countryside dotted with dairy power market. Some leaders in public herds merges magically into a "Black For­ of the two well-known Communists the est" of towering Douglas firs. The forest preceding year. Further, Mr. Fuentes power challenge this statement, but gives way to moors, dunes, estuaries, granite himself posed no more of a threat to the nevertheless the fact is that TVA is headlands and plunging canyons. California changing image from one of eco­ security of this country in 1962 or 1969 its poppies and lupine, wild roses and lilac car­ nomical power to one of escalating power pet the slopes. Between the tidelands and than he did in 1961, 1964, and 1966, years costs. ridges are creatures ranging from oysters when the State Department saw fit to is­ As a longtime friend and supporter and elephant seals to mountain lions. cormo- sue him a visa. This irrationality in the of TVA, this development disturbs me. rants and egrets. State Department's treatment of Mr. I want TVA to maintain its image as the But the name "Point Reyes National Sea­ shore" is deceptive also in its connotation of Fuentes underlines the arbitrariness yardstick for economic public power. a unified preserve. Its statutory boundary with which this provision is enforced. TVA would do well to review this 'embraces nearly all of the peninsula. But in I urge that we pass legislation as soon entire matter and its decision to in­ reality the Federal reservation is still only as possible to repeal it and. save the crease rates and, if at all possible, reduce a patchwork of 10 scattered parcels of land, country from future embarrassing incl- rates rather than increase them. comprising less than half the peninsula. August 7-, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22951 · · The rest, contemplated as part of the pal'k, to sell or swap the ranch with the Govern- Hickel was ordering the National Park Serv­ is still in private holdings, the choicest of ment for 10 years. But we just can't atiord to lee to give top priority to development of which are in imminent danger of falling un­ walt any longer. We paid about $22,000 in parks near big urban centers. der subdividers' bulldozers. taxes last year and took in about ·$2,400 in · "Time is of the essence in formulating an Under Secretary o! the Interior Eussell leases. We just don't have the assets to con- action program," he said. "Opportunities are Train conceded recently that the existing tinue." being lost dally to acquire such lands. Once reservation was too "fragmented and scat­ So surveyors and road builders have been lost, these opportunities can seldom be tered to be regarded as efficiently adminis­ tromping over the Lake Ranch, laying it out retrieved." trable" and noted that its existence had not in 40-acre tracts, which will go on the mar- yet been formally pronounced in the Federal ket to subdividers any day. Register. Owners of another 2,500-acre ranch cover­ WORSHIP SERVICES IN THE WHITE ing the whole northern end of the peninsula HOUSE $20 MILLION SPENT SO FAR say they are faced with the same exigency. The nation's taxpayers have put nearly $20-million into Point Reyes. Some 575,000 EIGHT BILLS INTRODUCED persons visited the preset:ve last year, touring The best estimates are that it will take HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE its roads, hiking its 50 miles of woodland $38-Inillion more for the land purchases nec­ OF trails and enjoying its beaches. But the na­ essary to round out the Point Reyes Na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion still does not have an officially acknowl­ tional Seashore. The $57-million total will be edgeable park at Point Reyes. four times the original contemplated cost. Thursday, August 7, 1969 Why not? · There are eight bipartisan bills before Con­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the Rev­ The answer is a tortuous saga of bun­ gress to appropriate the additional money. erend Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr, who came gling-not so much by any individuals as But the prospects of getting it are problemat­ from my district, Wright City, Warren by the system under which the Federal Gov­ ical. ernment is struggling to catch up in recrea­ The House of Representatives has just County, Mo., has recently written an ar­ tion facilities with the explosive growth of voted appropriations totaling only $17-mll­ ticle which should attract general inter­ population and urbanization. lion for land acquisition for the entire na­ est, whether or not it attracts general It was more than 30 years ago that Conrad tional park system for :fiscal year 1970, which agreement. Since the full text of yester­ Wirth, then director of the National Park opened last July 1. The figure is less than 12 day's Associated Press dispatch describ­ Service, said that Point Reyes should be a cents for each person in the country, and ing his article did not appear in either n<.. tional park. less than half what is needed for Point the New York Times or the Washington The peninsula has been des<:ribed as "an Reyes alone. The money was earmarked for Post, I enclose the AP dispatch in full in island in time," geographically sociologically eight units in the 44-unit park system, with the interest of freedom of information: and ecologically. Its mainland edge follows none for Point Reyes. precisely the great San Andreas fault. (When The main reason the amount was not big­ NEw YoRK.-President NiXon's worship San Francisco was rocked by an earthquake ger was that such acquisition money has to services Sundays in the White House defy in 1906, the whole peninsula moved north­ come out of the Land and Water Conserva­ church-state separation and amount to in­ ward 30 feet.) The peninsula's most spacious tion Fund, which annually is divided among stalling a "tamed religion" uncritical of his bay is believed by many to be the place the states and several Federal agencies. The policies, says a prominent America! theo­ where Sir Francis Drake refitted the Golden fund, which Congress in 1968 said should be logian. Hind in 1579. $200-million a year, was cut back by the Writing in the interdenominational journal Nixon Administration to only $124-million "Christianity and Crisis," the Reverend Dr. ESCAPED URBANIZATION for :fiscal year 1970. Reinhold Niebuhr states that "President Nix­ In recent years, because it consisted of The Point Reyes predicament was agonized on has turned the East Room into a kind of only a few large landholdings, the point man­ over by the House Interior Subcommittee on sanctuary and, by a curious combination of aged to rideout urbanization although it is National Parks and Recreation at a hearing innocence and guile, has circumvented the only 30 miles north of San Francisco. It re­ May 13. Bill of Rights' first article." tained most of the pristine charm of the era The director of the National Park Service, Dr. Niebuhr found fault with both Nixon When its original Indian inhabitants greeted George B. Hartzog Jr., propounded to the and Billy Graham, the evangelist and close early explorers from Europe. subcommittee a "controlled development" friend of the President. He said that through The 1962 act, excluding from the park plan, under which some 16,440 of the 53,000 semiofficial invitations to ministers of various boundaries only a few peninsula fringe com­ acres would be kept in private farm operation religions, "of whose moral criticism we were munities and a state park, envisioned the under a special arrangement with the Gov­ naturally so proud Nixon has established a Government's acquiring about half of the ernment, and 9,200 acres would be sold oti conforming religion. 53,000 acres by purchase, condemnation or for residentia~ use under restrictions "com­ "Some bizarre aspects have developed from exchange, leaving the rest with agrarian patible" with the park. this new form of conformity in these weekly owners. Part of the land in each category is now services," said the 77-year-old political phi­ A total of $14-million was appropriated in Federal hands and part would be obtained losopher and retired Union Theological Semi­ as supposedly adequate. But speculators by condemnation, netting the Government a nary professor. swarmed in and land prices soared, just as profit of some $10-million. "Most of this tamed religion seeins even has happened on many Federal reservation The residential-use idea was rejected by more extravagantly appreciative of official projects. key committee . members both on esthetic policy than any historic establishment feared The most critical land exchange, to obtain grounds and in the belief that turning a by our founding fathers. the strategically situated 2,500-acre Lake quick profit through condemnation and re­ "It is wonderful what a simple White House Ranch, described by naturalists as "a jewel," sale would be unfair if not illegal. invitation will do to dull the critical facul­ fell through when Gov. Mark Hatfield of Aside from that, hearing participants con­ ties," Dr. Niebuhr added. He said the appre­ Oregon made a political issue out of the use cur, the only solution seems to be "legisla­ hension of millions of persons about the anti­ of Federal timberland there in the trade. tive taking." Under this procedure Congress ballistic missile issue is evaded and Vietnam simply declares an entire area a national policy is bypassed. In 1966, $5-million more was appropriated. The services bring to mind a key figure in With the aggregate $19-million, the Govern­ preserve, in being, as it did with the Na­ tional Redwood Park. them, he wrote, "Our great evangelist Bllly ment has acqui!'ed 22,000 of the 53,000 Graham, a domesticated and tailored left­ acres-in the "unad.ministrable" patchwork. Compensation toprivate owners is pegged over from the wild and woolly frontier It is impossible to traverse all the segments at the land valuation of that moment, evangelistic campaigns." without crossing private land. eliminating the price escalation during the Dr. Niebuhr, who was founding editor of "People are always trespassing," a rancher actual takeover period. The disadvantage for the infiuential liberal biweekly magazine, · said, "letting our cattle loose, wanting to the Government is that this forces appro­ noted that Nixon had told the press he use the bathroom. They don't know what's priations to be made quickly, since interest started the Sunday services to further the · park and what isn't." fees to landowners start running at the time cause of religion, especially in the eyes of Mounting land prices and taxes have shat­ "taking" is declared. the Nation's youth. tered the original idea that some 26,000 acres "I think 'legislative taking' is the only "He did not specify," commented Dr. Nie­ could be left in its pastoral state, under pri­ way you can be assured that you're going buhr, "that there would have to be a par­ vate ownership, to complement the Federal to wrap up the Point Reyes project within ticular quality in tha.t religion if it were to preserve. the figures we have given you," Mr. Hartzog help them. For they are disenchanted with told the committee. a culture that neglects human problems The problem is illustrated by the Lake "But," he added, "if Mr. Sweet subdivides Ranch, which is owned by William A. Sweet, while priding itself on its two achievements his property, then I think all bets are oti of technical efficiency and affluence." a Coos Bay, Oreg., lum­ pleasa~t. soft-~poken insofar as our estimates are concerned. We The theologian said the "Nixon-Graham berman. will have opened up a Pandora's box again." doctrine" has two defects: "It's a shame," he says. "It should be in Ironically, the Point Reyes crisis peaked It sees all religion as "virtuous" in guar­ Government ownership. We've been trying just as Secretary of the Interior Walter J. anteeing public Justice, without any dis- 22952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 tinction between radical religious protest been in private ownel'ship. Although more Representatives; 6 appointed by the Presi­ and a conventional religion which "throws than one billion acres out of our total land dent of the United States; and c.~. Cha.1rman the aura of sanctity on contemporuy pub­ mass of 1.8 billion acres thai were once elected ·by the 18 appointed members.JI · lic. policy whether morally inferior or out­ in the public domaln now hav~ passed . to Assisting the Commission is an Advisory rageously unjust." non-Federal ownership, we have 765 m1lllon Council composed of 25 representatives of It assumes that "a religious change of acres of land still in Federal ownership, of interested land users· and 8 representatives heart, such as occurs in an individual con­ which 711 milllon acres are in the public do­ of Federal departments and agcncles having version, would cure men of all sin." main. Covering more than one-third of the responslbillty forth~ managemenT. and dis.: land area. of the Nation, even though one­ position of public lands. Also, the Governor half of it is in Alaska and 91% of the other of each of the 50 states has appointed a rep­ half is in the 11 western states, this acre­ resentative to work with the Commlsslon. SIGNIFICANT STUDmS OF THE PUB­ age will be significant in fulfilllng the fu­ In addition, to assure that we have the LIC LAND LAW REVIEW COMMIS­ ture land needs for an ever-increasing popu­ views of all concerned with the public lands, SION lation that requires recreational areas, for­ the Commission has held meetings in every ests, parks, new towns, forage for wildlife region of the country. Testimony has been and domestic livestock, and increased min­ received from more than 900 witnesses. some HON. CHARLOTTE T. REID eral production. of whom represented large organizations We are told by respected demographers or groups. OF n.LINOIS that by the year 2000 our population will Information received from the Commis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exceed 300 million persons, or increase ap­ sion's official family and from public wit:. Thursday, August 7, 1969 proximately 50 percent above the present nesses has contributed signiflcantly to the total. Personal income will rise correspond­ development of our comprehensive study Mrs. REID of illinois. Mr. Speaker, ingly, resulting in a growth that will im­ program. In response to a requirement from during the 88th Congress, I was pleased pose an increasingly heavy burden on all the Commission that we prepare or have to serve on the Committee on Interior of our natural resources, including those pro­ prepared all material that the Commission and Insular Affairs. One of the most im­ ducible on or from the public lands. will need to formulate its decisions and rec­ While we recognize that today the live­ ommendations, we have identified 34 sub­ portant pieces of legislation reported stock industry dependent on the Federal jects 3 on which manuscripts will be written. from that committee in that Congress public range contributes less than 3 percent Most of these cover conventional subjects and subsequently enacted into law was a of the meat requirements of the United and are belng accomplished under contract; bill establishing the Public Law Land States, we know that, even if the propor­ others are being accomplished in-house. In Review Commission, charged with the tion remains the same, there must be in­ each case, the studies will include an exam­ responsibility of reviewing all of the pub­ creased production to meet the demands of ination to provide an understanding o! the existing law. - lic land laws of the United States and an expanded population at the beginning of the next century, Just 31 years away. Esti­ Many of the subjects identified for study the rules, regulations, policies, practices, mates for overall future requirements for will have signiflca.nce to the real estate com­ and procedures involved in their admin­ forage range from 104 percent to over 140 munity. As we see it, however. two wlll be istration. percent above that we now have. And the of particular significan-ce and interest be­ The act creating the Commission re­ need for increased production is not con­ cause of their potential impact. These are quires that a report be submitted to the fined to food products; the demand for iron studies of regional and local land use pla~­ Congress and the President recommend­ ore, for example, is predicted to increase ning and of use and occupancy of the public ing such modifications, if any, that may somewhere in the neighborhood of 390 per­ lands. be necessary in existing policy in order cent for domestic use. Our planning study is designed to put the As intimated above, let us not forget also spotlight on the extent to which Federal d-e­ to assure that-- that more people mean more visits to recrea­ partments and agencies coordinate land use The public lands of the United States tional areas on Federal lands. Actually, the planning with each other and with state shall be (a) retained and managed or (b) combination of an expanded population with and local governments. We will not only disposed of, all in a manner to provide the increased leisure time tends to propel the look at the laws and regula~ions, but we will maximum benefit for the general public. recreation demands to ever greater heights. make an intensive field examination of ac­ Projections indicate that the total recreation tual practices in four separate regions of the The Commission's report must be filed use of national parks, national recreation country involving 156 counties and 14 states. no later than June 30, 1970. areas, national forests, and wildlife refuges We are aware of how Federal policy con­ When the Commission organized 1t will in the year 2000 be five times as great cerning the use of Federal lands might in­ chose the chairman of the House Interior as lt is today. fluence activities of state and local gov­ and Insular Affairs Committee to also be The public lands must also contribute to ernments. Police protection, access roads, the Chairman of the Public Land Law other uses. Wilderness, preserved in its pris­ sanitary fac111tles, and similar services may Review Commission. Under the leader­ tine state for scientific research and for those be required to serviee the Federal or nearby ship of our colleague, the gentleman who seek its solitude, can only be carved privately owned lands that become more de­ out of the public lands. Other public larids sirable because of their location. Our plan­ from Colorado, WAYNE N. ASPINALL, the must be capable of producing timber in in­ ning study w111 be the primary source of in­ Commission and its staff have been en­ creasing volume to meet the need for more formation on which the Commission ·wm de­ gaged in the tasks assigned to it. homes and other buildings. Then, one asks: termine whether it should recommend new The manner in which the Commission Where will all these buildings go? How and improved prooedures for coordination is going about its work, the scope of its many new urban centers or suburban dwell­ among the various levels of government, as studY program, and the potential sig­ ing areas must the public lands accommo­ well as within the Federal establishment. . nificance of the Commission's recom­ date? The study of "use .and occupancy of pub­ mendations are contained in an article To develop the facts and seek the answers lic lands" is devoted to a.n examination . of to these and many other questions, Congress the need for additional areas for residential, that has come to my attention, prepared has established the Public Land Law Re­ commercial. and industrial use, a-s well as by its Director, Milton A. Pearl, and ap­ view Commission. In response to a broad for various types of rights-of-way and other pearing in the current issue of "The charge to review the public land laws and miscellaneous uses that c:lo not fall in spe­ Guarantor," which is published by the the rules, regulations, policies, and proce­ ciflc categories such as recreation and timber Chicago Title & Trust Co. I commend the dures involved in the administration of the production. article to my colleagues. laws, the Commission has undertaken a com­ We know that some :Western communities prehensive review. All the public lands are cannot expand unless public lands are made LAND FOR GROWTH being studied, along with their resources, to available for them. Likewise, we are all fa~ (By Milton A. Pearl) provide data on ·vhlch the Commission can millar with the problems of the metropoli­ Today, as it has throughout the history make recommendations for policy guidelines tan areas where over 75 percent of our pop­ of the United States, the public dom.aln land to assure "that the public lands of the ulation lives. Suggestions have been made represents the greatest opportunity for ful­ United States shall be (a) retained and man- to the Commission that the public lands fillment of the American dream whatever it aged, or (b) disposed of, all in a manner to be made available to once again lure great might be at a particular moment in our provide the maximum benefit for the general numbers of our populace to the wide open history. public." 1 The Commission's report is to be When we sought new trading areas, it was submitted to the Congress and the President· :At its organizational meeting , onto the public domain; when we sought new by June 30, 1970. 1965, the Commission elected Representative territories, it was onto the public domain; The Commission is composed of 19 mem­ Wayne N. Aspinall (D-Colo.) Chairman; a when we sought new states, it was onto the bers: 6 appointed by the President of the PresidentU:Jl appointee, H. Byron Mock of public domain. No ma,tter the expansion, Senate; 6 by the Speaker of the House o:t Salt Lake City, Utah, Vic!e Chairman; and the land base was the public domain. the author as Director. The ·public domain represents that land 1 Act oj Sept. I9, 1964 (43 U.S.C:A. §.1391). a A listing of the 3Ubfeet8 appears at· the owned by the United States that has never § 1391). end. of this article. August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22953 spa.ces. Recognizing the desire of people in mander of the AMVETS is a constituent of world War n, the first national conven­ this era to live in urban-type communities, of mine and a longtime friend. I wish tion was called in Chicago. In 1946 the suggestions have taken aim in that AMVETS petitioned Congress for a federal to congratulate Mr. Frank Rugg~ero upon direction. charter. On July 23, 1947, President Harry Under one recommendation, the United his leadership at the time when the s. Truman signed AMVETS charter. The States is urged to open land for settlement AMVET organization is celebrating its words of the Senate Judiciary committee under an urban homestead procedure com­ silver anniversary. echoed throughout the land: "the veterans parable to the Agricultural Homestead Set­ Mr. Speaker, at this point I include, of World War II are entitled to their own tlement Act of the last century. A home­ as part of my remarks, an article which organization" and AMVETS being "orga­ stead land grant would be given to those appeared in the August 7, 1969, edition nized along sound lines and for worthy pur­ who build on selected sites in accordance of "The Stars and Stripes," a national poses ... having demonstrated its strength with prescribed architectural and landscape publication representing the voice of the and stability, is entitled to the standing and standards. dignity which a national charter will af­ Another suggestion would provide grants veterans of the United States. ford." President Truman also commented, for establishment of new towns that would The article follows: "Were I a veteran of this war, I would pre­ be self-sufficient or self-contained. AMVETS CREATION CAME AT CRUCIAL TIME fer to have a veteran of World War ll looking The Aot creating the Public Land Law IN WAR after my affairs tha.n. a veteran of some other Review Commission cites the fact that our August was a high point month in World war." To this day no other World War II present land laws are not fully correlated War n. On this date--August 7-German veterans group has been so honored. with each other. We have no evidence that generals on Hitler's stubborn command KOREAN VETS ADDED there was any planning in framing the fab­ launched a counter attack against the Amer­ ric of the various settlement and sales laws. When war broke out in Korea in 1950 and icans who had just broken out of Normandy. again during the Viet Narn crisis in 1966, The current effort is built on the concept They succeeded in penetrating the American that all aspects of public land management AMVETS requested Congress to amend the lines, but the salient they created built a charter so that those serving in the Armed and use must be considered at one time by trap for themselves. Encircling U.S. troops one group so that there may be a cohesive, Forces would be eligible for membership. On aided by British and Canadians closed a vise September 14, 1966, President Lyndon B. logical pattern established concerning the around two German field armies. Thousands future retention and management or dis­ Johnson signed the bill redefining the eligi­ were killed. Fifty thousand were taken pris­ bility dates for AMVET membership--"Any position of the public lands. oners. While we cannot hazard a guess as to the person who served in the Armed Forces of Half way around the world, U.S. air, land the United States of America or any Amer-ican Commission's ultimate recommendations, we and sea forces were smashing at the Japanese, do know that the Public Land Law Review citizen who served in the armed forces of an Commission does not plan to recommend by this date 25 years ago, the Phllippin~ Sea allied nation of the United States on or after and the air above it along with Sa1pan, September 16, 1940 and on or before the date that all the Federal Government's public Tinian and Guam were under American land be sold or that all of those lands be re­ of cessation of hostilities as determined by tained and managed under Federal owner­ control. The Japanese defense perimeter was the government of the United States is eligi­ irretrievably broken. The Tojo government ble for regular membership in AMVETS pro­ ship. so, many of the Commission's recom­ was out of power. The end was no longer over mendations can be expected to be devoted to vided such service when terminated by dis­ policy guidelines to govern determinations the horizon. It was in sight. charge or release from active duty be by hon­ for selection of lands to be retained and Such was the status of the greatest war in orable discharge or separation." lands to be disposed of to non-Federal own- all history when AMVETS was about to be The first National Headquarters for born 25 years ago. AMVETS was rented quarters at 724--Ninth erswe have built our study program in an When the hundreds of delegates gather in Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Then on April effort to provide the Commission with the next week for the annual convention 18 1952 President Truman dedicated the tools it needs, with the data required to of AMVETS, one can bank on spirited re­ fir~t AMVETS-owned National Headquarters. understand fully the various public land unions of comrades of World War II as they This building, a five-story townhouse, was possibilities. Guidelines for management relive some of their experiences of 1941-45. located at 1710 Rhode Isla.n.d Avenue, N.W. under Federal ownership or for disposition In their ranks will be a substantial number For fifteen years this building served Head­ should incorporate the best techniques of of men who fought later in Korea, and still quarters a..nd the National Service Founda­ land use planning, and it is for this reason more recently in Viet Nam, !or the organiza­ tion. In 1965 AMVETS moved to a tempo­ that we welcome suggestions from all who tion some years back opened its membership rary location, and the historic townhouse may have them. to these men of later combat. was torn down. On the same site appeared a Like other veterans' organizations before modern three-story structure of marble and it, AMVETS' history is dramatic reading. glass. On the 19th anniversary of the sign­ On July 15 of this year, Representative ing of the Congressional Charter, July 23, Glenn M. Anderson of California inserted in AMVETS-25 YEARS OF SERVICE 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson dedicated the Congressional Record a historical back­ the new building. During the program a ground of AMVETS. Anderson is a member of beautiful life-like bronze bust of the Presi­ Culver City, Cal., post No. 2. dent was unveiled by Mrs. Johnson. All HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI Excerpts from Representative Anderson's OF NEW JERSEY AMVETS take pride in the Headquarters for statement follow: the executive offices and conference rooms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Two independent veterans clubs in Wash­ are most attractive and functional. ing, D.C.--one formed on the campus of Thursday, August 7, 1969 Hourly from Headquarters a Carillon, do­ George Washington University, the other nated by Shulmerich Carillons, Inc., chimes Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, 25 among veterans employed by the govern­ and then at specific times musical classics years ago a new national organization ment--joined together to sponsor a service­ resound through the area. These bells are was formed which took on the name of men's party. By September 1944 others such significant of the other AMVET Carillo_ns veterans clubs organized throughout "American Veterans of World War IT,'' throughout the United States. The Memonal America-in California, Florida, Louisiana, Carmon at Arlington National Cemetery to better known to all of us as AMVETS. New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Ten­ I congratulate the present leaders of honor the memory of those who died in the nessee, and Texas. On November 11, 1944, service of their country was the first installa­ this organization, as well as those who Veterans Day, an article entitled "12,000,000 tion. This console is in the Arlington am­ in the past have lent their hand and in Search of a Leader" appeared in Collier's phitheatre overlooking the Tombs of the gave of their time to bring into being an Magazine. This story, written by Walter Unknowns. It was on December 21, 1949 that organization of comradeship and service. Davenport, introduced the clubs and out­ AMVETS presented the Carillon to the na­ As a member of the Veterans' Affairs lined their mutual aims-1. To promote tion with the message: "While these bells Committee, I have had the opportunity world peace, 2. To preserve the American Way ring, safely rest, freedom lives." AMVET of Life, and 3. To help the veteran help him­ Carillons also are now located aboard the to meet with many of the AMVET dele­ self. In December, 18 leaders, representing gations who came before our committee USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, at these nine groups, met in Kansas City, Mis­ the Garden of Patriots at Cape Coral, Flor­ to discuss their programs. In all these souri. There a national organization was ida Truman Library in Missouri, Jefferson discussions, I have found that what the formed, and it was on December 9, 1944 the Ba~acks in Missouri, State Capitol in Salt AMVETS had programed for the better­ name "American Veterans of World War II" Lake City, Utah, the Golden Gate National ment of their membership was some­ was chosen. The word AMVETS, coined Cemetery in California. thing worthy of our support. The AM­ by a newspaper reporter, soon became the official name. The "White Clover," a flower OTHER ENDEAVORS VETS have become known as one of the which thrives in freedom throughout the The "Green Hats" of AMVETS have served most devoted organizations in further­ world, is symbolic of the struggle during the hospitalized veteran, the retarded child, ance of our national security, domestic World War II and is the adopted tlower of the shoeless orphan, a..nd the lonely service­ programs, and in our foreign relations. AMVETS. man. However, the granting of scholarships The New Jersey department com- In October 1945, two months after the end has been a major endeavor of AMVETS. Each 22954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 year many scholarships are awarded deserv­ How do you equate money with peace 63 West Main Street, Allegany, New York, ing students. This program, originated in or a chance for successful disarmament of which I had been a partner. I had been 1952 and has awarded $250,000 in study talks. contemplating this move for some time be­ grants. cause of the pressure of Congressional du­ In 1954 the first AMVET Silver Helmet There is no way. ties but the necessary legal work could not Award-a replica of the G.I. helmets of World Mr. Speaker, the time has come to be completed until last month. I still retain War IT-was presented to General George quit talking about Safeguard in politi­ ownership of the building but expect to sell Marshall for his "enormous contributions to cal terms, on monitary terms, in terms it before the end of . I value the United States in war and in peace." Sub­ of victory or defeat. The time has come, the building at $11,000. It has a mortgage sequently Silver Helmets have been presented instead, to rally behind this President, of $7,500. to other great Americans. Recipients include as we have rallied all others, when the I consider my major asset my home at 124 Presidents Hoover, Truman, Eisenhower, fate of our Nation and of the world were Second Street. Allegany. I figure its worth Johnson, Kennedy, Nixon, Comedian Bob at $28,000. It has a mortgage of $2,900. I Hope, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Dr. Ralph the issues. have not purchased a second home in Wash­ Bunche. ington, D.C. I live instead in a two-room, A network of trained National Service Of­ $230 a month apartment two blocks from ficers across the country provide free expert INCOME DISCLOSURE FOR PUBLIC my office in the Longworth Building. advice to veterans and veterans' dependents. OFFICIALS URGED I have an $8,000 equity in the Wellsvllle WATCHFUL EYE Land Company which owns property for AMVETS keep a watchful eye and take an HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS home building but the Company holds a active part in the legislation on "The Hill". $4,900 note from me. I have no savings ac­ Action on pending Congressional bills is OF NEW YORK count. My checking account has a current based on the assumption that the "veterans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES balance of $3,800. Additional debts are a $6,500 bank loan; a Will ultimately benefit from any measure Thursday, August 7, 1969 tha.t benefits the nation and, conversely, any $4,500 loan from the New York State Re­ program not good for the country as a whole Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, I have tirement Fund and personal bills amount­ cannot be good for the veteran." AMVETS ing to $1,800. joined in the cosponsorship of a bill in­ My insurance has a loan value of $5,000 are especlally proud of their roles in the en­ troduced by my colleague, Representa­ actment of the "Korean G.I. Bill of Rights" and I own one-twelfth of a share of a sum­ and the "Cold War Blll of Rights." Domestic tive GLENN M. ANDERSON, Democrat Of mer lodge in Allegany. The value of the issues, national defense, and foreign rela­ California, aimed at making it manda­ share I put at $1,500. tions are issues of importance and grave con­ tory for all of us in Government service JAMES F. HASTINGS, cern to AMVETS. who share in these gravest of times the Congressman, 18th District, Neto York. AMVETS offers to its members many per­ responsibility for shaping the laws of our sonal services. Life insurance, hospital cover­ land to make full disclosure of their fi­ age, discOunt drugs, and travel tours are such nancial standing. programs; however, the associations and For some time now I have been deeply INCOME TREATMENT OF NON­ friendships of fellow-AMVETS is Without PROFIT FOUNDATIONS doubt the most valued benefit of AMVET disturbed by the growing disillusionment membership. AMVETS is truly a family or­ felt by the people of the Nation over their ganization. Wives, mothers, sisters and leaders here in Washington. Public con­ HON. JEFFERY COHELAN daughters of AMVETS are eligible for mem­ fidence in public officials has been se­ bership in AMVETS Auxiliary, whlle sons and verely jolted time and time again by OF CALIFORNIA daughters between 7 and 17 years of age such episodes as the recent one involving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may join Jr. AMVETS. The Fun and Honor . Because of these incidents, Thursday, August 7, 1969 Group of AMVETS is known as the Sad Sacks, the image of Government has been badly whlle its counterpart in the Auxiliary is the tarnished, sometimes unjustifiably so be­ Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ Sacketts. cause all the facts were not made known. cently received a letter from Miss Sylvia Time marehes on, and AMVETS continue Helen Forman. a constituent of mine to work to attain world peace so that every This bill would require full income dis­ from Berkeley, Calif .• detailing her views man can live fearlessly under free skies, to closure by all Congressmen, Senators, make the United States an ever-better land Federal judges, including those on the on proposals to amend the income treat­ of "freedom !or all", and to help the veteran, Supreme Court as well as the President ment of non:?rofit foundations. This let­ his Widow and orphan live happily as con­ and the Vice President. Also coming un­ ter raises several very interesting points tributing members of society. der its provisions would be candidates for and it is deserving of wider attention. President and Vice President, Cabinet Accordingly, I include Miss Fonnan's officers, and employees of the House and letter in the RECORD at this point: UNrVERSITY OY CAI..D'ORNU, RALLY BEHIND THE PRESIDENT Senate as well as the executive branch making $18,000 a year or more. Berkeley, Calif., , 1969. ON SAFEGUARD Hon. JEFFERY CoHELAN, Those of us in positions of legislative Congress of the United States, and judicial trust have a deep obligation House of Bepresentatives, HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON to do everything we can to restore public Washington, D.C. OP ALABAMA belief in the objectivity of their repre­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN COHELAN: I write you With regard to the recent tenta.tive recom­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sentatives, elected or otherwise, espe­ ciallY in cases where individual integrity mendations of the House Committee on Ways Thursday, August 7, 1969 arising from possible conflicts of interest and Means that treat control o! the aotlvitles of foundations. Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, the is in question. I would be less than honest The curbs on foundations proposed by the victory the President won yesterday on with myself, my constituents, and my Ways and Means Committee have been the the Safeguard vote has a significance colleagues here in the House 1f I did not subject of much anxious discussion among that affects not only the world today demonstrate by deeds how strongly I feel the students and faculty members of my ac­ but also may decide the shape of the that such a course of action is vital now. quaintance. I myself am quite concerned. world for future generations. Therefore, I ask that the following no­ about these proposals, in part because I am That there were honest and legitimate tarized statement of my financial stand­ presently supported in my graduate stud.ies ing be made a part of the RECORD: by a Graduate Fellowship from the Danforth differences about the merits and the Foundation (of St. Louis, Missouri) costs of Safeguard was shown by the AUGUST 7, 1969. I understand, and deplore, the actions of closeness of the vote. But, Mr. Speaker, I, James F. Hastings, Congressman repre­ sOID.e foundations that operate for private where the safety of this Nation may be senting the 38th Congressional District of rather than public good. However, lt seems at stake and where the President be­ New York State, do solemnly swear that the completely obvious to me that the wholesale lieves something is necessary to that following Is a true and accurate statement application, to all foundations, of the recom­ safety, it seems to me there can be valid of my financial standing as of this date. mendations oi the Ways and Means Commit­ I have no ties with firms doing business tee would have a detrimental effect on the reasons to question but little excuse to With the government and own no capital public good by unnecessar1ly and arbitra.rily deny the President what he seeks. stock or bonds. As of the end of , restricting the beneficial works of those foun­ How do you measure cost, even $10 I severed connection with the real estate dations (the majority, I would think) which billion, against lives? and insurance firm of Hastings & Jewell, Inc., do not ever engage in underhanded activities. August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22955 The proposals of the Committee do not differ­ was, despite its narrowness, victory of attainable at its present state of develop­ entiate "good" foundations from "bad" ones substantial proportions because the im­ ment. However, It was thought that methods and thus, if enacted into law, would amount of input and output have sufficiently im­ plications are so vast. proved, so that experience with the systems to "throwing the baby out with the bath Certainly it was no partisan victory water." This criticism does not apply, of presently available is almost a prerequisite course, to the proposed prohibition against and no partisan loss. for moving ahead as refinements become self-dealing between a donor and a founda­ Though the President led the fight, available. tion, or to the proposed requirements for men of both parties rallied to his banner; The major reasons that the committee's prompt use of income, and for an annual rallied, if you will, in the cause of peace. decision to share a computer was unanimous public report of activity. But I note, for ex­ ABM is more than just another weap­ were: ample, that the Danforth Foundation not on in our defensive nuclear arsenal. Its (1) The possibility that improvements only publishes such a report, but even sends existence is not only a deterrent to the might be slow in developing. it to the Fellowship holders! (2) The cost factors involved. The recommendation that foundations be rash but also truly a safeguard against Actually the decision to share the State taxed strikes me as being very poor, for two attack by the irrational. Comptroller's computer (which had not been reasons. One, it simply reduces the sum of ABM is in fact a trump card for the selected at that time) was simple, because money available to a foundation for expend­ hand of the President in his quest for it was the only equipment which would be ing to the public good. Two, it threatens the peace. available with the capacity to be shared. In whole idea that non-profit organizations of With approval of the ABM. the Presi­ addition, it also provided the possibility of a public nature can be tax-exempt, thus cre­ dent can negotiate from a standpoint of sharing certain budgetary information which ating the possibility that many highly bene­ would be constantly available beginning ficial institutions would be restricted in strength. with the new fiscal year starting in July of their operations and, perhaps, restricted in Mr. Speaker, I believe the United 1969. The budgetary information on video their incomes, through loss of the "tax­ States should always be in a position to data terminals available to the financial deductible" incentive to donations. negotiate from strength. committees of the House of Representatives Yet, the potentially most damaging rec­ Our thanks go to those who have made and the Senate will have limitations in its ommendations of the Ways and Means Com­ this possible. initial stages, but the potential is unlimited. mittee is the one that proposes to prohibit The statutory retrieval application is any activity, however minor, on the part of scheduled to be available In our state by any foundation to infiuence, either directly the end of the summer. A few years ago, a or indirectly, the decisionmaking of any study commission in Massachusetts pur­ governmental institution. This concept iS MORE SUPPORT-COMPUTERS FOR chased the Massachusetts Statutes and Con­ qualitatively different from forbidding foun­ CONGRESS stitution tapes from the University of Pitts­ dations to "lobby" or to try to infiuence elec­ burgh, Health Law Center. These tapes have tions. Almost any study that might be un­ been updated through 1968 and the Aspen dertaken with financial support for research HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD Systems Corporation, successor to the Uni­ expenses from a foundation could, and, in OF PENNSYLVANIA versity's Health Law Center has agreed to so far as it is a high quality and factual IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provide the program so that these searches piece of research, should infiuence govern­ can be conducted here in Massachusetts. mental pollcy decisions. The ideas of this Thursday, August 7, 1969 Preliminary searches produced by Aspen have recommendation would not have to be Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, both indicated that this can be an extremely use­ pushed very far in order to amount to total the need for and the advantages of hav­ ful tool for study commissions, LegiSlative repression of studies of any social, economic Counsel and for drafting complicated legis­ or political phenomena. In essence, it says ing computer capability for the Con­ lation. However, at the present time, our ex­ that actions aimed at infiuencing national gress has been pretty well documented perience with the system is limited. policy are permissible on the part of profit­ by those of us who hope for early legis­ A bill status system has been showing the making, vested-interest organizations, but lative action to "bring us up to date." history of more than 6,700 separate docu­ not on the part of non-profit, public-interest I was delighted to see that the State ments processed so far in the current session. organizations. Do those men who are respon­ of Massachusetts, acting on the recom­ Ten separate video data terminals rapidly sible for making this recommendation ac­ mendations of its own legislative data display this information in locations that tually adhere to the dogma that ''what's processing committee, has joined Penn­ are continually under review based on usage. good for GM is good for the country?" Is the Five of these terminals have teletype printers American Cancer Society less qual1fled to sylvania and other States in entering the attached, and they have proved to be ex­ support research into causes of lung-cancer computer age. tremely useful as an aid to legislators in an­ than the tobacco interests, or to report such An article from the State Legislative swering their mail. Printed copies of the en­ research in a manner that will receive both Leader of July 1969, describing the ac­ tire bill history are distributed to other areas publlc and governmental attention? Are an­ tion of the Massachusetts Legislature is in the legiSlature at the beginning of each thropologists, such as myself, whose work is included herewith for the thoughtful at­ week to further disseminate the history of often supported by grants from foundations, tention of my colleagues: bills. not to be allowed to make public reports on Our blll status system is an integral part such items as conditions on American Indian MASSACHUSETTS LEGisLATION SHARES A of the House and Senate Clerks' oftlces. In­ reservations for fear that they might infiu­ CoMPUTER formation is fed into the computer by em­ enoe the decisions of the Bureau of Indian (By Stephen C. Davenport) ployees of these offices. The integrity of the Affairs? As a result of a study and recommenda­ information on the terminals and the con­ I should hope that the Ways and Means tions by its own Legislative Data Processing sistency of the operation of the terminals Committee, and the men I have helped elect Committee the Massachusetts Legislature iS has been excellent, but it is a continuing to their positions in the Congress, would be sharing the State Comptroller's new third process to improve the system. It is estimated able to write legislation that would curb and generation computer (RCA Spectra 70) in that about two years operation are needed control abuses by foundations of their pro­ the present session. Current plans call for to develop fully a bill status system adapted tected positions without threatening or dam­ development of a bill status system, utiliza­ to the procedure of our state with close co­ aging the capabilities of foundations to con­ tion of statutory retrieval and provision of operation of the Clerks in both branches. An tinue in their service to the nation through some budgetary information. important part of the bill status system is their support of disinterested and objective The decision to share a computer was made a Bill Index generated by the computer and investigations of any and all problems that by a special committee of five Senators and available in printed form at the terminals. interest, challenge or trouble us. The present seven Representatives who had been research­ To coordinate the data processing function proposals would not fulfill this goal. ing data processing for over a year. The the Massachusetts Legislature employs a Di­ Yours very truly, committee had the benefit of consulting ad­ rector, who works closely with the manufac­ Miss SYLVIA HELEN FORMAN. vice from a national accounting firm and on­ turer's representatives, and a programmer site observation of what had been accom­ assigned by the Comptroller's Oftlce to im­ pliShed in tl:re Florida, New York and Penn­ plement the data processing applications sylvania Legislatures. The committee was also presently planned. '!'hey also work closely THEABM aware of the utilization of data processing by with the Special Legislative Committee on other states through the testimony of major future enhancements of the legislative sys­ HON. ALEXANDER PIRNIE manufacturers. tems. It was the unanimous decision of the In order to give data processing a fair OF NEW YORK. com.mittee. strongly supported by the legis­ chance the Massachusetts Legislature has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVFS lative leadership, to begin to ut111ze data concentrated on keeping the cost of its appli­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 processing. The committee was well aware cations at a minimum, and this can be a that persuasive arguments can be made that difiicult task when dealing with people Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's the cost of utillz1ng data processing as a possessing the enthusiasm and optimism of victory for the proponents of the ABM, legislative tool is not justlfled by results data processing personnel. However, legis- 22956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 lators are realists when it comes t o weighing knock out the adult who employs or MONSANTO LEADS THE WAY cost factors and this same reallsm would ad­ enlists the employment of juveniles in mit, I believe, that computers are a perma­ illegal drug transactions. The States have nent part of the legislative process. a definite responsibility in this area as HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN well; yet, at the present time, only six OF SOUTH CAROLINA A HUGE GAP IN OUR NARCOTICS States-Colorado, illinois, Massachu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LAWS setts, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas­ have laws forbidding the employment Thursday, August 7, 1969 of juveniles in illegal drug transactions. Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, Congress and HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER The problem of interstate transporta­ the American people are greatly con­ OF NEW JERS EY tion of narcotic drugs is another area cerned about the future of our country IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where legislation is required. Local law unless water pollution and air pollution Thursday, August 7, 1969 enforcement agents are already over­ are brought under control. This morn­ burdened by local crime problems. We ing, I joined 118 of my colleagues in the Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, I rise need a means of bringing Federal agents House in urging an appropriation of $1 to report a most serious situation. into the picture. The situation demands billion for the fiscal year 1970 for the We are all aware of the mammoth not a usurpation of State jurisdiction, construction grant program of the Clean narcotics problem in this country. The but an addition to the criminal ma­ Water Restoration Act. I urge Congress rising tide of drug addiction, especially chinery. Federal agents, carrying with at this session to appropriate these funds among the young, now threatens to en­ them the threat of stringent Federal pen­ as every single day counts in the fight gulf our society. alties, can make a significant contribu­ for pure water and pure air. Law enforcement officials from all tion in the war against dope peddlers. Mr. Speaker, Monsanto Co. is setting parts of the Nation report an alarming State officers have made great progress a -splendid. example in promoting clean increase in the availability of addictive in this battle, but their jurisdiction as air and pure water. I commend to the drugs to young people. Narcotic drugs well as their number is limited. attention of my colleagues and our people are pouring into the States at an un­ Mr. Speaker, in view of these consid­ everywhere the following excellent article precedented rate. erations, I am introducing legislation which appeared in Time magazine on Acting on these highly disturbing re­ which will attach a maximum sentence of August 8: ports, I have made a detailed examina­ life imprisonment, and a minimum term THE Am: FROM POLLUTION TO PROFIT tion of our penal structure as it relates to the control of narcotics trafficking of 10 years in a Federal penitentiary, to Dirty air decays buildings, cracks rubber those who, while nonaddicted themselves, tires, ruins nylon stockings and worsens all and to the incarceration of dope ped­ transport narcotics across State lines. sorts of human ailments. According to one dlers. This examination has yielded a My legislation will impose the same pen­ Government study, air pollution costs Amer­ shocking result. alties on those adults who employ or seek icans an average $65 a year; the figure may I have learned that there is currently hit $200 in particularly filthy cities like New no Federal law which makes it illegal to to employ juveniles in illegal drug trans­ York and St. Louis. Even so, most citizens transport narcotic drugs across State actions. have a lot to learn about pollution. When a lines. Even worse, there is no Federallaw The situation cries out for remedy. We sampling of St. Louis residents were polled which makes it illegal to employ juve­ must aim our heaviest artillery at the on how much they would pay in higher taxes niles in an illegal drug transaction. nonaddicted junkies. The hooked push­ to clean up the air, they reckoned that the er is, in a sense, caught up in the same effort might be worth 50¢ a year, at most $1. These frightening facts indicate a huge Ignoring their own auto-exhaust fumes, they gap in our criminal law which must im­ vicious cycle as the addict; he is under also insisted that dirty air is prtmarlly in­ mediately be filled. some compulsion to pursue his wayWard dustry's problem. Our city and suburban sidewalks lit­ course, and is in need of help and thera­ Not quite-but in St. Louis that view is erally bulge with Devil's tradesmen who PY. But, the nonaddicted dope peddler understandable. One reason: the National deal in death and destruction. Yet, we is a different sort of creature. He is a Lead Co.'s titanium pigment plant routinely predatory beast who willfully plans his emits a sulphuric acid stench that is down­ have allowed a situation to develop in right sickening. The city is also a booming which our criminal machinery seems im­ vile activities with full cognizance of the It center of the chemical industry, prolific potent before these merchants of men­ consequences. is this monster that the source of exotic emuents like phthalic an­ ace. law must cage. hydride and chlorinated phenolic compounds, The drug addicts are not the root of It is this twisted animal that rests at which make the eyes water and smell like the our problem. When we take note of the the root of our crime problem. Most of medicines children swallow whlle holding rise in drug abuse, we must keep in mind our crime in the streets can be traced their noses. All too often St. Louis stinks, as that the dope peddlers are the true vil­ directly back to the trafficking in illegal one resident says, "like an old-fashioned lains of the peace. These are the mali­ drugs. Prostitution, muggings, larce­ drugstore on fire." to Quick snltiers. Now one of the key villains cious individuals who rape our neighbor­ nies-these are all linkable the dope is trying hard to turn hero. Until two years hoods and defile our society. The addict trade. The addict in need of a fix is the ago, Monsanto, the nation's third largest is usually the helpless victim of the addict who will do almost anything to chemical company, paid little attention to pusher's evil. get that fix. And to whom does the addict the effects of the more than 300 prOducts it The perversity of dope peddlL.ig re­ owe his misfortune and his tribute? The makes at its headquarters plants around St. quires no sermon. But it boggles the mind poison peddler who dines at the table Louis. Then the city enacted some of the ftlle· ~ with the products of human misery. toughest air pollution ordinances in the U.S. to realize that now our schoolyards have Monsanto not only obeyed the laws-it set become centers for the distribution of When dealing with this type of beast, out to become a model antipolluter. narcotic drugs. It is not a pleasant we must have every available means Monsanto has studied every vent in its four thought that our children walk to the within the law of destroying his activities. huge plants in the area, evaluating every waiting arms of a dope pusher when they That is why we must take action now, be­ chemical process, and monitoring the effec­ walk to school. fore the beast destroys us all. tiveness of "scrubbers,'' "eliminators'' and But, the demon they meet at school The administration has publicly stat­ other controls. "What the company is doing is not a leering adult pusher; the adult ed that it is up to this Congress to seize is very complex and very expensive," says Charles Copley, Commissioner of the St. Louis dope peddler is too smart to appear in the initiative in the war on narcotics. air pollution control board. person. Rather, narcotics seep into the We dare not shrink from the challenge Though its workers become indifferent to schools usually through the hands of or the responsibility. Let us decide to chemical odors, Monsanto itself goes to the youngsters themselves who are corrupted junk the junkies for once and for all. opposite extreme. As soon as any employee and exploited by the adult pusher. If and The gauntlet has been tossed, Mr. smells something bad, he is asked to dial when these youngsters are apprehended, Speaker, and I am certain that this Con­ A-I-R on the factory phone. If the problem literally nothing can be done to get at gress will take up the standard. We is serious, expert "sniffers" hurry to the must move now, before the flow of deadly scene, ready to bottle the air, analyze it and the true criminal, for it is the young­ repair the leak. Elaborate ductwork in one sters who are found with the illegal prod­ narcotic drugs becomes a deluge. factory connects the points where noisome uct and who are caught in the illegal act. I call upon this House to take quick, phenols might be emitted and whisks them That is why we need legislation which positive action on the legislation I have to a scrubber system that removes the odor would enable law enforcement officials to discussed today. wit h absorbent filters. Since 1967, Monsanto August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22957 has "Spent almost $3,000,000 to curb pollution ther progress made along these lines. of competing claims and the consequences of in St. Louis, plus another $12 milllon a.t its Recently, Mr. Speaker. I read a most alterna.tive decisions. other plants across the nation. interestilig article by one of the most CONGRESSIONAL DATA WOES Booming Business. As it turns out the spending has produced profits as well as' civic widely respected writers in this field, The Congress suffers from several specific status for Monsanto. The company's indus­ Prof. John S. Saloma m, an associate information problems. It is dependent on the trial efficiency has been increased by the con­ professor of political science at the Mas­ Executive bureaucracy, and that bureaucracy stant monitoring of all its processes. In sachusetts Institute of Technology, dis­ often cites Executive privilege as a justifica­ addition, it is now recapturing some valuable cussing the relationship between Con­ tion for withholding information. In addition chemicals that previously went up the stacks, gress and computers. the widespread secret classification otf mate­ while selling a new line of pollution-abate­ rial under the mantle of "national security" ment equipment to other industries. Thus This article, published in the June raises another powerful barrier to Congres­ Monsanto has moved into a. growing market 1969 issue of the Ripon Forum, was sional access to needed information. that it estimates may soon reach $6 billion adapted from a forthcoming book by Mr. Also, the individual member of Congress a year. "By 1975, we hope to be doing $200 Saloma entitled, "Congress and the New groans under a glut of paper and strains to million a year in such business," says Leo Politics." acquire specific, reliable information as any­ Weaver, general manager of Monsanto's new Under unanimous consent, I include one familiar with "the Hill" will testify. Not department, Environmental Control Enter­ surprisingly, a variety of simplifying devices the text of the article from the Ripon are substituted for individual decisions: fol­ prises. Forum . entitled, "Congress and Com­ As Weaver sees it, the antipollution busi­ lowing party leadership, deferring to the ness is almost limitless-provided Congress puters," at this point in the RECORD: judgment of the responsible committee, vot­ increases tax incentives !or installing pollu­ CONGRESS AND COMPUTERS: COMING SOON: ing with state delegation, consulting mem­ tion control devices and municipalities enact "SYSTEMS POLITICS'' bers who are expert on the subject under and rigidly enforce firm minimum standards. (NoTE.-Despite all the talk about the elec­ consideration, etc. With a glint in his businessman's eye, Weaver tronic age. the computer era is not really The point is clear. Most of the limiting also notes: "There is no such thing as a per­ upon us yet. Its arrival awaits reductions in conditions that act to constrain decision­ fectly clean environment." Even while tech­ the net oosts of acquiring, processing, storing, makers in a world of imperfect information nology tames current pollution, the U.S. is retrieving, and using information. As the next are abundantly present in the contemporary likely to produce more and more new kinds five or ten years witness the beginnings of Congress. Congressmen and Senators muddle of garbage, such as plastic containers. When this process, government as well as the rest through as best they can. such substances are incinerated, the "smoke" of society will begin to feel the results of this The question of interest to us is what dif­ is odorless and almost invisible. Is it harm­ new technology which will make possible an ference will the new information technology ful? No one is yet sure; but 1! it is, Monsanto advance in human intellectual capacity com­ make for the decision-making process in and other pioneers are determined to devise parable to the invention of language, arabic government. First we shall examine a range more ways to clean up both air and money. numerals and calculus. of technically feasible change; then, some (The consequences of computerization for of the political !actors that will condition the American system of checks and balances such change in the American political sys­ will of course be fundamental. With systems tem. One of the most obvious advances that will CONGRESS AND COMPUTERS analysis will come "systems politics." John S. Saloma III, former president of the Ripon be made possible by the new information Society and associate professor of political technology is increased quality of Informa­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS science at M.I.T., working under a grant from tion (including factors such as relevance, the Carnegie Corporation to the American precision, completeness, and timeliness) and OF INDIANA Political Science Association, has been study­ quality o! information processing (accuracy, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing the likely impact of a computer tech­ speed, abll1ty to handle complex relation­ ships, infiexlbllity, and potential for codifi­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 nology on the governmental decision-making process. His fascinating discussion of the cation in standard rules}. Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, many potential changes in the balance of power But, with the computer the problem of of us on both sides of the aisle believe among the Congress, the President, and the information overload will be more subject that if Congress is to play its full and bureaucracies that computers may spur is to the control of the individual decision­ proper role when making public policy adapted from his book Congress and the New maker. He will have the potential to get "on Politics published by Little, Brown and Com­ top" of his work. The computer can be pro­ and overseeing its administration, we pany this month.} grammed to provide top decision-makers must }lave adequate access to up-to-date with "exception" information demanding at­ accurate information. ' (By John S. Saloma ill} tention or action. By comparison with the executive Is the demonstrated success of the com­ Decision-makers may specify in advance branch of the Government, Congress is puter and the new information technology what types of information they wish to re­ today at an enormous disadvantage in in business, industry and private institutions ceive on given subjects o! interest as new transferable to the arena of public policy? If information becomes available. Central li­ this respect. Congress embraces the computer, the really braries or document centers can then service For example, this year the executive significant result will be improved tech­ the individual decision-maker according to branch of the Federal Government will niques of decision-making--operations re­ his "interest profile" through a technique be using over 4,600 computers at an an­ search, mathematical analysis, systems mod­ of "selective dissemination of information." nual cost of $2 billion while Congress eling and slmpulation-used in conjunction Instead of being a largely passive recipient has only three computers: One in the with computers and a more adequate data of information, the decision-maker will be House for payroll and accounting pur­ base. able to interact with the data system using it No matter how conservatively one views as an active search mechanism. poses, one in the Senate for speeding the future, computers, by virtue of their internal mail delivery, and one at the ability to store and process enormous IMPORTANT CONTROLS INTRODUCED Library of Congress to keep track of amounts of data, to calculate at lightning Congressmen may continue to tap a variety the status of legislation. speeds, and to simulate human and organi­ of information sources on a random basis to It is for these reasons that many Mem­ zational decision-behavior, provide man with obtain political information, but improved an intellectual tool of almoot inconceivable selective processing of relevant technical in­ bers of the House, both Democrats and power. Almost certainly the application of formation (and even political in!ormation on Republicans, have urged that steps be the computer will introduce a new era for their constituency} should significantly taken to move Congress to modernize both the social and political systems. There change the problem of information overload. its operations and bring the legislative will be cumulative improvement in in!orma­ The individual legislator will have an impor­ branch of Government into the 20th cen­ tion processing and computer-assisted tech­ tant degree of control over the amount and tury. niques for analysis. Together, these advances nature of information he receives. It is for the same reason that I pre­ will dramatically alter the decision-making The legislator will be provided with the pared a resolution, which was adopted context. Looking at the massive information capacity for systems thinking and systems problems in government today suggests the analysis-that is, the dynamic behavior of on February 19, 1969, at the regular potential. complicated systems and the analysis of monthly caucus of Democratic Members Information provides the premises for de­ multiple variables. Such simulations will of the .House of Representatives, which cision or action. By one definition, decision­ permit the preparation of major contingency resolution urged Democratic Members of making is simply "the process of converting plans. A lengthened time perspective, and a the House to give full support to the ilrlormation into action." Yet in a political greater opportunity for strategic planning House Committee on Administration in system where information is a form of power, will replace the "remedial" orientation of efforts to improve the efficiency of op­ there are many limitations on acquiring the incremental policy-making with orientation right information. The political decision toward the future. He will be able to think erations of Members of the House in­ maker needs, broadly speaking, two types of ahead more, instead of exhausting himself cluding the use of computers and a 'cen­ information: technical information defining just trying to keep abreast. tralized mail processing system. the content of a policy issue and political The incrementalist's view that "public I hope very much that we shall see fur- ilrlormation concerning the relative strength policy problems are too complex to be well 22958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . August 7, ~969 understood, too complex to be mastered" and realized but most staggering potentials of Budget Bureau and at the departmental sec­ that decision-makers develop "a strategy to the new information technology. retary level. The power of the analyst within cope with problems, not to solve them" will Before examining the overall significance the Executive branch will pose new problems be replaced with a more optimistic perspec­ of these factors on decision-making in gov­ fqr Congressional watchdogs. Congress must tive. The decision-maker will be "on top" ernment, it would be wise to examine some define new points of access and review in of information. He will have analytical reservations about the revolutionary impact the decision-making process if the historical techniques and information processing capa­ of information technology. concept of balance is to be maintained. bilties that wlll give him new understanding DILEMMAS PERSIST Secondly, there will develop a more explicit, of governmental and social systems and with candid style of politics which may complicate this a sense that he can manipulate and Lessening the information constraints on and increasing the potency of the a.n.a.lytical the problem of a.chieving political consensus. control them. Where the incrementaUsts The above point to important secondary con­ have rejected the impossible prescription to tools available to decision-makers will not remove the dilemmas of decision-making. sequences for Congress. be comprehensive in favor of a more manage­ THE IMPACT ON CONGRESS able strategy of "outright neglect." The new There are limitations that go well beyond information technology wlll enable the de­ information per se. As the informa.tion con­ In January, 1968, the Legislative branch cision-maker to develop a more rational and straints on decision-makers are eased, other acquired its :first Analysis and Data Process­ aggressive strategy of problem-solving. limiting factors and decisions will come into ing (ADP) installation dlrectl~ involved in play: But perhaps the greatest long-run contri­ aiding the legislative process. The new on­ 1. The problem of values. If we define line terminal system, Installed in the Ameri­ bution of the computer to man's problem­ politics as a struggle for control stemming solving capacity wm be its ablllty to facilitate can Law Division of the Legislative Reference from conflict over the direction of social life Service, now enables LRS to record and store two types of breakthrough in collaborative and public policy, it is clear that the central research. The first of these gains is the cumu­ on magnetic tape descriptions of all bills and problem of polltics is one of values, not in­ resolutions introduced in the 90th Congress. lative storage and preservation of solutions-­ formation. Decision-making involves values a kind of division of intellectual labor. Since The system will compile by computer the at all stages. Choice activity especially re­ "Digest of Public Bills" and eventually allow a computer never forgets, all gains or im­ quires value criteria for decision. For in­ provements in computation or analysis, no random recall of bills by number, title, and stance, budgeting is a political activity a.D:d word descriptions, at the request of a Con­ matter how incremental, are preserved until the problem of choice or allocation ultl­ better techniques are perfected and may be gressional office or committee. (Upwards of mately remains one of values. 26,000 bills and resolutions were introduced retrieved, used and refined by contemporary 2. The political use and abuse of infor­ and future generations of decision-makers. in the 89th Congress-an indication of the mation. Information systems in government scale of the project.) One does not have to be a technological may be used to serve the political purposes radical to appreciate the cumulative potential Congressman Robert McClory (R-Ill.) who of the political actors who have the resources in the 89th Oongress introduced the first bill of computer programming. If most human to control them. How then can one prevent decisions have an underlying structure, as in either House directly applying ADP tech­ the President or program-oriented bureau niques to the work of Congress, has been disjointed, incremental, restricted in scope chief from consciously or unconsciously bias­ as that structure may be, in time computer the most articulate spokesman for Congres­ ing an information system that Congress sional action. Congressman McClory, con­ programmers and analysts will discover and must use? program the impllcit decision techniques, cerned by the growing "information gap" be­ 3. Cost factors. Government (and the tax­ tween the President and Oongress, proposed rules, and coefficients. Already computer pro­ payer) must pay the bill for the computers, grams based on the analysis of past mana­ to equip the Oongress with "an identified their programming and the personnel to man capability, based on automatic data process­ gerial behavior have proved more efficient them. Balanced against this cost is the prob­ than continued management practices (i.e., ing devices and procedures, to retrieve se­ lem of final payoffs: how much tangible lected information that is of priority value rules of thumb) based on experience. Most difference will all this new equipment make? computer experts do not expect the computer to the Members and .committees." Acknowledging these reservations, how­ After viewing the new system, Congress­ to replace the human decision-maker but ever, we still believe that the combined and rather to extend his planning and decisional man McClory anticipated that some of the cumulative impa.ct of the new information next ADP applications might be: capacities through the continued refinement technology will bring some radical changes of man-machine interaction. The computer ( 1) Dally printouts summarizing the pre­ in the environment of governmental deci­ vious day's Congressional action; wlll thus absorb the incrementalists in its sion-making. inexorable accumulation of intellectual (2) An automated index of congressional Mid-1970 is only six years away-it is im­ documents and legal periodicals; power. possible that improvements in the legisla­ ON-LINE COMMUNITY (3) Up-to-the-minute information on leg­ tive process from wide use of advanced data islative issues scheduled for debate; Even more significant than the steady de­ systems will actually be achieved by 1975? (4) Vote summaries on bills ·alrea.dy velopment of computer programs is the ad­ Studies by Rand Corporation experts suggest passed; . vent in prototype form of "the on-line in­ that by the early 1970's computers will be ( 5) The status of legislaJtion pending in tellectual community" based on man-com­ small, plentiful, and inexpensive. Computing committee; puter interaction and computer-facilitated power will be available to anyone who needs cooperation among men in a university set­ it, or wants it, or can use it either by means (6) Description of information stored on ting. Carl F. J. Overhage and R. Joyce Har­ of a personal console connected to some large computer :files in the Executive departments. man describe the potential breakthrough central facility, or by a small personal ma­ THE WIND IS SHIFTING based on the experience of Project MAC chine. Additional projections foresee, by 1975, A quiet revolution in thinking appears to (research and development of Machine­ a computer that wm make possible auto­ be taking place on capitol Hill. Members Aided Cognition and Multiple-Access Com­ matic libraries able to look up and reproduce privately express the desire to be aware· of puter systems) at M.I.T.: copy; by 1978, automated looking up of legal coming problems so they can "gear up" for "Because communication among men is information, and the V!idespread use of auto­ them. A few Senators and Congressmen al­ fallible, and because heretofore men did not matic decision-making at the management ready sense that information technology is have effective ways of expressing complex level for industrial and national planning. the "coming thing" and are investing their ideas unambiguously-and recalling them, By the mid-1980's, the computer will begin to own time as well as that of their committee testing them, transferring them, and con­ realize its potential as a research tool through staff and/or their office staff in developing verting them from a static record into ob­ modeling and experimentation, as an inte­ a greater famll1a.rity with information sys­ servable, dynamic behavior-the accumula­ gral part of the educational system, and in tems. tion of correlatable contributions was op­ areas such as medicine and biological A wide range of Congressional committees posed by continual erosion; and the melding sciences. have been studying a variety of related prob­ of contributions was hampered by diver­ Assuming that the projected technology is lems (and educating their members in the gencies of convention and format that kept largely realized within the Executive branch process): the implementation of (PPBS) the one man's ideas from meshing with an­ by the mid 1970's, we shall examine some of Planning-Programming Budgeting System other's. The prospect is that, when several its consequences within the Executive and pioneered by former Secretary of Defense or many people work together within the then go on to examine the potential impact RobertS. McNamara; tile development of so­ context of an on-line, interactive, community on Congress. cial indicators and a system of social ac­ computer network, the superior facilities of NEW BUREAUCRATIC CLASS counts; copyright legislation relating to in- that network for expressing ideas, preserving First, there will result a centralization of formation rettieval; the application of the facts, modeling processes, and information effective decision-making authority at the systems approach to urban problems and and the same behavior-those superior facili­ Presidential and departmental levels. As the environmental pollution; and, the conse­ ties will so foster the growth and Integration compartmentalized information resources of quences of computer technology for individ­ of knowledge that the incidence of major indi'\'idual agencies are integrated into com­ ual privacy. The committee publications of achievement will be markedly increased." prehensive information systems, political the Congress--hearings, staff reports and Comparable networks will in time be avail­ executives will have greater leverage over the memoranda selected documents-already able in business and government and among bureaucra.cy. At the same time fewer people constitute one of the most comprehensive sectors of each of these communities with will be involved in policy decisions. The like­ and relevant sheafs of fa.cts on the social and overlapping research interests. The potential ly long-term trend in the Federal government political implications of the new- informa­ of man-machine-man Interaction for pure 1s toward the development of highly trained tion technology. and applied research· is one of the scarcely professional "analyst" staffs within the Whlle most Congressmen and their staffs August· '7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22959 have bad only a brief -introduction to --in­ Of CongiessmEm will choose to play the role establishment of the modern Executive bu­ 'formation technology and its potential,- a of legislative inven'j;or or watchdog, the ef­ t:eaucracy, the Executive staffs to the Presi­ start has at leas'!; been made. ~e r_eal change fectiveness of such members will be enor­ dent, and the Legislative Reorganization Act in Congressional attitude and skills w1ll pJ;ob­ mously increased by computer-assisted tech­ of 1946, there arose a specialization of roles­ ably not ·be felt, however, until a new wave niques of search and analysis. Members will E:Kecutive leadership and Congressional re­ of poUtical talent with practical exp~rience be free to "browse" through the data ar­ view or oversight. The model of "Executive­ with computers-through universities and chives in developing and assessing legislative centered" government while tending to en­ the private sector-is elected to C~mgress. alternatives. Some legislators wlll hire pro- hance the power of the President and reduce Some of the mM experts have already turned fessional analysts on their omce staffs or ac­ the autonomy of Congress, was based on a up in the halls of Congress. One of them; · quire analytical skills themselves. While rationale that differentiated roles for Presi­ formerly employed by the International Busi­ such legislative diligence will still be the dent and Congress. ness Machines Corporation and a candidate exception, one can readily foresee a Con­ Simply stated, the President set the agenda for the Doctorate in Business/Government gressman sitting at a console in his omce for legislation; the Congress reviewed, Relations from the Harvard Business School poring over a computer print-out into the amended, and passed legislation; the Presi­ (then) freshman Congressman Donald W. late evening hours and cutting through the dent supervised the execution of the laws Riegle, Jr. (R-Mlch.), caused somewhat of paper arguments and justifications of Execu­ by the federal bureaucracy; and the Con­ a stir in Washington in the fall of 1967 by tive programs with penetrating lines of ques­ gress reviewed administrative performance. sending then Secretary of Defense Robert tions. Executive-centered government, however, McNamara a request for a mat_rix of 85 spe­ In addition, ad hoc congressional study and conferred important relative information ad­ cific data items for which he (Riegle) had work groups wouU freely form and disperse vantages on the President. The President was Written a computer program. Another fresh­ as new challenging tasks arose at the inter­ closer to the day-to-day operations of the man Senator with a combined engineering stices of committee power. The work of such Executive bureaucre,cy. He had access to the and law background, Senator Howard H. study groups would be "collateral" to that detailed information generated by the budg­ Baker, Jr. (R-Tenn.), lectured the Associa­ of the standing committees but would intro­ etary cycle and the numerous intelligence tion for Computing Machinery about the im­ duce a needed :flexibility into the Congres­ activities of the general bureaucracy. More­ pending nuclear power breakthrough in sional organization. over, the budgetary process and supporting breeder reactors that could produce power CAN DEMOCRATIZE COMMITTEES central staff gave him a continuing frame­ at almost zero fuel cost and the need for a work for decision. much broader Congressional overview and While information systems afford new pos­ plan for the technological and social revo­ sibilities for specialization and increased BLURRING DISTINCTIONS lution that this impUed. Senator Baker has committee power-especially in the area of A second major rationalization of author­ been an articulate spokesman for a new Sen­ legislative oversight or control of the Ex­ ity has begun -with ·the new emphasis on ate Select Committee for Technology and ecutive bureaucracy, they should also afford program budgeting and information systems the Human Environment. possibilities to "democratize" committee in government. As this rationalization pro­ Impressive as these inciividual examples power. Where limited information previously ceeds many of the assumptions underlying may be, Congress as an institution has yet conferred important advantages on those specialized roles for the President and Con­ to experience the potential of information few individuals who had the legislative sen­ gress will have to be re-examined. The dis­ technology. Widespread Congressional inter­ iority and central committee positions to tinction between Executive decision-making est suggests a greater receptivity toward accumulate such information, now general­ and broad policy oversight will become in­ computers and information systems than ized availability of information and program creasingly blurred as the time perspective of might at first inspection have been antici­ analyses wou1d enable junior committee governmental decision-makers is lengthened. pated. It is still Ukely, however, that Con­ members and interested Congressmen not on As improved information systems yield better gress will lag behind the Executive in fully the committee to gain a better understanding indicators of performance, reduce the time accepting the new technology. of the issues involved. The majority would of the management information cycle, and have greater opportunity to infiuence com­ HOW LONG Wll.L IT TAKE permit real-time monitoring of governmental mittee action and to prevail against the com­ activities, the Congressional role of "over­ How great a lag will exist by our projected mittee on the fioor when its action was not sight" (review after the fact) will be supple­ date of 1975-assuming that Congress per­ representative of the views of the entire mits the Executive to implement the new mented by new possibilities for "control" membership. (legislative decision or activity prior to the technology without hinderances? We may Generalized information systems should posit three points on a continuum from relevant administrative action). The policy enable Congress to satisfy both the necessity or control functions of the President and (I) Congressional resistance to computer for specialization and the goal of compre­ technology, notably the failure to fund any Congress will become less distinguishable as hensive policy reviews. Where information both develop the capacity to ask program central computational facility for use by on Executive agency activities has been com­ the Congress, the failure to budget any allow­ questions and undertake analyses of data partmentalized within the Executive budget from the same generalized information sys­ ance for Congressmen to utilize other facil­ and the Congressional committee system, ities, and the failure to provide analyst staff tems or specially developed systems for their it would now be available to any curious own use. for the use of the committees and/or mem­ Congressman. The "special analyses" of the bers; through (II) limited Congressional ac­ One restraint on a fully developed Con­ federal budget already being developed by gressional policy role in the past has been ceptance of computer facilities and analyst the Bureau of the Budget are a prototype of staff with access tightly controlled by the the unwillingness of Congress to build a par­ the kind of comprehensive information that allel legislative staff bureaucracy. As a result, individual committees and/or party leader­ Congressional committees will be able to tap. ships; to (III) open Congressional accept­ Congress has often had to "second guess" Individual Congressional committees, no the Executive without the information to ance, with all members enjoying "free" use longer limited to information within their of computer facilities and full access to staff back its hunches. Now, as technology gen­ agency jurisdiction, could become important eralizes the availability of information, Con­ and data resources. According to our projec­ loci for government-wide program review and tion, Congress could have moved all the way gress can tap into Executive-based informa­ coordination. Where the President alone has tion systems, establish quality controls, and to Situation III by the mid-1970's. A more had the information to develop a measure realistic estimate would place it somewhere develop more limited information systems of agency coordination, Congressional com­ for its own specific requirements. Congress between Situations II and III. Ultimately, mittees would now share that information, in our estimate, Congress will operate in will review, evaluate, analyze and make its and the authority to use it, subject to the own determination of priorities. The process Situation III although the exact institu­ majority support of Congress. tional form in which it organizes and applies of making choices and analyses more explicit these new resources remains to be deter­ NEW BALANCE OF POWER enables Congress to participate much more mined. While the application of information tech­ intelligently and vigorously, with a limited Accelerating the acceptance of innovation nology in government will have its greatest staff, in the decision-making process. In fact, are the built-in tensions between authoriz­ immediate political impact within the Ex­ there may even be a danger of too vigorous ing and appropriations committees both ecutive (with important secondary conse­ participation. eager to control program decision; the pub­ quences, as we have observed for the Con­ The new definition of the separation of Ucity incentive for committee and subcom- gress), the longer term consequences of bet­ powers that will evolve is a matter for spec­ . mittee chairmen generally to identify them­ ter information in government raise funda­ ulation. If we assume the trends that we selves with innovations and the perennial mental questions about the American system projected earlier, distinctive Presidential and Congressional fear that Congress is yield­ of separated powers. Congress and legislative Congressional biases may soon develop in the ing initiative and authority to the President; bodies generally need not lose power to the decision-making process. We might expect party competition; and, the generational Executive. The potential advance in infor­ the Executive to overemphasize the benefits divide between "activists" and high senior­ mation technology is theoretically equally of rationalization in program formulation tt y Congressmen. accessible to both the President and Con­ and administration, to overvalue economic Indeed, once he had access to the new data gress, with Congress standing to enhance its and technical criteria of performance. If the · processing and systems imalysis tools, the powers versus the Executive considerably. new information technology leads to an in­ contributions of the individual legis'lator The thorny question of how power should creasing separation between operating mis­ would ·be considerably enlarged. We have be organized in the American political sys­ sions, life styles, and social roles for those noted the contribution of i-ndividual legisla­ tem will be faced once again. institutions and individuals involved in ra­ tors to Congressional initiative in legislation Beginning roughly with the Budget and tionalized activities compared V> those in­ and investigation. Although only a minority Accounting Act ·of 1921 arid including the volved in nonrationalized ones, Congress, 22960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 representative of a society embracing both should become the avex:age. lncoine from .eign military campaign of the United lifestyles, would inherit the difficult task of tolls at present rates would require about 10 States. Included in the membership are mediating the impact of the former on the years to pay pUbliShed costs of the bridge. latter .and restraining the tendency toward This fi,gure does not include the .new high in­ veterans of the Spanish-American War, irrational and .frustrated response. Congress terest rates on bonds, salaries. .maintenance both World Wars, the Korean war, the would add elements o! "political rationality," or other certain new costs. At the average _war in Vietnam, the "Boxer Rebellion, the considerations of human costs and benefits toll income for the .first half of tliui year . Philippine Insurrection, campaigns on to the decision-making process. more than ~0 years will be required to meet the Mexican border., and Nicaraguan ex­ SYSTEMIC DISSONANCE the cumulative costs of this additional span peditions. at a location where access is already over­ In this context, one rationale for tbe sepa­ The total membership today is 1,800,- loaded. 000. Millions of fighting men have been ration of powers-"systemic dissonance"­ Further, 1f high speed roadways are ac­ takes on new significance. We have suggested tually part of our nation's defense system, members dunng th-e seven decades that through this discussion that the reVolution isn't it logicaJ. to assume that a single area have elapsed since 1899. Present and in information technology represents an al­ of twin bridges will offer .a far easier tar­ former members 'include President Rich­ most Immeasurable potential increase in get for a potential .enemy's attack than sev­ ard M. Nixon and former Presidents man's knowle

ministration of the Department of Housing I have lntroduced a number of bills to tory maximum. which is e.ssential, the Admin­ and Urban Development has been some­ insure that the public housing program. is istration is proposing "clarlfyi.ng" legisl-ation what unreceptive to changing or increas­ refiective of the needs and dem-ands for the in order to do what It has the power to do ing the program's operation. program. a.dmlnistratively. Unlike other housing programs, the pub­ The key to meeting these needs is by in­ In light of the incre.a.slng operating costs lic housing program is operated on the basis creasing the amount o! Federal subsidies which many public housing agencies are ex­ of contract authorization provided by the which the Department of Housing and Urban periencing, I believe that more clarifying lan­ Congress. Through Fiscal Year 1969 the con­ Development is authorized to allocate to local guage is an insuffi.cient remedy for the prob­ tract authority available to HUD to enter public housing agencies. lem. What is required is an increase in the into annual contributions contracts stood at Oper31ting expenses to the federally-aided present statutory limit. $754.26 milllon; by Fiscal Year 1970, it w1ll public housing program in New York City In order to achieve that end, I have intro­ stand at $804.5 million. Yet in terms of have increased to such an extenrt that tenants duced H.R. 10194, which changes the present actual payments made--which Is after pub­ are facing increased rentals beyond their subsidy formula so that the formula would lic housing projects are completed-the com­ means. Given the limited financial resources specifically include debt service plus one per­ parable figures were $350 million (plus a of most cities, this problem can only be cent and an additional amount "to the extent supplemental request of $16 m1lllon) for alleviated by increasing the amount of Fed­ required to permit low-rent housing to con­ Fiscal Year 1969 and a budget request for eral subsidies which the Department of tinue to fulfill its goal of providing housing appropriations for Fiscal Year 1970 of Housing and Urban Development is author­ at rents which families of low income can af­ $473.5 million. The large discrepancies be­ ized to allocate to local public housing ford to pay, taking into account such routine tween authorizations and appropriations in agencies. So that you w1ll have a better operating costs of the projects involved (in­ the public housing program results in the understanding of the need for a new subsidy cluding the cost of providing adequate secu­ inadequacy and slowness of the program's formula, and not just clarifications of exist­ rity for tenant) as may be necessary or ap­ operation. ing authority, let me discuss this situation propriate for the purpose." And this lack of speed is not only charac­ in relation to New York City. In effect, H.R. 1019~ would make it possible teristic of the present. In 1966 and 1967 According to the New York City Housing for the Secretary to determine the subsidy new starts for public housing stood at 23,000 Authority, routine operating expenses to the formula required to maintain rents at a level and 40,000 respectively, while 60,000 units federally-aided public housing program in which low-income families can afford, taking could have been started under the authori­ New York City have increased 123% -since into account normal operating expenses and zation figures for those two years. The Presi­ 1932. Rents paid by tenants, related to their particularly the cost of police protection for dent's National Commission on Urban Prob­ incomes have increased 72 % . The deficits to tenants, which, in most large cities is lems has concluded: the public housing program which have re­ urgent ly needed. Rising crime rates in public "Any- blame for the late slowdown there­ sulted have grown so acute during the past housing projects in New York City are alarm­ fore cannot properly be charged to Congress." few years that it has been necessary for the ing-so much so that tenants feel compelled The Commission also gave this criticism Housing Authority to withdraw funds from to organize volunteer groups to protect them­ of public housing operations: its reserves. Under established procedures, selves. "An excessive and at times a disgraceful the aoeumulated reserve funds for the New Section 2 of H.R. 10194 would permit the delay in the planning, approval, and con­ York City Housing Authority should cur­ Secretary to increase the cost limitations to struction of projects." rently amount to somewhat more than $30 the extent necessary to reflect increases in million. But the present balance, as of March It has been estimated that the average construction costs for a particular geographic 1969, is only about $12 million. Chairman total time for completion of a conventional area. In New York City, where construction Albert Walsh of the New York City Housing public housing project is three to four years. costs are skyrocketing, this fl.exibillty is es­ Authority has indicated that he expects sential if the demand for public housing is to It is tragic that HUD cannot, or w1l1 not, complete exhaustion of reserve funds before increase production of public housing units be met. the close of 1970, unless rents of tenants are Section 3 of my bill makes it clear that when the need is so great. In , substan-:;ially increased without regard to the new subsidy formula set forth in the bill there were 193,000 applicants for public their ability to pay. would apply existing projects well as housing across the country-an average ratio The alternative for New York, then, is total to as projects completed. after the enactment of of 28 applicants to every vacancy. In New exhaustion of reserve funds ln 19 months or this legislation. York City alone there were 117 vacancies and an increase in rents that most Y>nants sim­ 80,000 requests for admission-a ratio of 752 ply will not be able to meet. In view of the escalating costs of public applicants to every vacancy. Today there are At the present time, the Department of housing agencies. I believe it is imperative 135,000 New York City residents on the wait­ Housing and Urban Development contracts that this body adopt a formula such as the ing list. to pay annually to the New York City Public one embodied in H.R. 10194. To accept only The Public housing program has also Housing Authority only the sum actually re­ a "clarification" in language which I believe tended to be unresponsive to the need for quired for debt service on bonds issued for already gives clear authority to the Depart­ housing large low-income families. Rather the capital cost of each public housing proj­ ment of Housing and Urban Development to HUD has increasingly used the public hous­ ect. Although it Is my interpretation, and pay debt service requirements plus two per ing program to serve the needs of. our elderly the interpretation of New York City Housing cent of operating costs falls far short of what population which is most important. From Authority Chairman Albert Walsh, that HUD is required. January 1960 through , 110,000 presently has authority, under section 10(c) By permitting the Secretary to increase public housing units for the elderly were and (d) of the United States Housing Act cost limitations to reflect increases in con­ under construction which amounted to 43 % of 1937, to pay the debt service plus two per­ struction costs in a particular geographic of the total of 256,000 units being built dur­ cent of the operational cost of a public hous­ area, H .R. 10194 would serve to counter the ing this time period. Since 1965 public ing project, HUD apparently takes the posi­ rising costs of housing construction which housing starts for the elderly were running tion that the basic statute needs to l;le clari­ will otherwise virtually eliminate the possi­ at the rate of 57% of the total units being fied. Accordingly, HUD has recommended the b111ty of building adequate and attractive built. Another way to put it is that in 1960 clarifying language which is contained in public housing. Since 1946 the residential the elderly occupied only 14% of all public Section 5 of S. 527 and Section 204 of S. 2620. construction index has gone up by more than housing; by 1965, 29 % , and by 1967, 33% . HUD seems to believe that in order to pay 90% . Section 205 of the Administration's bill The Housing and Urban Development Act the two percent specified in section 10(c) will only allow a 45 % increase instead of the of 1968 made clear the need for this country and (d) of the United States Housing Act present $750 increase. If we fail to raise real­ to provide additional housing units for low­ of 1937, it is necessary to have language istically the cost limitation on public hous­ income families. At the same time the which specifies that the annual contribution ing, we will be forever plagued by the argu­ Douglas Commission states: under any contract is not limited to debt ment that they are unA-ttractive, institutional "The actual situa.tion is, in fact, worse than service requirements. structures. the figures indicate, for more than half of In other words, the amendment requested I would also recommend that HUD change the total units built in recent years were by the Administration would merely state its administrative limit of $20,000 per unit, specifically for the elderly. Moreover, a large that HUD has the authority to do what I be­ including land acquisition and development portion of the remaining number intended lieve it already has authority to do under the and acquisition costs. Per unit costs which for families were built in the smaller cities, exiSting statute. This is clear from the testi­ have been established by HUD mean that in which either had a comparatively small mony of Secretary Romney on July 15 be­ high cost areas such as New York City, the Negro population or had very few previous fore this subcommittee in which he said: only way projects can be built within the units of public housng. Thus the great need "The amendment (Section 284 of S. 2620) overall per-unit llmitation iS by restricting of the large central cities for housing for poor would not, however permit the annual con­ the number of rooms. This means that public families was largely unmet. •• tributions to exceed the statutory maximum. housing fails to adequately provide for the This Congress must insist that HUD use now established by the United States Hous- needs of large families in such areas. And it the public housing program to serve the ing Acto! 1937." is such families who most desperately need needs of large, low-income families. The r have previously called upon Secretary public housing. Congress must make clear its Department of Housing and Urban Develop­ Romney to increase the subsidy for public intent to HUD that a sizeable proportion of ment must also increase the production of housing in New York City to the statutory low-rent public housing units should be public housing units at least to the level maximum through administrative action. In­ constructed to accommodate large families. authorized by Congress. stead of asking for an increase in the statu- The Douglas Commission points out: CXV--!447-Part 17 22964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969

"If public housing is to serve the people allowed to purchase units on the same basis That Commission went on to point out who need it most, a far larger proportion of as middle-income groups do through con­ that the Housing Act of 1949 gave three pur­ the apartment units should have three and dominium or cooperative arrangements? poses for urban renewal: clearance, providing four bedrooms, with some five and six to ef­ RENT SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM low-income housing through acquisition and fect this, the Administration ceiling on the preparation of land sites, and private enter­ cost per apartment should be withdrawn and Since the Rent Supplement Program was prise participation in re-development of first authorized in the Housing and Urban forgotten." cities. The President's Committee on Urban Hous­ Development Act of 1968 this program has We know from 20 years experience that ing has also recommended that HUD cost been starved for funds, and each year its most of the land that has been utilized for limitations on design and amenities be supporters have had to fight valiantly to help the urban renewal program was originally keep it alive. As of January 1 of this year changed. occupied by low- and moderate-income hous­ H.R. 601 would amend the United States only 4,500 units in 146 projects had been ing. We also know from 20 years experience Housing Act of 1937 to remove the existing completed and occupied while 28,000 units that the urban renewal program has been 15 per centum limit on the amount of assist­ were ready for, or under construction; and essentially irrelevant to the needs for hous­ ance which may be provided thereunder for another 27,000 units were under program res­ ing of the poor and near-poor. We know that low-rent public housing in any one state. ervation. Yet during the Fiscal Year 1969 the 810,000 units of public housing proposed this program began to pick up momentum in the 1949 Act have still not been completed Public housing should be built where the as witnessed by the fact that by March, 1969, need is greatest and not on the basis of an by 1969. We know that very little in the way it used up its contract authorization. This of housing re-use for urban renewal sites has artificial quota system. The Douglas Com­ is an encouraging development for it will mission report concluded that the smaller been undertaken except for some luxury mean that many more units will soon be­ housing. That is why the program has popu­ nonrural places were getting a dispropor­ come available to low-income families. tionate share of public housing units. larly been called by some of our inner city H.R. 602 would remove the existing dollar But this program also is difficult to under­ dwellers as "Negro removal." limit on the amount of annual contributions take in our larger metropolitan areas such The Douglas Commission undertook a sur­ which may be contracted for by the Depart­ as New York where the maximum income vey of 1,555 renewal projects across the coun­ ment of Housing and Urban Development. limits for eligibility for rent supplement try. Of the total surveyed 67% were pre­ This bill would also serve to insure that the payments is $6,100. Many needy low-income dominately residential before renewal was program is based on the demand and need for families are not eligible to participate in this initiated. After urban renewal, only 43% the program rather than a statutory contract program because HUD has determined ad­ were predominately residential. And what authority limitation. With so many of our low ministratively that the maximum income happened to the original residents? The Com­ income people living in substandard housing limit is $6,100. Thus, in New York City the mission states: and with inadequate funding by the Congress highest income of any rent supplement ten­ "The rents for most of the new housing of the complementary rent supplement pro­ ant now is $5,450 with a family of seven. units created on the urban renewal sites were gram, it is essential that the public housing I have introduced a bill, H.R. 608, to amend so high that the vast majority of the original program be utilized in relation to the need Section 101 of the 1965 HUD Act to provide occupants could not a1ford to return. They and demand for low income housing. increased rent supplement payments in the were priced out of their old quarters. The H.R. 604 would amend the United States case of tenants with larger families. The bill majority of those displaced were poor and Housing Act of 1937 to provide that a tenant causes the annual payments which a tenant most of the remainder were either in the in a low-rent public housing project may not makes on his house to refiect the size of his "near poor" class or in the lower middle be evicted without a public hearing. Present family by providing that the portion of his class." legislative and administrative regulations for income which is taken into account in de­ According to the Department of Housing the program do not require that a tenant be termining his rent supplement is reduced and Urban Development figures, 400,000 given the opportunity to due process of law by $200 for each member of his family (other dwelling units have been demolished ln and the opportunity to formally present his than himself and his spouse) who has no urban renewal areas, of which a majority case. H.R. 604 is consistent with the Ameri­ income. This bill is consistent with the re­ were for low and moderate income families. can ideals of justice and asks only that a cent recommendations in the report of the However, of the 195,999 dwelling units being public hearing be given a tenant regarding National Commission on Urban Problems planned for these same sites, only 18,766 or his proposed eviction, that the deoision of the which called for additional subsidies for the less than 10% will be public housing. On the local public housing agency be based on the abject poor and the large poor family based other hand, 62.3% of the planned units will record of the hearing, and that such decision on annual income and size of family. My bill be for the relatively well-to-do. As can be be subject to judicial review in the courts. would help to alleviate the situation under seen, the original intent of the Housing Act It is hardly necessary to state that it is only which the rent supplement program pres­ of 1949-to provide low and moderate in­ fair that public housing tenants be accorded ently operates, which does not adequately come sites-has been distorted in practice. the same standards of justice that exist for take into consideration large income fami­ Why has this been so? The President's Com­ those more fortunate. lies, especially in our larger metropolitan mission on Urban Problems concludes: The Urban Coalition has also proposed that areas. "The principal reason for the failure of local housing authorities be required to give Another problem facing the rent supple­ this program, over its first eighteen years, reasons for evicting tenants and the estab­ ment program is the fact that most projects to fulfl.ll the clear intentions of the Housing lishment of a Board of Tenant Affairs in pub­ are 90 % or more rent supplement units. The Act of 1949 is that too many local and Fed­ lic housing programs. rent supplement program, when originally eral officials in it and too many of their H.R: 607 would broaden the opportunities introduced, had as a goal economically inte­ allies and supporters either did not under­ under the Housing Act of 1937 for occupants grated projects. However, due to Congres­ stand its major purposes or did not take them of dwelling units in low rent housing projects sional regulations on the limits for maximum seriously. Instead of a grand assault on to purchase such units. The Housing and Ur­ fair market rentals and specific dollar limits slums and blight as an integral part of a ban Development Act of 1968, Section 205 on construction costs, builders are somewhat campaign for •a decent home and a suitable states that tenants can purchase public hous­ reluctant to build projects which will attract living environment' for every American fam­ ing units only if "the property to be acquired a broad economic spectrum of clientele. The ily, renewal was and is too often looked upon is sufficiently separable from other property result, in some cases, has been that rent sup­ as a Federally-financed gimmick to provide retained by the public housing agency to plement projects offer few amenities and do relatively cheap land for a miscellany of make it suitable." My bill would also permit not meet the goal of integrated projects. profitable or prestigious enterprises." purchase as well for "the disposition of all Congress should remove these limits on max­ The urban renewal program has neglected or part of the project to (and the operation imum rents and on construction costs. the housing needs of poor people not only and management by) a nonprofit cooperative URBAN RENEWAL in action but also in the planning and ad­ housing corporation or trust formed by oc­ ministration of the program. It has mis­ cupants of the project." Thus H.R. 607 would A persistent misunderstanding which I erably failed those persons most in need of make it possible for all or part of a public have encountered repeatedly-from both housing and most likely to be hardest hit by housing project to be converted to a non­ practitioners and academicians-is that the renewal-the poor. To quote the Douglas profit cooperative housing corporation or urban renewal program is not related to Commission, "But urban renewal has in the trust fund formed by occupants of the housing. However, the recently released report past gone on its way relatively oblivious to project. of the National Commission on Urban Prob­ the housing needs of the poor." The President's National Commission on lems (the Douglas Commission) stated: To insure that the urban renewal program Urban Problems has recommended in its re­ "That misunderstanding is that urban re­ does not continue to operate oblivious to the port to the President: newal is not essentially a housing-oriented housing needs and gaps facing this country, "The Com.mlssion recommends not only or a housing-related program. Put another I have introduced H.R. 597, to amend Title I that residents of public housing projects be way, it is said that in Title III (Low-Rent of the Housing Act of 1949 to prohibit the permitted to purchase their units in single­ Housing) of the Housing Act of 1949, Con­ construction of luxury housing in the re­ family semi-detached and other 'suitable' gress improved and strengthened the public development of urban renewal areas. My bill st.ructures, but that they be encouraged to housing program set up by the Act of 1937. would go beyond the requirements set forth .enter into cooperative ownership in multi­ In Title I it then undertook, as a separate in the Housing and Urban Development Act family structures as an alternative to evic­ and only indirectly and distantly related pro­ of 1968 which requires that a majority of tion when income rises above ellgibillty gram, to encourage rebuilding slums and housing units in renewal projects within a limits." blighted areas in non-housing and upper­ community be for low and moderate income Why should low income persons not be income housing uses." families and that at least 20% be low income. August 7, 1969 EXTENSI.ONS. OF REMARKS 22965 H.R. 597 would insure that al\ .the housing tional housing policy for adequate housing . The Commission recommends the fO"llow­ built on renewal sites be low- and moderate­ for every American family. H.R. 598 also ing features: income in nature. This Congress and this would require local public agencies to under­ Federal legislation to provide for uniform country are being self-contradictory if on the take relocation rather than some less respon­ ~location policies for an Federal and Fed­ one hand they state (as they did in the 1969 sive or detached private organization under­ erally-a~ded programs: (li} allowance of HUD Act) that we must achieve the goal of taking such a contract for profit. compensation beyond fair market value for six million units of low- and moderate­ H.R. 599 would amend Title I of the Hous­ owner-occupants so they can purchase a income housing in the next decade, and then ing Act of 1969 to provide that individuals, similar home elsewhere without capital loss~ on the other hand, allow the renewal program families, and business concerns shall have a (ill) provision of relocation adjustment pay­ to be utilized for the construction of luxury priority of opportunity to relocate in the re­ ment paid either as a lump sum over time housing which can be provided through the newal project area after its redevelopment. for tenants who must pay higher rents be­ private marketplace and which furthermore, Generally, renewal has meant the displace­ cause of relocation or who must move mO"re is not a critical need at this point in our ment of the poor and near-poor by upper­ than once; (iv) the rt>qulrement that ade­ history. 'middle and upper-income groups. As I stated quate quality housing be available for those I urge the Congress to pass this vitally earlier, a basic intent of the Housing Act of displaced by any demolition before the dem­ needed piece of legislation if we are to achieve ·1949 was the provision :>flow- and moderate­ olition takes place and at prices they can the goals of the Housing Act of 1969 for the income housing through the redevelopment reasonably afford. . . . .o~imlnation of slums and the provision of of land sites. The 1968 HUD Act reaffirmed These seven bills dealing with relocation adequate, decent shelter for every American our efforts to provide decent and safe hous­ would insure fair, just, and humane reloca­ family. ing for these income groups. H.R. 599 would tion procedures. It would strengthen the H.R. 606, which I have introduced, would insure that those displaced by renewal have capacities of local agencies to deal with re­ amend the Housing Act of 1949 to remove the priority of opportunity to return and relocate location problems and it would provide those 12.5 percentage limit on the amount of grant in the renewal area after redevelopment. This displaced with the resources to improve their assistance which may be provided under is a companion bill to H.R. 597 which would homes and living envlronment. urban renewal for any one state. I have require only moderate and low income hous­ FEDERAL HOUSING ADMYNISTRATION AND introduced a s1mllar bill, H.R. 601, to remove ing on renewal sites. These two bills together RELATED HOUSING PROGRAMS the state limitation on grant assistance for would insure that we make steady progress I have been concerned about the attitude public housing. The need for urban renewal toward the national housing goal of 6 mil­ of the Federal Housing Administration is found to be most crucial in the heavily lion new or rehabiUtated low and moderate (FHA) toward the new programs authorized industrialized and crowded cities and Income housing units over the next ten years. in the 1968 HUD Act. For example, mid-way urbanized states; and this program should H.R. 600 would amend Title I of the Hous­ in the fiscal year only $499,000 of a total ap­ reflect the need, not on an artlfical, geo­ ing Act of 1949 to provide more adequate propriation of $25 million had been spent graphic bas'ls, but on the basis of the actual relocation payme.nts for individuals, fam­ by FHA for the Section 235 homeowner­ urban crisis. ilies, and business concerns displaced from ship program. My fears have also been but­ RELOCATION urban renewal areas. The important provi­ tressed by a reading of the recently issued One o! the most often critized aspects o! sions of H.R. 600 is that the provision of report of the President's National Commis­ the urban renewal program has been its re­ losses and expenses to tenants and business sion on Urban Problems. I believe that their location procedures. Seven bills, H.R. 597, concerns be equal to actual losses rather than comments are most important, and should be H.R. 598, 599, 600, 609, 10266, and 10651, a statutory payment llmltation as exists now. given greater public attention. which I have introduced would substantially Tenants should be paid a.u amount equal to The comments of the Douglas Commission improve these procedures and insure that the difference for one year between original are made in the context of the previous rec­ relocation is carried out in the future on a rent and rent paid for accommodations at the ord of FHA, but these comments are im­ fair, just and humane basiS. Too often in replacement site. Small business concerns portant as they apply to FHA's administra­ the past renewal administrators have allowed. could include an amount equal to their loss tion of low- and moderate-income housing the poor and displaced to bear an unneces­ ot profit for the first year after relocation; programs contained in the 1968 HUD Act. sary and unwarranted share of the costs-­ also, they could, after reasonable efforts to The Douglas Commission report states: both human and financial. obtain a suitable replacement site failed, "'The main weakness o! FHA from a social My bllls are consistent with the recent include an amount equal to the fair and point of view has not been in what It has recommendation contained in the report of reasonable market value of their trade or done, but what it has failed to do-in its the President's Oommisslon on Urban Prob­ business unless they are offered a priority relative neglect of the inner cities and of the lems which stated: of opportunity to purchase or lease substi­ poor, and especially the Negro poor. Believing ''The Commission suggests further, how­ tute facilities to be constructed or provided firmly that the poor were bad credit risks ever, that the time has come to reassess re­ in connection with the development project. and that the presence of Negroes tended to location policy and practices in broader The present method of relocation pay­ lower real estate values, FHA has generally terms. For it seems hard to escape the con­ ments unjustly penalizes the poor and small regarded loans to such groups as "economi­ clusion that the primary purpose of reloca­ businessman who find that inadequate pay­ cally unsound" until recently. Therefore, FHA tion practices, if not of announced policy, ments drive them into either overcrowded benefits have been confined almost exclu­ has changed but little. In the earliest stages and substandard housing or bankruptcy and sively to the middle class, and primarily only of renewal it might be summarized: get the foreclosure. The primary policy objective to the middle section of the middle class. site occupants out of the way of project con­ o! relocation should be to make it possible The poor and those on the fringes of poverty struction with as little delay and outright !or a family or a business to move into de­ have been almost completely excluded. These hardship as possible. More recently a clause cent homes and business sites with a mini­ and the lower middle class, together consti­ might be added to the preceding sen­ mum of sacrifice on their part. tuting the 40% of the population whose tence--and with as much Improvement in H.R. 600 would insure that such a policy hQusing needs are greatest, received only their housing as market conditions allow and objective could be achieved. It would als.o 11% of the FHA mortgages.•• with some respect for their dignity as hu­ effectively implement the proposal of the While it is true that Congress has in the man beings." President's Commission on Urban Problems, past served to give support to this conserva­ H.R. 598 would amend Title I of the Hous­ that: A large and steadily increasing pro­ tive insuring policy of FHA, it must also be ing Act of 1949 to require the establishment portion of those displaced, including those related to the fact that FHA itself has been of more effective procedures for the reloca­ o! low-income should be able to go directly somewhat lethargic and, at times, reactionary tion of individuals, famllles and business into a decent home and a suitable living en­ force in the solution of urban housing prob­ concerns from the area of urban renewal vironment regardless of who or what dis­ lems. projects. The major provisions of this bill placed them. The FHA, as the Douglas Commission would: 1.) insure that no property on an H.R. 609 is also related to relocation, but points out in its report time after time, is urban renewal site was disposed of until re­ to relocation as it is applied to all Federal hesitant about new programs and any pro­ location and replacement sites of standard and Federally aided programs. This bill grams involving-the poor. The rent supple­ housing had been completed; 2.) relocation would amend Title I of the Housing Act of ment program is an example. Congress has would be carried out by the local public 1949 to provide more adequate relocation criticized the slow production schedule of the housing agency without contracting their payments, to extend the requirement of such program as well as the program itself. Oppo­ relocation to private agencies, institutions, payments to persons displaced under all nents of this program until recently had organizations. Federal and Federally aided programs and little to worry about because the rent supple­ In far too many cases, a lo~l public agency to establish in the Department of Housing ment program is mainly carried out at the does not have adequate standard housing and Urban Development a central relocation local and regional levels-where FHA inac­ available for displacees but will move such agency which will actually make relocation tion and resistance have been strong. The persons out regardless. The tendency has payments and provide assistance to displaced Douglas Commission has .expressed concern been for public agencies to view relocation persons in obtaining them. about this problem. as a. "ground-cleaning operation" rather than H.R. 609 would include the provisions con­ With a new Administration in power, fears as an essential and important part of the tained ln H.R. 600 for payments to individ­ were expressed about the future of the new total renewal operation-that is, .to both re­ uals and businesses. H.R. 609 is slmilar in FHA programs of housing for low- and mod­ new and to provide adequate housing. Local nature to the recommendations oontained in erate-income famllles. While it is true that agencies have for too long failed to realize the report of the President's National Com­ Sections 101, 105 and 106 of the Administra­ that relocation is a component in the na... mission on Urban Problems. tion's bill promise to maintain the Insurance 22966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 and contract authority of these programs, our Cooperative Rehabilitation Housing Act­ bits of paint and plaster that peel and fall fears are not assuaged or diminished. In­ and H.R. 596, to deal with cooperative hous­ from the wal~s and ceilings in dilapidated creased contract authority is fine, but stands ing. The Cooperation Rehabilitation Housing housing. Although the more recent coats of in sharp contrast to the actions of Secretary Act would provide Federal assistance to pail:~t in such apartments are usually lead­ Romney who, less than one week after taking enable tenants of multi-family housing in free-in New York City lead-based apart­ office, announced a hike on FHA mortgage low- and moderate-income urban areas, or­ ment paint has been outlawed for some interest rates from 6.75 % to 7.5 %. This has ganized as cooperatives to acquire and re­ time-the lead content from paint applied a drastic effect on government subsidy pro­ habilitate such housing. This Act would fur­ in past years frequently comes to the surface grams such as rent supplement and Section ther the opportunities for homeownership when outer coats of paint peel off interior 236. Each percentage point increase costs the similar to the provision for Section 235 surfaces. middle-income home buyer $10 per month homeownership for lower-income families To deal with this problem, I have intro­ more on a $15,000, 30-year mortgage. But for programs authorized in the 1968 HUD Act. duced three bills, which would accomplish the government-subsidized housing programs This Act would enable local groups to rid the following: the costs are far greater-for it will mean an the slums of absentee landlords who have H.R. 9191 establishes a fund in the De­ increase in governmental outlays for subsidy failed to keep up their properties while at p artment Of Health, Education and Welfare payments and fewer units which can be the same time charging exorbitant rentals. from which the Secretary may make grants covered under existing appropriations for de­ As the Act states, "It is the purpose of this to local governments to develop a program cent housing for our poor population. The Act, by providing Federal financial and other to identify and treat individuals atHicted by middle-income dweller will have to pay more assistance, to enable the occupants of multi­ lead poisoning. $7.5 million would be author­ per month; the low-income person will re­ family housing in low- and moderate-income ized for this purpose annually for three years. main in squalor and filth, without decent urban areas to acquire and rehabilitate the H.R. 9192 is directed at the problem of heating or lighting along with overcrowded structures in which they live." The bill pro­ slum housing itself and the need to elim­ and unbearable living conditions. vides a low-interest, revolving fund for ac­ inate the cause of lead poisoning-the peel­ It is unfortunate that the Administration quisition and rehabilitation. It enables ten­ ing of lead-based paint from interior sur­ did not give some thought to the recommen­ ants t o negotiate a sale directly with a faces of dilapidated housing. This legisla­ dations of the Douglas Commission: private owner or to acquire the dwelling tion authorizes the Secretary of HUD to make "The Commission recommends that ma­ from a municipality. There are also incen­ grants to local governments to develop pro­ chinery be devised in the Executive Branch tives for municipalities to acquire, through grams for the detection of the presence of of the government to insure that when basic condemnation or otherwise, dwellings, which lead-based paints and to require that owners economic decisions are made, their effects are in repeated violation of local building and land:ords remove it from interior sur­ on housing construction and housing con­ codes or health codes, for the purpose of faces. $13.5 million would be authorized for struction goals be clearly and deliberately eventually transferring them to resident this purpose annually for three years. considered. The Commission further recom­ cooperatives. I have also introduced H.R. 11699 which mends that the President and his Economic H.R. 51 also has a provision for a technical would require the local governments submit Advisers, the Federal Reserve Board, the assistance service in HUD to facilitate the and have approved by the Secretary of HUD Treasury Department, and other departments organization and management of such co­ an effective plan for eliminating the causes and major agencies of the Government, be operatives. Presently, tenants are unable un­ of lead-based paint poisoning as a prerequi­ required to state what effect - any major der existing Federal programs to form co­ site to receiving federal funds for housing change in economic policy (e.g., interest rate operatives and receive Federal assistance for rehabilitation or for code enforcement. This changes, tax reductions or increases, balance­ rehabilitation. Given the present economics would generate pressure on local govern­ of-payment proposals) would have on the of slum housing it is unlikely that the ab­ ments to develop effective programs for re­ .successful building of the number of hous­ sentee owner will take advantage of Federal moving the lead-based paints which cause ing units set by the President in his annual assistance for rehabilitation under Section lead poisoning from the interior surfaces of housing construction goals message." 312. dilapidated housing. Secretary Romney, in the raising of FHA Rehabilitated public housing forms the The elimination of lead-based paint poi­ mortglage interest rates, made no statement greatest single category of successful re­ soning, and the tragic effects it has for so on the specific effects of his action on the habilitation efforts. Approximately 20,000 many children requires that Oongress ap­ Sections 235 and 236 programs and the rent rehabilitated public housing units are cur­ prove a national program for identifying and supplement programs. It would appear that rently under contract. The average develop­ treating existing cases of lead poisoning and, the action of the Secretary, which will please ment cost was $12,822 per unit in Fiscal more basically, to eliminate the lead-based many in FHA, was made without adequate Year 1966, substantially less than compara­ paints which cause the disease from inner consideration of low-income people or the ble new housing construction. As successful city housing. The approach proposed in H.R. needs facing this country for low-income as the experience in rehabilitated public 9191, H.R. 9192, and H.R. 11699 would, I be­ housing. housing may have been, it has none of the lieve, achieve these goals. I concur wholeheartedly with the state­ advantages associated with ownership. The ment of the President's National Commission familiar effects of pride of ownership im­ OTHER HOUSING PROPOSALS on Urban Problems: prove maintenance and reduce costs. The Adequate maintenance of low-income rental "Nothing could do more to stimulate hous­ Parchester Ooopera.tive in Southeas·t Wash­ property ing, reduce the cost of subsidies, and achieve ington is a good example. H .R. 605 would amend the Internal Rev­ the goal of a decent home and a suitable liv­ H.R. 51 is also important because it pro­ enue Code of 1954 to require the owner of an ing environment for every American family, poses a dit:ect loan fund. I have long h.eld apartment building or other multi-family than a reduction in the general level of in­ the belief that direct loans are insufficiently structure to establish and utilize a repair, terest rates. We are aware of the nation's utilized in Federal housing programs. The replacement, and maintenance reserve as a balance of payments difficulties and of in­ success of New York's Mitchell-Lame law condition of the allowance of a depreciation fiationary pressures at home. But we urge the demonstrates that direct loan programs are deduction with respect to such a structure. solution of these problems by means other able to meet the needs of low- and moderate­ This bill is designed to take the profit out of than a major reliance on monetary policy income housing. the slums. As it exists now, slumlords can and rising interest rates, which have had H.R. 596 would amend Title II of. the Na­ fail adequately to maintain their properties such a negative effect on housing production tional Housing Act to provide Federal Hous­ while still receiving a depreciation allowance for the most needy families in the country." ing Administration mortgage insurance for for that property. The owner wins on both COOPERATIVE HOUSING individuals purchasing dwelling units in co­ ends: the tenants pay _exorbitant rents for A cooperative is a consumer enterprise operative housing projects in the same way unsuitable structures and the government owned and operated by its members on a that such insurance is provided for indi­ gives him an allowance. H.R. 605 would also non-profit basis. It offers a rather unique viduals purchasing other single-family resi­ require demonstration by the taxpayer that form of homeownership that could not only dences. This bill would heighten the proba­ the reserve fund is being used for the in­ benefit middle-income groups but also lower­ bility of low-income public housing occu­ tended purpose. In this way, landlords will be income as well. The Douglas Commission pants and middle-income persons becoming discouraged from making a profit by per­ found that cooperative housing could be homeowners. Through long-term, low-interest mitting the deterioration of homes in which constructed at some of the most economical loans insured by FHA, cooperative apart­ low-income people must live. costs for comparable facilities encountered ments could be made available, thus promot­ Federal interest subsidies for State and by them. Cooperative housing in the United ing the concept of homeownership. municipally aided housing States first began in New York City more LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING Section 236 interest subsidy and rent sup­ than forty years ago. Today there are co­ Lead poisoning is a major disease affect­ plement programs of the HUD Act of 1968 operative und.ts throughout the country. ing thousands of young children presently included amendments which I introduced Cooperative housing offers many benefits living in the slums of substandard housing in which make interest subsidy and rent sup­ including income tax deductions for tenants' our urban areas. Curing this disease, which plements available to State and locally fi­ share of local taxes and interest on mort­ the New York Scientists' Committee for Pub­ nanced middle-income housing approved for gage, building up equity, little or no losses lic Education has labeled a "silent epidemic," such programs prior to construction or re­ from vacancies and collection diffict;lties, does not need to wait for any miraculous habilitation. However, housing projects in cheaper maintenance costs that cannot be scientific breakthrough. The disease is not existence prior to the 1968 Act are not covered done under conventional rental housing. caused by some obscure virus. It is most of­ and are not eligible to receive the assistance I have introduced two b1lls, H.R. 51-the ten caused in small children when they eat they need in order to keep rents, carrying August ·7,- 1969 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 22967

charges, and interest rate~> :within reach of to this Committee on January 23, the. ·use we pretended that perfecting the existing middle-income residents. Therefore, I have of air space· above public construction sites programs and designing new ones are the introduced H.R. 49 and H.R. 4308, with co­ is recommended, and suggested, as a "feasi- only hurdles to be overcome in the housing sponsors, which extend the section 236 in­ ble" plan. · · crisis. The plain fact is that all of our plans are castles in the sand if the Congress fails terest subsidy and rent supplement programs BONDING FOR CONTRACTORS by making them available to existing State to appropriate the money that is needed to or locally financed middle-income housing H.R. 649 deals with the problem of minor­ make a dent in our housing shortage. projects even though construction of these ity group contractors who are unable to ob­ The goals are worthwhile ·and · essential. projects was completed prior to the 1968 tain bonding. It would authorize the Small The programs are promising, creative· and Housing and Urban Development Act. Business Administration to indemnify cor­ constructive. But they are starved. The people The purpose of these bills is to provide porate sureties on bonds covering contracts of this Nation who live in inadequate, un­ relief to States and local programs which of sound small business concerns. H.R. 649 safe, and unsanitary housing have thus far have been severely undercut by spiralling would help minority contractors to satisfy been given no more than promises-promises interest rates. High interest rates have re­ certain legal requirements in order to par­ which provide no shelter. The budget for sulted in increased mortgage interest rates, ticipate in the construction of moderate and · fiscal year 1970 exemplifies this sad fact. increased carrying charges, and increased low income housing-thus providing job op­ The hopes of millions f-or a decent home rents for publically assisted middle-income portunities and minority entrepreneurship are inflated by the goals we pronounce as housing programs. The consequences for in the housing area. essential and by the programs we propose middle-income families have been alarming. Housing programs should be used to en­ to meet these goals. But year after year these Seven states-New York, Connecticut, TI­ courage the development of minority group hopes are dashed by the cutting edge of linois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, entrepreneurs to promote both neighbor­ minimal appropriations. This endless cycle and Pennsylvania-have programs which hood stability and provide jobs for area of promise and disillusionment can only re­ residents. Negroes, for example, account for sult in the most bitter frustration. How long would be affected and which would benefit 11 percent of the National population but from this legislation. In each of these states, can we ask anyone to retain faith in a pledge only 3.2 percent of self-employed persons. if time and again the pledge is proven to rents in state assisted middle-income hous­ Housing programs contained in the 1008 ing are becoming so high as to exclude the be hollow? The people who occupy our Na­ HUD Act would be especially useful in de­ tton's slums did not require Congress to in­ very families with moderate incomes that the veloping entrepreneurial opportunities for projects were designed to ald. form them that their housing is inadequate. contractors and subcontractors. Presently When the Congress showed signs of recog­ Under the Mitchell-Lama program New minority group entrepreneurs are not ac­ York State floats bonds, the proceeds of nizing this reality, the expectations arose cepted for bidding on large scale jobs and throughout the country that something which may be lent to sponsors of middle­ may not have the necessary experience in income housing at current rates. In order would be done to solve the problem. With contract estimation, manpower scheduling, appropriations such as those recently ap­ to borrow funds under the program, a spon­ and job supervision. Many have problems sor must agree to limit his rate of return on proved by the House, who would not be in posting surety and performance bonds. made cynical? the housing fac1llty. The abatement of real H.R. 649, would help alleviate this situation. estate taxes also helps to keep the costs There are several other areas of concern down. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION to me in the housing field, and I shall sug­ New York City has a similar program for This country has built generously for the gest several proposals that this body should which average costs have risen steadily from more prosperous half of the nation while in further investigate. $26 per room in 1961, to $38 per room in the process destroying more housing for the First, legislative authority for housing pro­ 1968. The costs are constantly rising, and I poor than has been built. This Congress must grams should be sufficient to provide conti­ might mention that the middle-income make every effort to insure that we provide nuity of action and money. In order that we tenants of these projects are not standing enough decent housing for those-the poor can meet the national housing goal, Con­ still for these increases. and near poor-who have in the past been gress should authorize the Department of H.R. 49 makes limited-profit state and left out of our national housing policy. Housing and Urban Development to enter locally financed programs eligible for the Today, about a third of the families in this into contracts and obligations for at. least interest rate reductions now authorized by country cannot buy or rent decent housing . three years into the future without further section 236. For those projects approved for at market rates by paying a reasonable pro­ authority from the Appropriations Commit­ Federal assistance, it would help to keep portion of their income for shelter. In the tee. carrying charges and rents at levels commen­ major cities the problem is particularly Second, if after :flsoal year 1970 it is surate with the incomes of the tenants. serious due to acute shortages of both low­ found that state and local action is failing An important advantage of this proposal and moderate income housing and the nec­ to make substantial progress toward meet­ is that in terms of the expense involved to essary facilities and amenities to support ing the needs for 6 million low- and moder­ the Federal Government, it would cost less viable communities. In our large urban ate income housing units in the next decade, to subsidize the interest rates on Mitchell­ centers there is a continual overcrowding in Congress should authorize the Secretary of Lama type housing down to one percent the use of mass transit and other public fa­ Housing and Urban Development to be­ than it would cost to subsidize a privately cilities, high land prices, and a sense of come the builder of last resort. Congress financed project down to an interest rate of estrangement and isolation from the main­ should also authorize as the President's Com­ one percent. This is because interest rates stream of Ainerican life. Our national com­ mittee on Urban Housing has suggested, the for the Mitchell-Lama program are already mitment must be to provide decent housing Secretary of HUD to plan and construct low­ lower than those on the regular market rate. for all Ainericans. · income housing if local public authorities so If relief is not promptly provided to hous­ President Johnson in his message to Con­ request. ing programs currently threatened by sky­ gress on the Fiscal Year 1970 budget stated: Third, Congress should enact legislation rocketing interest rates, thousands of families "The massive housing needs for our grow­ that would provide that all financial may be forced to vacate their apartments. ing nation can only be met through a major assistance programs (including grants, It is essential to the vitality of our Nation's commitment by governments at all levels loans and loan guarantees) administered by cities that they retain middle-income popu­ working with private industry and labor to the Department of Housing and Urban De­ lation. If middle-income families are to con­ provide suitable housing for all Ainericans­ velopment be conditioned upon the exist­ tinue to live in our large urban centers, such and to eliminate the rat-infested city slum ence within the local government of an en­ as New York, the cost of housing must re­ and the dilapidated shacks which dot the forceable open occupancy ordinance or main within their financial ability. countryside. We have not made such a com­ enforceable state legislation for open oc­ The availab111ty of space for construction mitment." cupancy. If we are to insure that fair and in our crowded cities lesse~s daily. H.R. The bills I have introduced will help to open housing is to become a reality, steps 12462, which I co-sponsored, would ease the insure that the goals of the 1968 Act become must be taken to insure that local com­ scarcity of space by making possible the a reality. The experience of the past is not munities also understand this national com­ construction of low- and moderate-income encouraging. Yet survey after survey of the mitment. An essential component of low­ housing, of the type covered by a mortgage poor themselves shows that housing is placed and-moderate income housing is the insured under Section 221 (d) (3) of the Na­ near the top of the list of the worst prob­ freedom to choose where to live. Programs tional Housing Act, or low-rent housing lems facing the poor. administered by the Department of Housing assisted under the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 The 10 year housing goal is nearly a 40 and Urban Development must be consistent in the air space over any public building of percent increase in the current housing with these goals. the Federal Government. The Administrator stock, and better than 10 percent more than Fourth, the President's Committee on Ur­ of General Services is authorized to transfer the total housing production for the 20 years ban Housing had recommended that the such airspace without consideration when­ from 1940 to 1960. It is 70 percent more than Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ ever he determines that it is not needed to the total production for the decade of the . fare, and the Department of Housing and carry out a governmental function. Thus, 1950's. It will require not only a commit­ · Urban Development undertake a joint study · the air space over Post Offices, which often ment to build but the actual carrying out of on patterns of family expenses, to determine are structures with few stores, could be a worthwhile and important endeavor by all the percentage of income the poor should .utilized 1(o provide much needed housing. levels of government and industry. be expected to allocate for housing. The In the President's first Annual Report on In speaking. of commitment and reality, study should determine how housing ex­ National Housing Goals, which· was referred we would be perpetuating the cruelest lie if penses are affected by such variables as age 22968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7; 1969 and size of families and the household's lo­ larly in view the efforts of schools to accept Dr. Gallagher is a past president of the cation in metropolitan or rural nreas. I students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Academy of Medicine, a member of the Amer­ endorse this recommendation. In major Even the maintenance of existing student ican College of Surgeons and a diplomate metropolitan areas such as New York City enrollments will be difficult, and much more of the American Board of Surgery. He has the existing income limitations and rent so their expansion, if student aid is not been a trustee of the Catholic Charities Corp. charges for low- and moderate-income hous­ forthcoming in amounts related to need. for 10 years, and is a past president of the ing have tended to be unrefiective of exist­ Surgical Society and past trustee ing local conditions. So far this aid is not forthcoming. of the Cleveland Hospital Council. Fift h , Congress should enact legislation to HEW has already advised the medical The veteran surgeon received his pre­ provide for direct grants for the provision schools that their allotments of loan medical training at John Carroll University, of social services in FHA-financed low- and funds for next year will be reduced by his medical degree from Western Reserve moderate-income housing. Section 106 of the an average of 50 percent. This reduction University, and took postgraduate work in 1968 HUD Act makes provisions for loans for will have serious, even drastic, effects on fractures at Harvard University. He served his seed money and also empowers the Secretary both the lives of individual students and internship at Lakeside and St. Vincent to provide advice and technical assistance for Charity Hospitals. During World War I, he a.otivities such as social services, but no di­ on physician production. Neither conse­ was a member of the Medical Officers Reserve rect grants for social services are allowable quence should we accept with resignation Corps. costs in FHA-financed programs. It is im­ or equanimity. Dr. Gallagher's inspiration to study medi­ portant that counseling, services, and other The Senate will soon consider the cine came from two surgeon cousins-Drs. self-help activities be provided to those mov­ Labor, HEW appropriations bill. The new J. V. and Frank Gallagher. His brother, Msgr. ing into such projects so that they event­ Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, Daniel T., retired in April as pastor of St. ually become economically self-sufficient and and Welfare for Health, Dr. Roger 0. James Parish, after 54 years in the priesthood. full contributors to the community. Egeberg, is expected to testify at the Sen­ Dr. Gallagher's wife, Martha, is active Sixth, Congress should amend the 1968 in the Cleveland Mental Health Assn. She HUD Act to permit through the Comprehen­ ate hearings on this bill. I hope that Dr. was president of the women's board of St. sive Planning or Urban Information and Egeberg, who has a long and intimate John Hospital 14 years, and is past president Technical Assistance programs, as eligible understanding of medical education, will of the women's auxiliaries of the Academy of applicants, non-profit metropolitan area see in that appearance the appropriate, Medicine and the Ohio State Medical Assn. housing information centers to aid families in if belated, hour, to speak about the med­ His secretary, Mrs. Clarence J. Oviatt, joined finding decent housing. Such centers would ical students loan fund and its prospects him during college vacation in 1937 and has list available housing, assist low-income for 1969-70. stayed 32 years. famiUes in moving to areas With which they A golfing buff, Dr. Gallagher shoots in the are unfamiliar, provide inspection services, low 80's at Westwood Country Club. In 1964, and educate the community to the need for he made a hole in one, and in 1934 he was more low-income housing. The Urban Coali­ the southpaw golf champion of the district. tion in its report, "Agenda for Positive Ac­ DR. FARRELL "THOMAS GALLAGHER The Gallaghers are parents of Mrs. Garcon tion" has endorsed this idea. RETIRES AFTER 50-YEAR CAREER Weiss, Mrs. William E. Kaiser, Mrs. James The bills and suggestions that I have Ware of Scarsdale, N.Y., and Farrell T. Jr., a stated here are essential elements to this Lakewood dentist. The Gallaghers live at country's attainment of the goal stated in HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN 22157 Hilliard Rd., Rocky River. the Housing Act of 1949, "the realization as OF OHIO soon as feasible of the goal of a decent home and suitable living environment for every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American family," I urge this Committee to Thursday, August 7, 1969 CHICAGO OBSERVES CAPTIVE give serious attention to the problem of low­ and moderate-income housing and to make Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, Cleveland NATIONS WEEK every effort to insure that this country at is recognized as one of our Nation's fore­ long last can realistically say that no one most medical centers. One of the most HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI lives in squalor and sub-standard housing. outstanding surgeons who has served the Greater Cleveland area is about to OF ll.LINOIS retire after one-half century of service. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AMA-AAMC BACK STUDENT LOAN Mr. Bob Seltzer, feature writer for the Thursday, August 7. 1969 FUND Cleveland Press, described some of the Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently highlights of Dr. Gallagher's distin­ we observed Captive Nations Week HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL guished career in the following article: throughout the United States. Thanks SURGEON ENDS 50-YEAR CAREER OF NEW YORK to the efforts of Mayor Daley, one of Dr. Farrell Thomas Gallagher, a surgeon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the most impressive observances was of international eminence, will retire this held in Chicago by the Chicago Captive Thursday, August 7, 1969 fall after nearly 50 years of coping with hu­ man problems, unrelenting pressures, and Nations Committee, whose chairman is Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. S_?eaker, the life-or-death decisions. Mr. Vikoors Viksnins. House recently approved the appropria­ "I Will Withdraw in November, after the It was one of the most moving dem­ tions bill for the Department of Health, golf season ends, do some traveling, and be onstrations and I should like to place in Education, and Welfare, including funds ·available as a consultant," said Dr. Gallagher, the RECORD today the resolution adopted for the health professions student loan 74, born on Main Ave. in the periphery of at the luncheon which followed the pa­ fund. "the Angle," and now dean of West Side rade and the copies of the proclamation surgeons. issued by Mayor Daley and Governor My colleague from New York, Mr. REm, Dr. Gallagher, ramrod straight at 6-feet-1 and I, offered a floor amendment to that and 175 pounds, was director of surgery at Ogilvie. bill to increase this loan fund to allow St. John Hospital from 1951 to 1955 and visit­ The documents follow: loans to be given in the coming school ing surgeon for 44 years. He also was a mem­ RESOLUTION year at the 1968-69 level. To our great ber of Lakewood Hospital's surgical staff from Whereas, the Senate and the House of distress, that amendment failed. 1941 until he reached 65 in 1960. Representatives have authorized the Presi­ There was an unfortunate and per­ The ruddy, freckled Dr. Gallagher, a gen­ dent of the United States of America to haps, inadvertant, suggestion in the re­ eral surgeon, urbane and witty, has practiced proclaim a. Captive Nations Week, and for 40 years at 14805 Detroit Ave., Lakewood. whereas the Russian and Chinese commu­ port of the Appropriations Committee on (I am personally indebted to him for saving nism. continues to build up its vast colonial that bill that the American Medical As­ the life of my twin daughter.) empire and threatens the peace, security, sociation and the Association of Ameri­ "People are living longer, and, naturally, and independence of the Free World, carry­ can Medical Colleges support the reduced we are finding more diseases common to old ing out subversive conspiracies in Latin loan fund. Exactly the opposite is true. age," Dr. Gallagher said. ··we operate on America, , and even in our own coun­ people in their 80's and 90's. We get people In a joint statement issued by AMA­ try, conducting open, aggressive warfare in AAMC on , 1969, these groups pre­ in the optimum stage for any type of surgery. South Viet-Nam, neighboring countries of Each succeeding generation of surgeons feels Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand, having made sent their positions on financial support it has gone through the golden age of surgery. deep inroads into the Arab countries, and of medical schools by the Federal Gov­ "Medicine will go to the moon when it building up its threatening military power ernment. The section on student loans solves all the organ transplant problems. in the area of the Mediterranean; said: Radical procedures in surgery have become Now, on the occasion of the lOth anni­ Student loans should be increased in ac­ more extensive, and there is no limit on versary of the Proclamation of Captive Na­ cord With identified need, keeping particu- surgery." tions Week, we feel a particular urgency and August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22969 a sacred obligation to speak on behalf of the through sabotaging Soviet economy is com­ I urge the people of Chicago to join in the millions of human beings under the tyranny pletely destroyed through trading, programs arranged for observance of the oc­ of the communist colonial empire, Be it further resolved, to appeal to the casion, and I urge all of our churches, OUl' Therefore, be it resolved by the Chicago United States authorities to undertake ut­ educational institutions and all media of Captive Nations Week Committee, to urge most efforts in the interest of the sacred communication to observe the plight of the the United States to assume the role of lead­ values in cultural, social, and educational communist-dominated nations and to join ership by taking a course motivated by the institutions so vital for the preservation of in support of the just aspirations of the most sacred human obligations; the horrible freedom. It is appalling to see how free men people of the captive nations. fact that one-third Of mankind is already let themselves be used in the portrayal of I especially encourage everyone to con­ enslaved by the communist imperialism ne­ anarchism, nihilism, defeatism, amoralism, cretely demonstrate his or her interest in cessitates a new policy which would encour­ pacifism, and atheism in the service of the the people imprisoned in the captive nations age the aspirations and movements for na­ blood-stained Red Empire, by their attendance at or participation in the tional self-determination of all enslaved peo­ Be it further resolved, that this Commit­ parade to be held on State Street on Satur­ ples by an expressed and unequivocal com­ tee reiterates its support for the establish­ day afternoon, at 12:00 P .M. mitment of the United States of America to ment of the permanent Captive Nations Com­ Dat ed this 26th day of June, A.D., 1969. support, by all means possible, such aspira­ mittee (House Resolution 211) and Freedom RICHARD J. DALEY, tions for national freedom; Academy; there is a desperate need for a Mayor. Be it further resolved, that in view of the forum in which the freed world would have indivisibility of freedom and peace, the res­ confidence; the U.N. has failed to be such a toration of the sacred rights of all the na­ forum to handle the issues of injustice and PROCLAMATION tions based on principles of democracy, self­ crimes against humanity; the recent appeal The imperialistic policies of Russian Com­ determination and sovereignty within their of 54 citizens of the USSR which has been munists have led to the enslavement of the respective ethnic boundaries, is of para­ ignored up to this day speaks for itself; the peoples of Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, mount importance to establish freedom, se­ Unesco's decision to commemorate the cen­ Ukraine, Czecho-Slovakia, Latvia, Estonia, curity, and stability of the entire world. tenary of Lenin by peddling this criminal as White Ruthenia, Rumania, , Consequently this policy is in the best in­ a humanist is an insult to the civilized world Bulgaria, Mainland China, Armenia, Azer­ terest of our country for the present and in community and reveals the real interests of baijam, Georgia, North Korea, Albania, !del­ years to come, this organization; by the establishment of Ural, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Tibet, Cos­ Be it further resolved, that we at this a trustworthy forum, the United States will sackia, Turkestan, North Vietnam, Cuba and very critical and perhaps fatal moment for prove to the entire world that it will not others, and the entire free world support unreservedly cease in its efforts until all the Captive Na­ The desire for liberty and independence by the United States' resistance to Communist tions are able to enjoy their God-given rights the overwhelming majority of peoples in these aggression in South Viet-Nam and the build­ in their sovereign states. conquered nations constitutes a powerful de­ ing up of forces of freedom in that part of VICTORS VIKSNINS, terrent to any ambitions of Communistic the front of the free world; in this spirit we General Chairman. leaders to initiate a major war, and salute the members of the United States and ULANA CELEWYCH, The freedom-loving peoples of the captive Allied Armed Forces, Secretary. nations look to the United States as the cita­ Be it further resolved, that following the del of human freedom and to the people o1 anniversary year of the Proclamation of the United States as leaders in bringing OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, about their freedom and independence, and Human Rights and in view of the flagrant CITY OF CHICAGO. violations of these same rights by the Soviet The Congress of the United States has by Union through the suppression and occupa­ PROCLAMATION unanimous vote declared the third week in tion of Czechoslovakia during that very Whereas, the imperialistic policies of Rus­ July each year as captive Nations Week so year, the United States Ambassador to the sian Oommunists have led, through direct that the people of the United States may United Nations place on the agenda of the and indirect aggression, to the subjugation express their sympathy with, and support for United Nations the following demands: and enslavement of the peoples of Poland, the just aspirations of captive peoples for 1. the abolishment of slave labor, mass Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Czecho-Slovak­ freedom and independence, deportations, all concentration camps, and ia, Latvia, Estonia, White Ruthenia, Ru­ Now, therefore, I, Richard B. Ogilvie, Gov­ all forms of genocide, mania, East Germany, Bulgaria, Mainland ernor of the State of Dlinois, do hereby pro• 2. to guarantee a free return to their China, Armenia, , Georgia, North claim the week commencing July 13, 1969 to countries all the deported and exiled who Korea, Albania, !del-Ural, Serbia, Croatia, be observed as Captive Nations Week in Dli­ survived the communist ordeal, Slovenia, Tibet, Cossackia, Turkestan, Slo­ nois, and I call upon our citizens to observe 3. free elections for all enslaved nations vakia, North Vietnam, Cuba, and others; and this occasion in a manner fitting and proper. under the supervision of the United Na­ Whereas, the Congress of the United States In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set tions Organizations, by unanimous vote passed Public Law 36-90 my hand and caused the Great Seal of the Be it further resolved, that we oppose the establishing the third week in July each year State of Illlnois to be affixed. admission of the Chinese Communist regime as Captive Nations Week and inviting the Done at the Capitol, in the City of Spring­ to the United Nations Organization; people of the United States to observe such field, this twenty-fourth day of June, in the Be it further resolved, that we oppose week With appropriate prayers, ceremonies Year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred "One-way Bridges" and the opening of a and activities expressing their sympathy With and sixty-nine, and of the State of Dlinois Russian Consulate in Chicago; and support for the just aspirations of cap­ the one hundred and fifty-first. Be it further resolved, that since every tive peoples for freedom and independence; RICHARD V. OGILVIE, nation has the right for self-determination and Governor. this right belongs also to the Biafras; in the Whereas, the City of Chicago is linked to name of humanity we most urgently appeal these captive nations through the bonds of to the United States government to help family, since numbered among the people THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE'S the suffering and starving human beings of Chicago are hundreds of thousands of our DIPLOMACY IS SLIPPING A TRIFLE being murdered in masses by the Nigerian citizens who through nativity or ancestry aggressors, armed by the Russian barbarians treasure the heritage which endowed them and the British labor government, With the culture and industry which are HON. OTIS G. PIKE Be it further resolved, that special ef­ theirs; and OF NEW YORK forts must be made by the United States to­ Whereas, these nations have been made wards an awakening and strengthening of captive by the imperialistic, aggressive and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all moral forces, particularly at a time when heartless policies of communism; and Thursday, August 7, 1969 we are warned by the burning martyrs in Whereas, the peoples of these communist­ the interest of freedom; it is frightening that dominated nations have been deprived of Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, I invite the at this time we are faced by an unparalleled their national independence and their indi­ Members' particular attention to the sec­ loss of ethical concern and incredible cal­ vidual liberties; and ond paragraph of the following release: lousness towards the enslaved, abandoned to Whereas, it is appropriate and proper to MEMORANDUM FOR ALL MEMBERS OF THB their ordeal, demonstrate to the peoples of the captive HoUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Be it further resolved, that the United nations the support of the people of the States government stop building up the City of Chicago for their just aspirations for NOTICE-CHANGE OF SCHEDULE communist empire, particularly the Soviet freedom and national independence; and DEPARTMENT OF STATE, military power by selling it important mili­ Whereas, the people of Chicago, as do all OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS, t ary equipment, the people of the United States, want for the August 5,1969. Be it further resolved, that the United peoples of the world the same freedom and OUr normal Wednesday morning briefing States government stop trading with the justice which is theirs: this week will necessarily have to be re­ communist countries because in so doing, Now, therefore, I, Richard J. Daley, Mayor scheduled for 8:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. on the it helps them to tighten their grip on the of the City of Chicago, do hereby designate following day, Thursday, August 7 1n Room enslaved; whatever is gained at great risk the week beginning July 13, 1969 as Captive 2200 Rayburn Building. by the desperate, enslaved men and women Nations Week. At that rescheduled time, Acting Secretary 22970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 Elliot Richardson will discuss the President's these volunteers had the necessary and DINERS CLUB CREDIT CARD trip and other current foreign policy prob­ requisite training for competent criminal lems. defense work. Consequently, representa­ The reason for the change in schedule is HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. that on Wednesday, August 6 at our normal tion was not of a high quality, many ap­ OF INDL\NA briefing time, Acting Secretary Richardson plications !or new trials arose, and an has been asked to attend a Cabinet meeting inordinate number of cases resulted in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at camp David, and on Thursday our normal guilty pleas or convictions. Thursday, August 7, 1969 9 to 10 a.m. scheduling con.1:llcts with the As a result, Judge Friedman, with the arrival ceremonies which the Acting Secre­ assistance of several prominent lawYers Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, by unani­ ta_·y must attend for German Prime Minister in the field, undertook to set up through mous consent, I include the following two Kiesinger. the court, a series of three 3¥2-hour letters of correspondence between the We very much regret the inconvenience criminal law seminars covering all as­ Diners Club o.f America and the Hon­ to Members resulting from this change. orable Anthony 0. Friedman in the REc­ WILLIAM B. MACOMBER. Jr., pects of legal procedure in the courtroom. The lawYer's role in everything from pre­ ORD at this point: Assistant Secretary. FEBRUARY 4, 1969. liminary investigation to indigent ap­ Mr. ANTHONY 0. FRIEDMAN, peals was thoroughly discussed. The re­ Washington, D.C. sponse to the program was overwhelm­ DEAR MR. FRIEDMAN; Thank you for apply­ CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN OUR COURT ing. No less than 120 young lawYers ing for membersbip in Diners Club. SYSTEM attended each seminar-a great majority Your application indicates that you have of whom had little or no experience in considerable potential and almost all the criminal cases. credit references needed to qualify for the HON. LOUIS STOKES In addition to the seminars, Judge Diners Club. But at this stage of your career OF OHIO we feel you need additional experience to Friedman took it upon himself to contact build the calibre of credit history we require IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES several of the larger downtown law firms for our worldwide unlimited credit card. Thursday, August 7, 1969 and to request that they assign several of However, we have a recommendation for their brightest young men to participate promising individuals like yourself to speed Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I am sure in this program. This proposal was met up the qualifying process and enable you to that many of my colleagues are con­ with equal enthusiasm, and the dedica­ recei-ve our membership card almost immedi­ cerned about the administration of crim­ tion of these young men, after the as­ ately. It is through the Executive Society of inal justice in our court system. When signments were made, was total. America. the Supreme Court of the United States With membership in the Executive Society Additionally, many distinguished of America as a reference, you will be entitled pronounced the landmark decision on members of the bar who were experi­ to prompt issuance of a Diners Club credit Gideon against Wainwright, attention enced practitioners at criminal law are to card. centered anew on the indigent defendant be commended for their participation in The Executive Society of America is an charged with crime and his entitlement this program as lecturers and panelists. organization which was created to assist to legal assistance under the sixth The program outline is included here for young career people like yourself through amendment to the Constitution. the benefit of my colleagues and the teaching ..what it means to establish a good Following Gideon, other Supreme credit name in today's business world, and jurists in their districts who may wish the huge financial rewards possible to those Court decisions heralded a new era of to a vail themselves of a similar program: who maintain a perfect credit record." We at justice in our court system by insuring DEFENSE OF THE POOR Diners Club heartily endorse these objectives to any person charged with the com­ An outline for a Seminar to be given on and have taken the liberty of enclosing a copy mission of crime, not only representation three successive Saturday mornings at Crim­ of the Society's literature for you. Fill in the by counsel, but also able and competent inal Court. application blank and send it in today. Very truly yours. counsel, in the area of criminal 1aw. FIRST MEETING: HON. BERNARD FRIEDMAN, This high degree of responsibility im­ FRANK P. RrrcHIE, PRESIDING Director, New Accounts. posed upon the legal profession caused 9:00-9 : 40 Professional Responsibility to the grave concern amongst many jurists in Client: Where it begins, where it ends-Gii!r­ FEBRUARY 19, 1969. our Nation. A concomitant responsibility ald Messerman. FRANK P. RrrcHIE, was imposed upon the courts to see that 9:40-10:20 Introduction to the problems Director, New Accounts, all defendants were given a fair trial. of defending the indigent-Elmer A. Gulliani. Diners Club, Inadequacy of counsel in many cases re­ 10:30-10:50 Investigation: The Key-s. J. New York, N.Y. sulted in determinations by appellate Young. DEAR MR. RrrcHIE; I am pleased and hon­ courts that the defendant was denied a 10:50-11:30 The decision to plead-A. B. ored that you find me "almost" qualified !or fair trial. Fink. a Diners Club credit card. Thank you for 11:30-12:00 Probation: Role o! the Court, informing me of my hereto!ore unrealized This concern of jurists throughout our Role of the Attorney--charles Fleming. lack of "additional experience". I find it most Nation to respect the dictates of our Con­ SECOND JIO:ETJ:NG difiicult to believe. however, that a fifteen stitution as interpreted by the Supreme dollar membership in an unknown organiza­ 9:00-9:30 The decision to charge-Clarence Court, has been accepted by a Cleveland Rogers. tion immediately grants me the innate shrewdness necessary for proper and respon­ jurist in a manner which I would like to 9:30-10:00 Ban and Bail Reduction, Per­ bring to the attention of my colleagues. .sible handling ot the Diners Club card. sonal Bond-Herman S. Pressman. I am frankly disappointed in your or­ Judge Bernard Friedman, presiding 10:10-10:50 Search and Seizure: Posing the Problem-Bernard Berkman. ganization, !or which I previously bad judge of the criminal branch of common enough respect to use !or my credit business. pleas court, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, has 10:50-11:30 Admissions, Statements, Con­ fessions-J. Carroll. In the course of a days work an enormous initiated an innovative and exciting pro­ quantity o! "junk mail" crosses my desk, and 11 :30-12:00 Discovery, Depositions-F. gram to fulfill this responsibility in his I a.ccept this as part of my job; in some cases Mandel. even admitting to a grudging respect for the jurisdiction. 12:00-12~30 Line-up Procedure--James R. Judge Friedman brought to criminal slick bandllng of worthless promotions with Wlllis. high sounding names. But when such as this ~ourt the experience acquired over a long THIRD MEETING blatant sham has the approval and endorse­ and distinguished judicial career, and 9:00-9:30 Post-Conviction Remedies, Ex­ ment o! the Diners Club, I am disappointed. just last year was the trial judge whose tradition and Probation Revocation-Carol I have long desired a Diners Club card for decision was sustained by the Supreme Emerllng. the convenience it o:tfered in the world I Court in the landmark "stop and frisk" 9:30-10:20 Plea Bargaining, Pre-trial Pro­ was striving to enter. And after all the years Terry Ohio, cedure-Prosecutor to be named. of schools, dead end jobs and veterans checks case, v. 392 U.S. 1 <1968). 10: 3Q-ll: 00 Plea Bargaining, Defense­ his care~ully husbanded to achieve that end, From extended experience on the Seymour Terrell. you say fifteen dollars paid by me to your bench, Judge Friedman had found that 11:00-11:30 The Incllgent Appeal-Edward !rlends is a better index into my character. there was no dearth of requests from R. Brown. From starting at the bottom with local young attorneys to handle criminal ca.ses. 11:30-12:00 The Trial, An Overview--John charge plates, no-name oil companies and The problem was that few. if any, of Butler. Junky unsolicited cards, to raise my income August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22971 and credit rating until worthy of the BIG relaxing but they never question when it 1s ert Wiedrich, has called our attention in ONE, and have Diners Club insult_my in­ time to advance against the enemy. his column, the "Tower Ticker," that telligence, my contemporaries and my career "I've seen these men-With enemy fire women have taken over that staid and with this outlandish trash 1s a bitter blow. coming !rom all directions--disregard their historical citadel of masculinity-Chi­ The entire "Executive Society of America" own safety to rush right out to Jump on top cago's City News Bureau. has as much value as a used envelope and all o:t a Vlet Cong bunker. the exclusiveness of a laundromat. I am "They want to capture prisoners. The pris­ Mr. Wiedrich points out that for the going to demonstrate, Mr. Ritchie, that I oners can tell you so much. A captured man­ first time women have taken over several have the experience to build the calibre of especially one who has been wounded, evac­ key spots at the Chicago News Bureau. my credit history you require by returning uated, fed and treated humanely often 1s Mr. Wiedrich's column follows: this garbage to you and refusing to lay fif­ Willlng to provide valuable information. "What depresses our men most is news TOWER TICKER teen good dollars on the line as an outright (By Robert Wiedrich) bribe. Thanks but no thanks, Mr. Ritchie o:t the senseless things going on at home­ . . . I'll take my business to American Ex­ like demonstrations and riots regardless of It's almost a woman's world: Surviving press. their cause," he said. members of the 10,000-strong City News For the tender expression of your "Execu- "I've had occasion to recommend entire Bureau of Chicago alumni might like to tive Society ." friends' need for fifteen squads of men-instead of individual sol­ know that for the first time since the World dollars, diers--for awards for their brave actions." War II male shortage, feminine news hawks ANTHONY 0. FRIEDMAN. Capt. Hixon has been awarded the Silver have taken over a number of key spots here. Star, the third highest award given by the Liza Smith, previously an assistant city United States government; four Bronze Stars editor, is now reported on the important (two for valor, one for service and one for City Hall beat, an all-time first for women. achievement); an Air Medal With an oakleaf And Pamela zekman is making the rounds CAPT. WllLIAM HIXON, USA cluster; an Army Commendation for merito­ at the federal courthouse while Sandy Dabo­ rious service and a Purple Heart. He was vich serves as radio-TV editor and Sharon wounded in the forearm, chest, shoulder and Illoway burns the midnight oil on the city back last October near Dong Ton. desk. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK He 1s one of a select group to have received In addition, several other lovelies are re­ OF OHIO two Vietnamese awards--the Cross of Gal­ garded as "heavies" on the day and night IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lantry With palm, the highest honor the Viet­ rewrite desks at City News, a place we per­ namese government can bestow and a Viet­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 sonally regard as the world's best Journalism nam staff honor medal. trade school. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I take The officer, now the guest of his parents, Guess things sure have changed since over this opportunity to extend a hearty "well Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Tobertge, 115 Clare Rd., two decades ago when we labored there at done" and a sincere "welcome home" to also served a year in Korea followed by four 25 bucks a week, lived on bologna sand­ U.S. Army Capt. William Hixon, re­ months as a basic training instructor in Ft. Wiches, and never dreamed of seeing a pretty Knox, Ky. He will report to Brooklyn, N.Y. face around the place, much less one atop a cently returned from combat duty in Aug. 12 to be an ROTC instructor at Pratt miniskirt! Vietnam. Institute. A recent article in his hometown Capt. Hixon supports national policy con­ newspaper, the Mansfield, Ohio, News cerning the withdrawal of American soldiers DOMESTIC COMMUNIST COALITION Journal, pointed with understandable from Vietnam. pride to the achievements and leadership "I agree wholeheartedly With the gradual pullout of troops now that we essentially of Captain Hixon, who, while in Viet­ have won the ground war in Vietnam. The HON. JOHN R. RARICK nam was awarded the Silver Star, four Vietnamese are making great strides at tak­ OF LOUISIANA Bronze Stars, an Air Medal, Army Com­ ing over. They are doing a fine job. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mendation for meritorious service and "I believe our men are being taken out the Purple Heart. He is also among the of the right areas," he said. Thursday, August 7, 1969 select group to receive the Vietnamese Capt. Hixon described the Viet Cong as Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker. daily our Cross of Gallantry and Staff Honor small, well disciplined people, lacking in fear and with uncanny aptitude for hiding in people read and hear of violence and acts Medal. reeds or mud of the country. of destruction about us; however, be­ It is revealing of this man's nature "You can walk right on them without cause they do not hear explanations that and leadership that, as the article indi­ seeing them." these episodes are sabotage--premedi­ cates, he was interested in discussing the He told of the valuable role of rehabili­ tated and interconnected-the average outstanding service of the men under his tated former VC's called Tiger Scouts. citizen is not aware of the overall in­ command rather than his own awards ''They know the lies their political bosses creasing threat against our country. and medals. He seems even more proud have told them. They know the customs of The American people are being con­ of these troops than the people of the their people. They know where they might hide themselves, their ammunitions, food stantly subjected to fourth-dimensional Mansfield area are of him. It is especial­ and medical supplies. They speak the lan­ warfare-a psychological offensive to de­ ly gratifying for me to see this man gain guage fluently. lude them to tolerate anything done in such success since he was one of the first "We use Tiger Scouts, or an interpreter, the name of peace or social progress as young men nominated by me to the Mili­ to read surrender appeals over a bull horn being justified to bring about some emo­ tary Academy when I came to Congress. when we get within 100 meters of the tional goal of a created reform. I hope no one escapes the realization enemy," he said. He showed a card printed in Vietnamese Few Americans have been alerted to that Captain Hixon and the men of his what can be anticipated when these command, as well as all the fine service­ and with English translation of the appeal his company read calling for surrender. The armed terrorists aline themselves with men of our Nation, are part of the vast appeal began by greeting the enemy officers the fund raisers and the cannon fodder reservoir of young Amerieans who lead and their men as "friends". It called for in a united front controlled and disci­ today and will continue to lead in the them to save their lives by holding weapons plined by the international Communist future. above their heads with both hands and ad­ movement in its unwavering objective­ Mr. Speaker, I submit the article for vancing in the direction of the Allied Forces. to overthrow constitutional government insertion in the RECORD at this point: It concluded with the poignant plea "Your men want to see their families again. Give and our free enterprise economic system. IN VIETNAM: CAPTAIN CALLS YOUNG TROOPS them that chance." Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. Frank Cap­ "UNBELIEVABLY COURAGEOUS" pel's Herald of Freedom for August 8, A Mansfielder fresh from combat in Viet­ 1969, containing an interesting report on nam 's Mekong Delta doesn't try to conceal THE GALS TAKE OVER CHICAGO'S "The American Liberation Front'' as a his pride when he tells of the courage shown CITY NEWS BUREAU by the young infantrymen he led in battle. portion of my remarks: But Capt. William Hixon, 26, a 1961 grad­ THE AMERICAN LmERATION FRONT uate of Ontario High School and a 1966 grad­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI Because the "Black Revolution" evidently uate of West Point Milltary Academy, 1s not cannot succeed without the help of the OF ILLINOIS as ready to talk about the array of American white "brothers and sisters" (formerly known and Vietnamese medals he has been awarded. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as "comrades") a united front is now in In talking about his men, he said, "These Thursday, August 7, 1969 the proCess of formation. The start was made 18, 19 and 20-year-old soldiers are coura­ by the Black Panthers who were co-sponsor.;;; geous-unbelievably courageous. They may Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the very of a Revolutionary Conference for a United complain back at base camp when they are popular Chicago Tribune columnist, Rob- Front Against Fascism in America. The other 22972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 sponsor, according to the Communist news­ be replaced with police control by "the peo­ helping radicals. He recently received a fa­ paper, Daily World, was the International ple," most of whom know nothing and many vorable write-up in Life magazine which Liberation School and the conference was of whom care nothing about the law. This pictured him as the "soul brother to radicals organized by the National Committees to would mean the collapse of our last line of of many colors," who trust him because of Combat Fascism. This national revolutionary defense--the local pollee. his ten years of involvement with "civil conference took place July 18-21, 1969 in The Black Panthers consider themselves rights from Martin Luther King and the. Oakland, California. The Daily World states the vanguard of the revolution and have now Freedom Riders in the South to Malcolm X that more than 40 organizations sent repre­ abandoned their "racial insularity" in favor and Rap Brown." The article states that sentatives, including the Communist Party, of a coalition of negro and white militant Kunstler, whose middle name is Moses, re­ Students for a Democratic SOciety, Youth and radical organizations. Their "historic" ceives no fees from most of his clients "but is Against War and Fascism and Veterans and conference received greetings from Moscow, financed by a number of private, anonymous Reservists To End the War in Vietnam. At­ sent by William L. Patterson, member of the donors." tendance (70% Whites, mostly students) was national committee of the Communist Party, It was suggested by a Panther backer that estimated at 3,500 to 4,000, and pro-Peking, USA and of the Communist Party's "black they will probably change their name as they pro-Moscow assorted "New Left" and Trot­ liberation committee." Patterson, who was bring together a "united front" and will be­ skyite Communists began their move toward visiting the Soviet Union, regretted that he come the "American Liberation Front." This­ unity. could not be present at the conference al­ was announced before the conference by_ According to the Communist paper, local though he was one of the sponsors and Prof. Donald Freed, founder of the organiza­ chapters to "combat fascism" are to be built stated: tion known as "Friends of the Panthers." across the country and then, at a conference "I am sending greetings from afar to all He expected that the name would be formally in late October or early November, these who have gathered to establish a united front announced at the conference, stating: "This activities will be coordinated into a full of action to beat back the monstrous forces is a revolutionary conference which will be mobilization. "Panther spokesmen expect with which reaction is seeking to create a the beginning of the American liberation •workers participation• in that meeting." police state and usher in an American brand movement." He stated that Panther orga­ The word "fascism" has long been a Com­ of facism. nizers have been working from Harlem to munist epithet applied to anything which is "Especially do I greet the Black Panther the Delta, as well as in Appa­ anti-communist. Anyone who has actively Party's initiator of that historic conference. lachia, where poor southern whites are being opposed Communism and comes face to face The conference call issued by the BPP is con­ organized around local issues. The organiz­ with one of the "comrades" has probably sistent with the needs and demands of this ers are also working with Puerto Ricans, heard the word "Fascist!" hissed at him in momentous hour, when police terror is American Indians, the Yippies, college stu­ glaring fervor. rampant and assassination of progressives dents and urban gangs, all to be drawn into The current meaning for "fascism" would has become a way of life. theALF. seem to be "law and order" with the police "The call is unique. What a magnificent The Communist Party gave the directives and their supporters as chief fascists. There­ step your party has taken! to the comrades for cooperation and involve­ fore a companion project Of the conference "For the first time in the history of our ment through the words of Carl Bloice in to fight fascism is to secure "community con­ country an organization led by black citi­ the People's World of June 14: trol" of the police. For this purpose petitions zenry has moved to the forefront of American "Two remarkably similar soundings were are to be circulated, each one hand tailored progressives and launched a call to labor, made during the last week of May. for the locality in which it is to be used. The youth, the church, all minorities, and peace "In the Bay Area, the Black Panther party brochure and application for registration at forces, regardless of creed, color or political issued a call for a 'Revolutionary Conference the UFAF conference states: persuasion, to close ranks against the grow­ for a United Front Against Fascism.' "Petition statement for community con­ ing menace of reaction. "In Edwards, Miss.. about the same time, trol of police-Summary of Police Control "The murderous course projected by those the board of the Southern Conference Edu­ Amendment That Must be Established in have made of law and order a mandate cational Fund (SCEF) observed, 'A repressive Cities and Communities of America to End for terror is proof of the timeliness of your fascist-like society and police state is an Fascism: call. You have lifted the fight against racism ominous, threatening possibility.' "This amendment to a city charter would to its highest level. You have revealed the "The SCEF statement continued: 'Let us give control of the police to community black liberation movement's vast potential­ all who advocate social change reject faction­ elected neighborhOOd councils so that those ities as a driving force in the life and death alism and infighting and unite instead whom the police should serve will be able to conflict to save our country by putting an against the common foe of reaction and re­ set police policy and standards of conduct. end to the fascist drive of monopoly and to pression in all its guises.' "The amendment provides for community the mounting dangers of a Third World War. control of the police by establishing police "The conference can sound the death knell "It is for these reasons that the Panthers departments for the major communities of and the SCEF leaders are to be highly com­ of racism, for all fascist trends feed racism mended for their call for unity in the face any city: the black community, the pre­ and are fed by it. dominantly white area, the Mexican Ameri­ "May your conference sow the seed for a of reaction. All people of good will, sanity can communities, etc., etc. The departments monumental anti-fascist united front of the and good intention should respond immedi­ would be separate and autonomous. They American people in September. Your confer­ a-tely and favorably. (These are Communist can, by mutual agreement, use common fa­ ence cannot help but strengthen the national Party orders--Esi.) cilities. Each department will be adminis­ morality. May you launch a new battle song "It is both refreshing and relieving to hear tered by full time police commissions. (Not of freedom. March on! militant forces call for the kind of united single police chiefs.) The commissioners are "The eyes of the progressive world are mass action designed to draw in greater selected by a neighborhood police control focused on the conference. It will watch what numbers of working people and their orga­ council composed of fifteen members from you do to follow through and will render nizations. It would be truly wonderful if the community elected by those who live every possible aid. these forces-which have proved they do there. Each department shall have five com­ "The evil forces of fascism in the U.S. can not shrink before terror-speak loudly munity council divisions within it. (Or num­ be beaten by. a unified people locked together enough and persistently enough to minimize ber of departments ratiOed to population.) in a monumental anti-fascist united front of the advocates of adventurist acts by a hand­ "The councils shall have the power to dis­ struggle. Salute." ful of 'theorists'-separated from working cipline officers for breaches of department Speaking at the conference was Herbert people--in the face o! the power of the state. policy or violations of law. (Against the peo­ Aptheker, top Communist historian and "Of greatest importance and urgency at ple.) They may direct their police commis­ theoretician. While the public meetings were the moment is action to halt and turn back sioner to make changes in department-wide being held, important private meetings were the reactionary o1fensive ..... Every mil­ police policy by majority vote of the said going on. In closed meetings lawyers were itant must be defended with a massive show department commissioners. The council can developing plans to enlist "a thousand of force and power-regardless of his or her recall the commissioner appointed by it at lawyers to fight this fight against racism," political position. any time it finds that he is no longer re­ according to Charles R. Garry, a lawyer who "These things will not be accomplished by sponsive to the community. The community defends Black Panthers and other radicals. insisting on ideological purity on the part of can recall the council members when they Plans were made to prepare lawyers across those in struggle, but rather on commitment are not responsive to it. the country to handle cases of various types to do these things and to work with others "All police offic.ers must live in the depart­ of radicals involved in the "revolutionary dedicated to these tasks. ment they work in, and will be hired movement" who run afoul of the law. During "Dimitro1f wrote, 'Whoever does not :fight accordingly." the next sixty days special lectures are to be the reactionary measures of the bourgeoise It is obvious that such police depal"tments set up across the country by the National and the growth of fascism at these prepara­ would be of no use in enforcing the law Lawyers Guild to train lawyers to handle tory stages is not in a position to prevent the since their only job would seem to be to these types of cases. The National Lawyers victory of fascism, but, on the contrary, fa­ please the particular segment of the popu­ Guild has been cited as subversive and the cmtates that victory.' " lation they were selected to "serve." Police legal arm of the Communist Party. The Black Panther, organ of the party of harassment by unfavorable propaganda and Helping to develop seminars to train law­ the same name, also quotes Georgi Dimitro1f publicity ("Police Brutality") and by the es­ yers for these cases will be William M. Kunst­ in the center fold of its June 7, 1969, issue: tablishment of Civilian Review Boards is to ler of New York who also specializes in "Incipient American fascism is endeavor- August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS ·OF ·REMARKS 22973 ing to direct the disillusionment and dis­ one of our visitors, it can unite all forces that the oppressed peoples against U.S. imperial­ content of these masses into reactionary are anti-fascist but not anti-communist." ism. ... We recognize and support the strug­ fascist channels. It is a peculiarity of the The Panthers' Minister of Information, El­ gle of the Vietnamese people, under the devdlopment of American fascism that at dridge Cleaver, was not present at their leadership of and the NLF as the present state i't appears principally in the July conference as he has fled the country to the spearhead of all anti-imperialist strug­ guise of an opposition to fascism, which it escape prosecution. He was in Algiers at the gles in the world today. accuses of being an 'un-American' tendency time of the conference where he and his wife "As revolutionaries within the oppressor imported from abroad. In contradistinction were the guests of the Algerian government. nation, we unhesitatingly assume our respon­ to German fascism, which acts under anti­ They were there to attend an African Cul­ Sibility to carry the struggle against U.S. im­ constit utional slogans, American fascism tural Festival and were joined by two other perialism through to the end by linking our tries to portray itself a~ the custodian and officials of the Black Panther Party, Emory fight to the international struggles of the 'American democracy'.... Douglas (Minister of Culture) and David oppressed peoples by consistently opposing "And what would the success of fascism Hilliard (Chief of Staff) they were also whit e supremacy . .. and by giving concrete in the United States en tail? For the toiling joined by Robert Scheer, editor in chief of support to the struggles of Black, Latin and masses it would, of course, entail the un­ Ramparts magazine who said that Cleaver ot her oppressed peoples within the U.S. for restrained strengthening of the regime of was the magazine's foreign editor. Cleaver democratic rights . .. . exploitation and the destruction of the work­ was quoted as predicting that violence in "As revolutionaries in the oppressor na­ ing class movement... the United States would increase stating: tion, we recognize our responsibility, in the "It is perfectly obvious that the interests "We have a war going on in the United States name of proletarian internationalism, to sup­ of the American proletariat demand that all and the casualty rate is rising," and adding port and learn from the proletarian forces its forces dissociate themselves from the that the capitalist system in the United within the national liberation movements capitalist parties without delay. It must at States "must be dismantled over the dead of the oppressed pecples. the proper time find ways and suitable forms bodies of its supporters." "(2) Oppose male supremacy.... We sup­ of preventing fascism from winning over the Cleaver has previously been quoted as port the struggle of women for control over broad discontented masses of the toilers. stating: "We are revolutionaries, and as their bodies, and demand the removal of all And here it must be said that under Ameri­ revolutionaries our goal is the transformation legal and financial restrictions on abortions, can conditions the creation of a mass party of the American social order. In order to and the providing of free birth control for of toilers, a 'Workers' and Farmers' Party,' transform the American social order, we have those women who desire it.... We demand might serve as such a suitable form. . . . . to destroy the present structure of power in cm:nplete legal equality for women, and op­ Such a. party, of course, will be neither So­ the United States, we have to overthrow pose existing marriage and divorce laws, cialist nor Communist. But it MUST be an the government... . Revolutionaries must prostitution laws and other reinforcements anti-fascist party and must NOT be an anti­ have their minds centered on destruction. of the subjugation of women. . .. Communist party..... We're out to destroy the present machinery "(3) Support for armed struggle. Recog­ "It goes without saying that such a party of the ruling cla~s. that is our task and that's nizing that U.S. imperialism is the most vo­ will fight for the election of its own candi­ what we must be about. And we say that racious beast that ever stalked the earth, dates to local offices, to the state legislatures, we will do this by any means necessary. . . . that it is engaged In crimes of blood against to the House of Representatives and the Sen­ The only means possible is the violent over­ humankind, and it can only be destroyed by ate. . .. The question of forming a. "Work­ throw of the machinery of the oppressive the people of the world picking up the sword ers' and Farmers' Party," and its program, ruling class.... We must destroy their in:­ and fighting it, we affirm the right of all should be discussed at mass meetings of the stitutions from which they derive their revolut ionary peoples and classes to wage people. We should develop the most wide­ power.... We nust not get into a bag of armed struggles for liberation, we commit spread movement for the creation of such a thinking that we're involved in a game. A ourselves to give concrete aid to these strug­ party, and take the lead in it. In no case must revolution is not a game; It's war. We're In­ gles where they arise, and we undertake to the initiative of organlzinff the party to be al­ volved in a war-a people's war against those educate the U.S. people and prepare them and lowed to pass to elements desirous of util­ who oppress the people, and this is the war in ourselves to wage a determined struggle izing the discontent of the masses which the clearest sense of the word." with arms in hand to destroy U.S. imperial­ have become disillusioned to both the Bour­ The slogan of the National Conference for ism in its lair. geals parties, Democratic and Republican, in a United Front Against Fascism was Power "(4) Exclude anti-communism. Recogniz­ order to create a "third party" in the United to the People--Panther Power to the Van­ ing that anti-communism is a main weapon States, as an anti-Communist p arty, a party guard. At the opening of the conference they of the ruling class to weaken the ranks of directed against the revolutionary movement. shouted it, at the closing of t h e conference t he people, we absolutely reject it, exclude (Excerpt from speech delivered at the seventh they shouted it. " 'Power to the people,' they it from our movement, and defend the right world congress of the Communist Interna­ shouted. 'Power to the people.' They made it of people to organize themselves into dis­ tional July 24th, August 20th, 1935, by a chant and they used it again and again. ciplined collectives based on Marxist­ Georgi Dimitroff)" When they did, their arms shot into the Leninist principles, and to advocate and fight Always in the last stages of revolution, the air with their fists clenched." ... N.Y. Times for the dict atorship of the proletariat. Communists plan, promote and organize a 7/ 20/ 69. " ( 5) Fight for socialism. Recognizing that united front or people's front of all left The first meeting was held in the Oakland only through socialism, the public owner­ groups. Under these circumstances, and in Auditorium with Black Panther guards on ship of the means of producing wealth, can these final stages they no longer quarrel duty. All persons were searched before being the people be freed from misery, we declare among themselves and are willing to over­ permitted to enter thus delaying the start ourselves a socialist movement, and under­ look differences. This was manifest in the of the meeting for over an hour. Starting the take to conduct propaganda among the peo­ attempted take-over of the Dominican Re­ next day public meetings were held in Bobby_ ple to win them to the need to establish public a few years back when Castroites, or­ Hutton Park, named for a 17-year-old Black socialism." thodox Communists, Maoists and Trotsky­ Panther killed in a shoot-out with the Oak­ This is pure Communism in action. The ites all worked together under a single lead­ land Pollee. According to "observers," the ership. The Panthers are being used as the beasts are joining hands with the planners. choice of this site was interpreted as a move The Black Panthers and affiliated Negro catalyst to unite these dissident radial forces to bring whites and blacks together in a here in the United States. Tom Hayden, con­ groups will use the guns and supply the ter­ common cause. There seems to be a psycho­ ror; the S.D.S., DuBois Clubs, etc. will raise ference leader and SDS founder, admit s the logical reason for everything the Communist­ new "United Front" is patterned after the the funds and involve the students; the led radicals do. The Black Panthers "break­ "New Left" (750,000) like sheep will follow Communist United Front of the 1930's. fast for children" program is "socialism in In an interview with "six young black men" the leaders; and behind the scenes the In­ action." The Berkeley park struggle caused ternational Communist Conspiracy will plan who came into the New York office of the people to see themselves attacking private Communist paper, the Daily World, Ma.rgit and direct the action. The open revolution property. These things condition the unwary is close at hand. Pittmen learned their plans and wrote: to things they would not otherwise accept. "All six are leading members of the Black The proposed "North American Brigade to Panther Party, who devote their full time to Cut Cane in the 1960 SUgar Harvest in Cuba" 'the revolution: will condition them even further. Their ex­ "In recent months, a period of stepped-up perience in Cuba is expected to help them MITCHELL BLOCKED FINCH'S MOVE police attacks, the Panthers have increasingly "develop ways of combatting anti-commu­ ON ANTI-INTEGRATION PRO- felt tb,e need for all1ances with other groups. nism." They are expected to "gain a prac­ POSAL 'We hope that the conference will unite all tical understanding of the creative applica­ radical and liberal elements,' said Ray 'Masai' tion of communist principles on 'a day-to-day Hewitt... basis.'' Nothing is left to chance with the RON. LOUIS STOKES "'We want to embrace all progressive ele­ Communist--everything is scientifically ments,' I was told, 'all national group mi­ planned. oF omo norities. We appeal to every liberal and What it's all about can most clearly be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES progressive.'... seen :from the Statement o:f Revolutionary T_hursday, August 7, 1969 "The Panthers hope that the July con­ Youth Movement (SDS): ference will result in another, larger gather­ "(1) Oppose white supremacy. Full sup­ Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, if the thesis ing later this year so that, in the words of port to the National Liberation struggles of of the article by columnists Rowland 22974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 Evans and Robert Novak in Wednes­ pollcy that placates the South but does not MERCHANT MARINE PROBLEMS offend northern whites. day's Washington Post is accurate, fur:.. Whitten's rider to the educational appro­ ther serious questions about the inten­ priations bill fulfills that requirement. While HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. tions of the Nixon administration­ ostensibly aimed against busing school chil­ particularly Attorney General Mitchell-' dren (which arouses equal outrage in North OF MASSACHUSETTS on civil rights matters is raised. These and South), it would hamstring the Federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES columnists report that the decision of Government in forcing southern desegrega­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 the administration to refrain from tak­ tion through withholding of federal money. ing a position on the anticivil rights pro­ In preparation for last week's battle, pro­ Mr. O'NEILL of Massachusetts. Mr. civil rights Republicans in the House some Speaker, on , I had the great privi­ visions written into the House-passed two weeks ago requested help from Finch's Labor-HEW appropriations bill was the lege and pleasure to address a meeting of HEW. They were assured aid would be forth­ the Seafarers International Union gath­ work of the Attorney General. coming-a public statement to be issued by Assuming the article's accuracy, we Finch. Indeed, White House lobbyists ex­ ered here in Washington for a week-long have once again witnessed a capitula­ pected to be working against the Whitten annual convention. Because I believe a tion by this administration to the forces amendment. strong, expanded merchant marine is of segregation and reaction. If the ad­ A statement by Finch opposing the vital to the economy and growth of our amendment was drafted at HEW on Friday, Nation, I would like to share with my col­ ministration must give away Federal , and-because the Justice Depart­ equal-opportunity programs as a politi­ leagues a portion of the remarks I made ment shares responsibility for school deseg­ before that convention last Thursday. I cal payoff to the South for votes in last regation policy with HEW-sent to Justice November's election, it at least should for Mitchell's co-signature. There it stopped want to bring these remarks and the not publicly compromise its integrity by cold. On Monday, July 28, Mitchell not only facts therein to the attention of my col­ saying one thing on civil rights while do­ refused to sign the statement but prevented leagues, because I believe the decline of ing the opposite. it from seeing the light of day. the merchant marine is a national trag­ The evidence is mounting, Mr. Speak­ That put the administration into a po­ edy and the problems of the merchant sition of benevolent neutrality toward the marine are the problems of the Nation. er. The Nixon administration is compil­ Whitten amendment. Paying an unusual The statement follows: ing an anticivil rights record which visit to a secret meeting of the House Re­ threatens to wipe out many of the hard­ publican leadership on Tuesday morning, STATEMENT OF HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. won gains of the past decade. One might July 29, in the minority whip office just I am very happy to be here with my friends have expected more from a President hours before the appropriations bill came of the Seafarers International Union. I feel up on the House floor, Mitchell explicitly at home with the Seafarers because I come elected under the banner of the party pronounced this position: the administra­ from a seafaring district in a seafaring State. of Lincoln. tion would not interfere with the Whitten The economy of Massachusetts was originally Mr. Speaker, as I said on national tele­ amendment. based on sea trade and the most exciting his­ vision last Sunday, I am terribly disap­ That doomed any hope of defeating Whit­ tory of the colonies in the early days of the pointed by the decision of the adminis­ ten. When liberal Republican congressmen Union stemmed from shipping and sea trade. tration not to take a public position on asked what had happened to the promised I am particularly happy to see here Paul Hall, the Whitten amendment. There is no statement from Finch, they were told lamely your great President, the leader of the Sea­ that Finch was in California (true enough) farers, a man who knows the problems and question that the provisions of that and unreachable (highly implausible). One potential of the Merchant Marine. I am also measure are intended to cripple the such congressman pleading for help against very happy to be here with my good friend, school desegregation program carried out the Whitten amendment was told by Mi­ Phil Carllp. Phil, I think, is probably the under title IV of the Civil Rights Act of nority Leader Gerald Ford of Michigan : "If it greatest advocate that the Searfarers and all 1964. Adoption of the provision would goes to a roll call, it's going to embarrass a the maritime trade unions could possible perpetuate unequal educational oppor­ lot of guys." ever have. He knows about everything con­ tunity and continue the shortchanging Thus attempts to reject the Whitten nected with the Merchant Marine. He per­ of black children--especially in the amendment were beaten on Thursday, 158 suades, argues, defends and when necessary, to 141, on a teller vote where no record is attacks. He is a valued friend because he is a South. I would hope, therefore, that the kept-thereby avoiding a roll call. Had the loyal friend, and he is a valuable source of administration will realize the folly and administration and Republican leadership information because the facts are always with immorality inherent in this decision, re­ taken a position, Whitten unquestionably him, always dependable and always docu­ consider the matter, and publicly oppose would have been beaten. mented. Phil Carlip is to the maritime trade the Whitten amendment while the bill is This has left a wretched taste not only what Martin Luther King was to civil rights. being considered in the Senate and later with the splinter of Republican liberals but The Speaker and I, and all those concerned during the conference committee ses­ such moderate conservatives as William Mc­ with the problems of the Merchant Marine, Culloch of Ohio, Albert Quie of Minnesota, consult him often and look to him for sound sions. Tom Railsback of Ill1nois, Edward Biester of advice. Mr. Speaker, I include as a part of my Pennsylvania, and one member of the party It seems to me, when I am talking to my remarks, the Evans and Novak column leadership caucus, chairman John Anderson, colleagues or to the public, that I should to which I have referred: Illinois (who spoke eloquently on the House not have to go into long, detailed discussions MITCHELL BLOCKED FINCH'S MOVE ON ANTI­ floor against the Whitten amendment.) about the needs of the Merchant Marine­ INTEGRATION PROPOSAL Such Republican discontent plus the ab­ the situation is clear, the problems are ob­ sence of Finch in California and President vious. And yet there must be a great deal (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) Nixon in Asia when Mitchell was laying more talking done because we have been The reason why the Nixon administration down policy provides a little hope for civil unable to change the great decline of the tolerated house passage last week of an rights forces at HEW. At any rate, Finch now Merchant Marine. There is no doubt about amendment designed to cripple school de­ intends to fight the Whitten amendment in it-the Merchant Marine must have a new segregation was the undercover intervention the Senate. program, must have funds and must have of Atty. Gen. John Mitchell, the strong man But even if the Whitten amendment does more defenders. of the Cabinet. not make it all the way through Congress, Today the Merchant Marine is less than Mitchell blocked a move by Robert Finch, Mitchell's benevolent neutrality toward it one fifth the size it was twenty years ago. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare is in itself of great significance. "I believe Today, almost 95 % of all our foreign com­ (HEW), to put the Nixon administration on a fundamental decision has been made," says merce is carried by ships flying foreign flags. record against the anti-integration proposal Congressman Anderson. That decision: the Today four-fifths of American merchant of Mississippi's Rep. Jamie Whitten. In fact, courts, not the executive branch will be given ships came out of shipyards during World Mitchell made a special, highly secret visit the job CYf enforcing school desegreation-a War II-that means they are at least twenty­ to Capitol Hill to make sure that Republican concept fully compatible with the Whitten five years old, and today the American ship­ leaders did not turn against the Whitten amendment. building industry is 14th in the world rank­ amendment. Because of this, the Whitten This historic shift means not only that the lng. That is where we are. And there may be pace of school desegreation will slow dra­ those that think it matters little, but I think amendment narrowly carried. matically (the Nixon administration's the Merchant Marine is of great importance The upshot transcends just one more vic­ Georgia court suit will take years to settle) to the Nation. I have always considered it tory for John Mitchell and one more defeat but that the federal judges, not President to be the fourth branch of our defense effort. for Bob Finch inside the administration. Nixon, will be blamed when it :finally comes. We know from prior and almost bitter ex­ Rather, this is a necessary triumph for These results could help satisfy the crucial perience that these ships can fill defense Mitchellism-the attorney general's grand but vulnerable requirement of Mitcheilism needs and are easily converted . to serve in design of combining the 1968 Nixon and that the Nixon administration pleases 1968 time of war. With the current "balance of Wallace votes into a national Republican Wallace voters enough to enlist them 1n a terror," strength will not be measured in majority. Vital to Mitchellism is a civil rights new majority. more and more nuclear weapons, but in a 'August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22975 strong, healthy population and a strong, Keep the pressure on, keep information locked office as rampaging students took over healthy economy. A large, expanded, active coming ln. Remind your Representatives the b-uilding. He was among the first of the and powerful Merchant Marine is the one that other world powers, especially Russia, faculty to phone and demand police protec­ factor that is missing from our economy. are building Merchant Marines as if it were tion. He is brllliant in some respects but too Without such a Merchant Marine, we will the only mode of transportation left to the confused to appreciate the possible connec­ lose more and more of the world trade and world. We should do the same. Hold the tion between his earlier pronouncements and our balance of payment problems will be parties to their campaign platform. Don't present student misconduct. aggravated. let up. Don't give up. Together I hope and Secondly, we must face the fact that some We must act now. Shipyards are closing. believe, we can bring new life to the Mer­ of our schools are substandard. Our educa­ Those that were thriving twenty years ago chant Marine. Not life in some distant fu­ tional system isn't perfect. Education isn't have been closed down. We are losing men ture, but here and now. always relevant, if I may borrow a word used with vital skills to other jobs and to other with monotonous regularity by the militant fields. It is reasonable to expect that if there often without knowing what it means. Many is no work for them, they will leave. And if times when students protest and demon­ we wait too much longer, we won't have VIOLENCE AND EDUCATION strate, they have a legitimate beef. Unfor­ people around to teach a new generation of tunately, our worst schools are often in areas workers these vital skills. Men can't afford where they need the best facilities and to stay in the maritime trades because they teachers. In County in some of love the sea and their jobs, they still must HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. our low income areas, attended mostly by feed their families. They will go wherever the OF CALIFORNIA children of minority groups, the dropout work is. We will lose these men. When we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rate is extremely high. Rarely does a student go on to college. Apart from considerations need them, we won't be able to call on them. Thursday, August 7, 1969 If we don't act now, we will have a tech­ of humanity and justice, we cannot afford nological gap. Shipyards of other Nations are Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, dur­ to allow this to continue. Ninety-five per using and will utilize modern technology; ing these days of chaos and crime in our cent of the inmates of prisons throughout the competition will get fiercer and fiercer. streets, it is refreshing and interesting this land are high school dropouts. A drop­ If we don't move now, if we don't start using out with no salable talent is most likely to this modern technology, we will be farther to hear strong but sensible words from end up on relief or in trouble with the law. and farther behind. our Nation's foremost law-enforcement Enlightened self-interest should compel us So, my friends, I say the problems are officer. A recent speech by Los Angeles to take whatever steps are necessary to in­ obvious a.nd the need for a solution is ob­ County District Attorney Evelle J. sure that every youngster in our nation gets vious. So what must we do? First, of all, I be­ Younger should be carefully listened to ' a good enough education to allow him to get lieve we need an independent maritime by every American. and keep a job. administration with a maritime policy. The Mr. Younger was elected as district In that connection, it is not possible; but, maritime administration must not continue it would be logical if we could move say, to be the step-child of Departments that attorney in November of 1964 and was Beverly Hills High School, to East Los An- consider its needs last. It must have inde­ reelected in June of 1968. . geles and one of the schools in the eastside pendent status, and it must have a pro­ He has served as both a practicing to Beverly Hills. With the superior facilities gram-a full both short and long-term pro­ attorney and a law instructor. He has and personnel, we might raise the education­ gram to rebuild the Merchant Marine and additionally authored numerous articles al level on the eastside without doing ma­ bring it back up to where it ought to be. and has been active in many community jor damage to Beverly Hills youngsters. Bev­ We must develop maritime technology. volunteer fields. erly Hills youngsters generally come from There should be research in the development It is with a great amount of pleasure successful families where there is no lan­ of small atomic reactors for merchant ships. guag.e problem. When those students start to We must modernize the naval yards. We that I present the remarks of District · school, they have pride and ambition; and must investigate, research, improve and use Attorney Evelle Younger: relatively speaking, they will do well in any modem means of shipbuilding. We must VIOLENCE AND EDUCATION educational institution. A child from a de­ provide new merchant ships to the unsub­ (By Evelle J. Younger, district attorney of pressed area, from a family with limited sidized tleet as well as to the subsidized. Los Angeles County, at the Law Day exer­ education and an unstable employment his­ That way we will liven the industry with cises, Glendale Civic Auditorium, May 1, tory at best (often, parents on relief or in competition. We have looked at and know we 1969) penal institutions, at worst), starts school must change the cargo preference laws. We Ten years ago, violence was one subject, with little chance, hope or even desire of want the industry to grow, we want more education was another. Today, unfortunately, getting that high school diploma. If you ships and we don't want to give all the this is no longer true. We all must be add a language problem, the child's chances cargo to just a few of these. For if we carry shocked, amazed and discouraged at the pres­ are nil. out all these programs, there wlll be plenty ent state of affairs. How did it come to pass? Thirdly, administrators, from the college of cargo tO go around for a tleet five times In my opinion these are the ingredients that president on down to the junior high school that of today. produce violence and destruction on campus principal, are, generally, untrained and com­ This is what has to be done. What have at all levels of the educational establishment pletely unqualified to cope with the problems we done so far? Last year we debated, per­ from grade school through graduate school. they are facing today. As one high school suaded, argued, fought, and finally suc­ First, we live in a permissive society. Many principal stated the other day, if he wanted ceeded in pa.ssing a bill to create an inde­ Americans have apparently believed that the to fight, he could join the army. In virtually pendent maritime administration. We passed best way to preserve our ideals and institu­ every major university in the country to­ it overwhelmingly, and we loot it to a pocket tions is to constantly attack them. I believe, day, armed guards are on duty at the en­ veto. We will try again. President Nixon in recent years, we have been unduly toler­ trance to the president's office. This is dis­ appears not to have any maritime policy­ ant toward those in o~r midst who perpe­ turbing and not at all in keeping with the although the Republican Platform promised trated illegal and often violent acts. There traditions of scholarly life. Historically, one us the world. But we will try again. We had has been a tendency on the part of many an going into the teaching profession had rea­ a strong merchant marine program · in the individual to act as· though he was his own son to expect a relatively tranquil existence. Democratic Platform, too, and the Demo­ Supreme Court. Many persons have adopted The teaching profession has never paid a crats in the House of Representatives ilitend the attitude that they will obey such laws lot of money and professors don't expect to see that the promises in that Platform they like and ignore those they don't. As­ to get rich. But they generally have, in the are honored. saultive behavior has been permitted on past, found happiness and gratification in, One hundred and forty Members of the many a campus that would not have been . what w.as a relatively calm and peaceful ex­ 91st Congress have sponsored legislation to tolerated on skid row. The college newspaper istence providing opportunity to serve and create an independent maritime administra­ at one of our great universities editorially enrich our nation by imparting knowledge. tion. The Omnibus Maritime legislation · in­ urged students to smoke marijuana in defi­ That is all changed. Teachers now are fre­ troduced last year has been reintroduced ance of a law making such an act a felony. quently the victims of assaultive behavior­ and will hopefully be enacted in this Con­ Prominent professors, ministers, and profes­ often the subject of violent obscene behavior gress. There has been a great deal of varied sional men have repeatedly urgE;d young and criticism from those they serve. Even if legislation to stimulate growth and compe­ people to disobey laws they consider to be a teacher could physically cope with some tition in the shipping industry. I am happy immoral. Is it any wonder that many young of the problems, his or her right to do so to tell you that in the Military Constructiqn people are convinced they can make their has been eroded in recent years. Appropriations of 1970, which was just be­ own rules? · By the same token, we haven't trained fore me in the Rules Committee, we are And the irony of it--a professor in our In.allY principals or college presidents in such providing the first funds for shipyard mod­ community has for several years advocated subJects as mob psychology, guerrilla tactics ernization. Not enough funds, I contend, that violence was justified if the end that was and such things as they may necessarily have but a commitment at least, a start. Much being sought w~s a noble one. During are­ .to know now if they are now to be effective. more needs to be done, and I ca.Il on you to cent incident at.o.ne of our local colleges in Being ;untrained in this regard it is natural help see that it is done. · Los Ang~les Co")lnty, he took. shelter ill his t~at many sometimes exercise poor judg- 22976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August ·7, 1"969 ment. For example, there is a general tend­ suspended from teaching duties which was to study; he has time to contemplate; and ency to underreact to violence and threats of the procedure up to that time. There were he has had time to develop the art of criti­ violence. Too often a college administrator a number of demonstrations and sit-ins and cism as it has never been developed before. will hesitate to call for police assistance in the Board was subject to a good deal of So, you have the highly-educated teenager the early stages of a potentially violent situa­ pressure by a mmtant minority of students with time on bis hands and a high degree of tion when violence might be prevented. Too and adults from the eastside. As a result, the social consciousness and impatience with often, professors or students advise, "Don't Board voted to reinstate the teacher. This what appears to be too slow progress in solv­ call the police, you will just antagonize a was clearly a victory for the militants. This ing people problems, and you have a group of great many students and make the situation Board member told me that he now realizes teenagers that are easy prey to the profes­ worse." Well, I recall the first time that ap­ that he made a mistake and would like to sional troublemakers. proach was used. The then Chief of Police, have a chance to vote over on the issue. That is the next ingredient, the profes­ William Parker, Head of the Los Angeles The fourth ingredient that goes to make sional troublemakers. You find them on every Police Department, was told, just prior to the up the total picture are the teenagers. To­ campus either as students or as persons from Watts Riots by a number of ministers and day's teenager is different than any of his off campus who have just come to help the others who considered themselves commu­ predecessors. Teenagers today are firmly con­ students resolve some of their problems. You nity leaders, that they would keep the situa­ vinced that they know more than their par­ will find them involved in every act of vio­ tion calm and reduce tensions if only the ents or adults generally about the problems lence, every campus disturbance. If, for ex­ Chief would not move his forces into the that confront us. You say, "So what's new, I ample. you have five hundred students in a area. The Chief certainly and understandably thought the same thing when I was a teen­ belligerent mood, marching toward the ad­ wishing to avoid violence if possible and be­ ager." Well, the thlng that makes the differ­ ministration building, you will find these lieving that the community leaders might ence is the fact that today's teenager may professional troublemakers in front of the have some influence on the situation (which be right. The knowledge gap between today's five hundred. Who are they? Well, a very few as it developed, they didn't), accepted the teenager and the adult population is nar­ will be professional, dedicated Communists advice and kept the police forces out. That rower than it has ever been before. To put it who know exactly what they are doing. They decision may well have been the major cause another way, we have produced the best edu­ are highly trained, motivated and are carry­ of the Watts Riots. Looking back now, all cated teenage generation in this or any other ing out preconceived plans to disrupt the law enforcement in our community is in gen­ country since the beginning of time. And, campus and all parts oi the educational and eral agreement that it was a mistake not to of course, as might be anticipated, while they governmental machine. There are not many apply massive but restrained force-police are generally willing to admit their brilliance of them and they couldn't carry off a violent force-to the area immediately. Let me add, and high level of education, they give no demonstration by themselves unless they I am not criticizing Chief Parker. After all, credit or see no causal connection between were backed up by a great many young people he had no experience handling a major riot. that happy state and the much maligned whose hearts are pure, whose motives are of Neither had any other chief of police in the educational system which produced them; the highest, whose judgment is faulty and nation at that time. We learn by our mis­ and they certainly give no credit to that who have somehow become involved in vio­ takes in the past. Hopefully and presumably, much maligned group, their elders, who fi­ lent and criminal conduct without knowing our police forces would not underreact if a nanced it. In any event, while they are highly really quite how it happened. Alongside the similar situation arose again. educated, their judgment probably is no bet­ Communists, you will have a few professional Presumably, after learning the hard way, ter than my judgment or your judgment was revolutionaries~a few hate-filled, dedicated a high school or college admiListrator would when we were teenagers. So you start with extremists--who couldn't care less about call in police forces at an appropriate time that and add to it the time factor. Today's communism. But, they are headed in the without waiting for the situation to get out teenager not only has the educational back­ same direction as the Communists. They of hand. In that connection, academicians, ground, but he has the opportunity and time want to destroy our governmental and educa­ who generally and properly abhor violence required to critically examine all of the adult tional .systems. They regard our .society as a and shun the physical as opposed to verbal institutions and activities. We certainly give racist society and they argue that it can't be approach, seem to be learning that there is them plenty to criticize because we have chan~ed, that it can only be destroyed. no such thing as an insignificant crime. made many mistakes. There is much wrong The Communists and the revolutionaries There is no such thing as a harmless vio­ with our society. We have had over fifty wars alone can't do much damage. Out of a group lation of the law. If you permit students to of vayYing slzes and shapes throughout the of five hundred, there will probably be a very lock a college president in his office without world since World War II ended and we are small percentage that will fit into those cate­ punishment, where do you draw the line? now engaged in a very difficult and unpopu­ lar war in Vietnam. gories. The vast majority, probably 475, are Do you allow a student to physically attack young people, mostly students, who, if they a teacher if he only breaks a nose and Today's teenager has lived constantly with survive these dangerous days and these causes no permanent injury? Will he be per­ the knowledge that if World War III breaks traumatic experiences without any serious mitted to set fire to the administration out, our nation, the most powerful in the injury or prosecution, will become respon­ building so long as he does damage to only history of the world, might see 50 million of sible, productive adults, productive in the one or two offices? How many buildings must our countrymen killed. The draft and an 80- sense of contributing to society. I am not the students occupy before action is taken? 100 billion annual military budget seem to talking in terms of money. Most of them will College presidents and academicians gener­ be permanent fixtures. We have social prob­ lems throughout our nation, problems in big eventually get married and settle down and ally would answer these questions a lot dif­ start thinking in terms of buying their own ferently today than they would have ten cities that seem insurmountable. There ls no question but that we have done less than a home and ralsing a family and putting a lit­ years ago. I believe that most people have tle aside so that the kids can go to college. come to realize that while dissidents have perfect job in solving the problems that beset a right to be heard, they do not have a right us. I don't think we have done any worse job, This is part of the traditional American to accomplish by force what they fail to of course. than our fathers or our grand­ dream. Man has been thinking along those accomplish by persuasion. I believe the fathers or our great-grandfathers did in lines since he first moved out of the trees tragic death of Senator Kennedy may have problem solving; but, as I say, we didn't t.ave into caves. But, meantime, these are trying persuaded many who were not previously as much time, when we were teenagers as times for the youngsters as well as the adults. convinced that violence cannot be tolerated. does the present teenage generation, to criti­ They are impatient, they are frustrated, It is frighteningly obvious that a political cally examine the mistakes that were made they are discouraged, they are anxious to assassination is a logical extension of block­ by the adult establishments. contribute, and, as I say, they too often fall ing doorways, destroying property, or setting You must understand that I am not one of easy prey to professional troublemakers. fire to school buildings. The only difference those who believes that a student ought to To all of this we add one other ingredient between hitting a teacher in the nose and be forced to walk six miles to school through and it is the fact that if teenagers are differ­ killing a United States Senator is one of high snow drlfts in order to become a worth­ ent today, so are teachers. Traditionally, a degree. while individual. I, for example, grew up in teacher was completely devoted and dedi­ As a matter of fact, it is apparent that Hastings, Nebraska, and I delivered the cated to the profession. It was regarded as many persons, with responsibilities in con­ Omaha World Herald at five o'clock in the a high calling. No amount of deprivation or nection with their educational institutions morning, winter and summer, sometimes discomfort was unbearable to a dedicated in this country, would like to have a chance when the temperature was ten or fifteen de­ school teacher. Salary was of little conse­ to do some things over that they did some grees below zero, and I don't think it did a quence. If adequate physical facilities were time ago. The Regents, for example, at the darn thing for my character. I think I would not available, the teacher suffered but University of California, would certainly vote have been better off home in bed. I would didn't quit, didn't protest unduly. Those differently today than they did vote five to have made better grades and learned more in days are gone forever. Now, teachers are de­ ten years ago on certain major issues. A school. The fact ls that I had to work my way manding, and I think properly so, that they member of the L.A. City Board of Education, through school as did most of you. Today's be paid a decent wage and be given reason­ who shall remain nameless, made a confession teenager, today's college student, is usually able working conditions. They, too, ought to to me the other day. Some months ago, when either receiving a. generous allowance from be able to own a home and send their kids to we indicted certain indlviduals, including home or is on a full tuition scholarship with college. And like nurses and members of one school teacher, for what we charged 1s a his education being financed by the Federal other professions that traditionally have criminal conspiracy in connection with the government, state government or some pri­ never organized on the basis of self-interest, eastside school blowouts, the teacher was vate foundation. In any event, he has time they are now doing so; and in ·certain cases, August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22977 where it is necessary, some of them are even The world they take over will be a better President Robert . Simpson. He was to going on strike. The problem is often that world. It certainly is an imperfect world now; assume his new duties on . you will have a. teacher's strike and a. student our government is not a. perfect govern­ In the years that he served district 727, demonstration going on at the same time ment-it is just the best ever devised by the real progress that substantially benefited and the situation is that much more dan­ mind of man. And our educational system gerous and explosive. isn't perfect; it is just the best in the world. the membership was made under his You put these all toget her and t hey spell We educate more people and educate them leadership. trouble, big trouble; trouble t hat is not better than in any other place in the world. In commenting on the tragedy, the going to be ended soon. I think I have de­ We recognize shortcomings and will try to o~cers of Lockheed, in a special bulletin, scribed the problem accurately. I have raised improve them. But we are absolutely com­ said that they "have always had the t he questions. I wish I could describe the mitted to the proposition that improvement highest regard for Tom McNett, consid­ solut ion as well as I can describe the prob­ will take place within the framework of law and order. No one ever improved an educa­ ering him an outstanding union leader­ lem. There is no simple, easy solution. I do, that his loss will be felt personally by however, suggest one thing. We must adopt tional instit ution by burning down the a n attitude without which t here can be no buildings on campus. No youngster ever got many members of the organization." permanent solution. I suggest that this an education carrying a sign on t he sidewalk Other messages of condolence and re­ attitude will have to reflect the firm convic­ in front of his school. spect poured in from union members, tions of all the responsible citizens. Maybe and Government and community leaders commitment is a. better word than attitude throughout the Los Angeles area. but we must be completely and utterly de­ Tom McNett's death is a sadly tragic, voted to the propos!tion that we are going THOMAS E. McNETT-VICTIM OF untimely, and unnecessary loss to his to achieve needed social reform and, at the family, fiiends, and associates. He will same time, insist upon obedience to the rule BURBANK TRAGEDY of law. There is no question but that social be sorely missed in the community. His progress has been slow and must be speeded devoted and effective efforts in behalf of up. There is no question that there has been HON. JAMES C. CORMAN the union membership will always be prejudice and discrimination in many areas, OF CALIFORNIA remembered. The remarkable leadership including the educational :field, which must qualities which he possessed and his out­ be eliminated, completely and quickly. We IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES standing capabilities made it possible for must admit our mistakes and our short­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 the union and the management of the comings and pour the necessary money, aerospace industry to work in harmony talent and dedication into a. massive effort Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, a shock­ to effect necessary changes. But, we must, at ing, tragic occurrence on in Bur­ and in the best interests of all concerned. the same time, recognize that there can be bank, Calif., took the life. of Thomas E. My heartfelt sympruthy is extended to no social progress except in an environment McNett, president of district 727 of the his family, with the hope that time will where law and order preyails. It is equally AFL-CIO International Association of lift their sorrow, and that the memories true, of course, that without social progress Machinists and Aerospace Workers of an exceptional person will bring solace we cannot maintain permanent peace and to them. tranquility in our nation. We cannot hire Union. enough policemen to provide security unless In the space of a half hour in a sense­ we take steps to eliminate the basic causes less and brutal act, Tom McNett and of much of the dissatisfaction felt by the two workers at the Lockheed-California ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE POLLU­ young people and other citizens today. While plant were shot by Isaac Jernigan, Jr., a TION: A NEW THREAT TO SANITY admitting our shortcomings, and acknowl­ templatemaker at Lockheed and a mem­ edging the necessity for improvement, we are ber of district 727 union. Jernigan de­ going to get rid of our inferiority complex scended on his Lockheed supervisor, HON. JEFFERY COHELAN and stop apologizing to students and every­ OF CALIFORNIA one else when we call for an application of Howard Domonoske, at the plant; shot police power to maintain law and order. and killed him. Eluding police units who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The law enforcement profession is the sec­ were searching for him, he made his way Thursday, August 7, 1969 ond oldest profession. As soon as man started on foot to union headquarters where to move around and meet other men from Tom McNett and Leonard Nolan were Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, as we other tribes, he found himself vulnerable. sharing after-meeting refreshments with focus attention on the traditional values There was always somebody with a. bigger of clean air, pure water, and beautiful club or with a. stronger arm to take his wife about 75 members of the district's retire­ ment club. Jernigan shot McNett three scenery, and as we determine to protect or cave away from him. So people hired and to improve these aspects of our en­ policemen to do for them what they could times. He lived but a few moments. No­ not do for themselves. Police are still per­ lan died instantly while attempting to vironment, there is one element we may forming the same function today. They are halt the killer. neglect-that of quiet. protecting lives and property. Were it not for Jernigan had been charged with re­ Dr. Donald F. Anthrop, an active con­ the police, a. man with the toughest gang or peated safety violations by his super­ servationist and distinguished chemist, the most guns could take our lives or our visor, Domonoske. The union had in­ has been analyzing the stresses of noise homes or our property. The police prevent it. on persons and on property and inves­ The police preserve and protect lives and tervened in his behalf with Lockheed. On the morning of the tragedy he had been tigating means of noise abatement. property and their obligation doesn't end at 1969 the edge of the campus. Lives and property reprimanded for still another safety vio­ In the May bulletin of the Atomic on campus are just as precious as off campus. lation. Apparently, his grievances against Scientists, Dr. Anthrop reminds us how Furthermore, we must get rid of our inferior­ these charges triggered his deranged insidiously noise has invaded our homes, ity complex and our guilt feeling _about mind and led him to commit these mur­ our cities, our highways, and the space something that happened many years ago. ders. He is being held by the local above us. He cautions especially about We must insist that everyone, whatever their the noise hazards of the supersonic color, whatever their religion, no matter that authorities. transport plane and the offense our mili­ they may have been the victim of prejudice I had no personal acquaintanceship tary authorities perpetrate in refusing to or discrimination, notwithstanding the fact with Nolan and Domonoske, but I knew that our great-great-great-great-grandpar­ follow civilian efforts to lessen aircraft Tom McNett well. I am pained at their noise levels. ents may have been cruel to their great­ deaths and terribly distressed over the great-great-great-grandparents, obey the law. way they had to die. Mr. Speaker, it is Mr. Speaker, I insert Dr. Anthrop's ar­ We must say, "We are sorry and we are going ticle at this point of the RECORD, and hope to try to solve some of our problems. But fearful to contemplate the ease with which an unbalanced person can find that it will receive my colleagues' careful while we do, everyone-man, woman and attention: child, black, brown, yellow or white-is going the means to commit such a horrible to follow the rules. And where there is a vio­ deed. One can only hope that preventive ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE PoLLUTION A NEW lation, we will move promptly and vigorously action can be taken in some way to keep THREAT TO SANITY to apprehend and prosecute the persons who guns out of the hands of unstable people. (By Donald F . Anthrop) commit the violation." In other words, we Tom McNett was a wonderful person. (NoTE.-Sta.ndards developed by the U.S. are making a total commitment to social Air Force (the largest employer in the coun­ progress within the framework of law and For 35 years he labored in the service try with a very noisy environment) have order. of the International Association of Ma­ led to a recommendation that ear "de­ And our citizens, particularly our young chinists. Just a few days before hi.s death fenders" be worn 11' the noise levels exceed citizens, will face a brighter future because of he had received word of his appointment 85 decibels. What is not generally recognized our insistence upon obedience to the law. to the grand lodge staff of General Vice is that the level o! "ordinary" noise in a 22978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 community frequently exceeds the 85 de­ veys ever made was the London survey tn tions of the outer .surfaces of the vehicle. The cibel level-which has been found injurious 1961. Noise measurements were made at 540 exhaust is the predominant source of noise in industry. And the end is not even in sight. locations 1n central London, and 1,400 resi­ in an unsilenced internal combustion engine. Just over aviation•s horizon is the supersonic dents at those locations were interviewed. At It has been demonstrated that complete sil­ transport airplane and its sonic boom. Dr. 84 per cent of the points tra.11ie noise pre­ encing of the exhaust of a 10-ton diesel truck Anthrop is a research chemist at Lawrence dominated. About one-third of the people by means of a series of large mufiiers reduces Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California. specifically mentioned motor vehicle noise the noise 10 to 15 decibels in the low fre­ He is a conservationist, and is doing research as a major irritant. Furthermore, traffic noise quency range. Silencing of the engine inlet in noise abatement.) appeared to be as important .an annoyance produces a smaller noise reduction but over a The sources of noise today seem almost as all other noises together. wider frequency .range. limitless. From the kitchen in the modern A number of surveys have established be­ Control of noise produced by the engine home comes a cacophony that would require yond doubt that the noise problem near structure is somewhat more difficult. One ap­ ear defenders in industry to prevent hear­ high-speed highways arises principally from proach has been to build an acoustically­ ing loss. In a series of measurements made trucks, and sports cars. In 1964 lined enclosure around the engine. In any 1n one kitchen, a dishwasher raised the noise the California Highway Patrol conducted a case, · the noise level of nearly all motor level in the center of the kitchen from 56 to series of tests along California highways in vehicles could be reduced by 10 to 15 decibels 85 decibels, while the garbage cU.sposal raised which noise levels of 25,351 passenger cars, in the near future at small cost. it to more than 90 decibels. A food blender 4,656 gasoline trucks, and 5,838 diesel trucks Finally, substitution of electrically or produces about .93 decibels. Power lawn were measured. Noise levels of the passenger steam-powered vehicles !or the internal com­ mowers and leaf rakers, outside air condi­ cars, measured 50 feet from the road, varied bustion engine would not only result in a tioners, and power tools such as saw con­ between 65 and 86 decibels with the average major reduction of urban air pollution, but tribute to the noise 1n the home. But for falling at about 76. On the other hand, noise would enormously reduce traffic noise. The most Americans, construction and transpor­ levels for diesel trucks ranged from 68 to 99 brightest hope !or the future clearly lies in tation sources, particularly trucks, motor­ decibels with the average at about 87. such vehicles coupled with underground cycles, sports ca.rs, private airPlanes and heli­ ANTINOISE LAWS systems for the movement of goods. copters as well as commercial jets and m111- tary a.ircraft, are the most serious offenders. The results of these various surveys AmCBAF'l' NOISE demonstrate quite clearly that in order to Since there are now nearly 1,200 jet air­ CONSTRUCTION NOISE achieve quieter living conditions. cities must liners, about an equal number of piston air­ Particularly in large cltles, construction reduce motor vehicle noise. Yet governments craft, and more than 100,000 private airplanes noise is a very substantial and seemingly at all levels have thus far failed to achieve in service in the United States, the aircraft continuous nuisance. This noise can be sub­ any meaningful reductions In 1965 the State noise problem has become very widespread. stantially reduced with existing technology of New York enacted a law limiting the noise Today millions of Americans are affected by and without great cost. In , .a motor vehicle can produce at a distance of this aural assault~ Congressmen Benjamin Citizens for a Quieter City in New York 50 feet to 88 decibels while traveling 35 miles Rosenthal and Herbert Tenzer whose- Long demonstrated a muflled air compressor de­ per hour. In 1967 California e.nacted legisla­ Island communities lie under the fiight paths veloped in Great Britain and used there for tion which sets a Um1t of 92 decibels f~r mo­ for La Guardia and Kennedy have warned the past five years which reduced the noise torcycles and trucks of three tons gross o.r that the mood of their constituents has be­ level from 86 to 79 decibels at a distance of more, traveling at speeds above 35 miles per come one of desperation, not just unhappi­ 25 feet. The compressor is enclosed in a hour. All other motor vehicles are limited to ness. plastic housing lined with foam plastic. This 86 decibels. That these limits are much too The courts have held that insofar as the organization also demonstrated a muflled high is suggested by the fact that in 1961 operation of aircraft is concerned, the federal jack hammer which produced significantly California hired an acoustical consulting firm government has preempted the field. A 1963 fewer decibels. Tests at the British Building to make a survey of motor vehicle noise and ordinance of Hempstead, Long Island which Research Station have shown that jack ham­ to recommend limits consistent with existing regulated the altitude and fiight path of air­ mer noise can be mutned considerably with­ technology and currently available noise craft while over the city was ruled invalid in out any great impairment of performance. measuring techniques. The firm recom­ a 1967 court suit. Ordinances such as the re­ Many European cities are already using muf­ mended .ma.ximum limits of 87 decibels for cent one passed by the city of Santa Barbara fied jack hammers a.nd air compressors trucks and motorcycles and 77 for other mo­ banning supersonic fiights over the city also equipped with sound attenuating devices. tor vehicles. would probably be declared invalid in a court Some of the techniques that can be em­ Even these lower limits were deemed to be "test. ployed were illustrated by the Diesel Con­ easily attainable with existing technology. Noise levels in some communities near our struction Company in the construction of a Furthermore, no valid argument has been major airports have become so intolerable 52-story office building in lower Manhattan. advanced to justify higher noise limits for that many residents cannot continue to live Foundation blasting was muflled with spe­ motorcycles than for passenger cars. There is 1n those communities. Lawsuits totalling $200 cial steel wire mesh blankets, demolition no reason why a 50-horsepower million are pending in the courts. A few peo­ was done during late hours and weekends should be allowed to make as much noise as ple have been awarded damages where it was when few people were 1n the area, and steel four 300-horsepower Cadillacs. Yet the new shown that property values had declined or beams were welded rather than riveted to­ California noise law permits precisely this where some directly measurable economic gether. situation. Worse yet, the law is not being en­ penalty had been incurred. But generally, the MOTOR VEHZCLE NOISE forced, particularly with respect to motor­ private citizen has been able to get llttle Transportation constitutes the principal cycles, which have become a real threat to compensation for the abuse he has suffered. source of noise in most American cities. sanity in city and back-county alike. Recently the airport operators, who consider There are now 81 mill1on privately-owned A substantial fraction of the motorcycles the reduction of aircraft noise to be pri­ marily the responsibility of the manufactur­ passenger cars in the United States compa~ed being operated in California today have al­ with 25.5 milli

- ..tf.ugust 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22979

August 1968, President Johnson signed Into and the airlines ha~e operated on the basis lie demands the closure of some of these law a measure requiring the Fedel'al Aviation of their own .short-range .economic interests poorly situated installations. perhaps the Administration to undertake control and and have tailed to devote t.b.e efforts .a.nd Defense Department will be motivated -to abatement of aircraft Il()ise. The FAA was resources needed to solve 1-t. develop quieter aircraft. not particularly eager to have this responsi­ If the already grave situation is not to some BOOM AND 'THE SST bility, for the law appears to make the FAA beeome won;e. some bold steps will have to liable for damage suits arising from aircraft be taken: The worst is yet to come when--and If­ noise. 1. The federal government should provide Boeing's supersonic transport (SST) , bullt The FAA has initiated noise control pro­ a greatly increased funding level .for quiet -with federa! financing, goes into sa-vice in the 1970s. Whenever a plane :flies faster tban cedures at some airports, but until quieter engine research so that take~o1f noise will engines are built, there is not a. great deal be reduced by 40, ·not 20 decibels. the speed of soun-d (about 344 meters per it can do with regard to jet transport noise. 2. Whenever a substantially quieter en­ second) it generates shock wa~es whi~h trail The noise control procedures that have been gine is developed, the FAA ·should require out behind the plane on both sides of its implemented are directed almost solely at existing aircraft to be retro-fitted with th.e path. When these shock waves intercept the they reducing the noise level in communities new engine. It the airlines cannot afford the earth, produce the thunderclap we call lying directly under the :flight path while the cost without increasing fares, 'then fares "sonic boom.~· Typically the boom is felt plane is at low aititude. While reductions should be increased. The small percentage of along a belt that extends 40 miles on each · have been achieved ln such communities, the the population that uses the airlines should 'Side of the plane's :flight path. The severity result has often been to spread the noise be .required to assume part of the burden of the boom depends on the plane's size and ar.ound to other communities. This is pre­ for providing a livable environment for the altitude, but there is no known way to cisely what has occurred at the Washington, millions of people who suffer from the noise eliminate the boom itBelf. There exists a D.C. National Airport where tae FAA requires but derive no economic benefit from it. common misconception that this so-nic boom departing aircraft to climb as quickly as pos­ 3. Particularly in densely populated areas is produced only once when the plane first sible to 1,500 feet and then cut back the such as the Northeast Corridor, the Chicago­ exceeds the speed of sound. In fact, it is pro­ power and f-allow the Potomac River noxth­ Pittsburgh region, and the -San duced continuously along the piane•s path ward. Flights over the White House, the Francisco con:idor, high-speed raU transpor­ while it is in supersonic flight. .Capitol, the Washington Monument, and the tation could substantially reduce air traffic. The whole SST program places In serious U.S. Naval Observatory are prohibited. But 4. Future airports should be planned ac­ question the commitment of the FAA, the De­ since Washington National Airport is just cording to the principles used at Dulles In­ partment of Transportation and Congress to across tile Potomac River from the Lincoln ternational Airport and the new one now noise reduction. Thus far, Congress has ap­ Memorial, central Washington is still bom­ being planned for Dallas where 18,000 acres propriruted $65~ million for SST. Worse yet, on barded by the constant roar of jets, and com­ are being purchased to prevent encroach­ , 1968 the Senate defeated an amend­ munities such as Georgetown are now di­ ment of residential dwellings. ment to the Aircraft Noise Abatement Act rectly under the :flight path. Why should res­ 5. New airports should be located 20 or 30 which would have prohibited the SST from idents of Georgetown be subjected to the miles from the metropolitan area, as Dulles :flying at supersonic speeds across continental noise while congressmen on Capitol Hill are International Airport is, and serviced by America. The proponents of SST in Congress protected from the din? If the congressional high-speed surface transportation. argued that prohibition of overland flights office buildings rather than residential com­ was unnecessary because the FAA probably munities were under the flight path, Con­ FAA AUTHORITY would not permit such :flights anyway. But gress would long ago have taken steps to end When Congress passed the Aircraft Noise the very fact tha.t Congress was unwilling to the nuisance. Abatement ActJ the FAA was clearly given legislate against sonic boom indicates over­ The solution to the aircraft noise problem authority to regulate noise from private land :flights by the SST are anticipated. And in the District of Columbia is to close Wash­ planes. Yet the FAA has so far done nothing since the FAA is the agency responsible !or ington National Airport. Few people pres­ about this growing menace and has in­ the direction and funding of the entire SST ently use Dulles because it is so far from dicated little interest in doing anything. The development program, asking it to regulate the city, but it would be much more attrac­ light planes of today are more powerful and sonic boom is like putting the fox in the -tive if a rapid transit system connected the far noisier than they were a decade ago. chicken coop. The attitude of the Department airport with downtown Washington. Fur­ Worse, there are a lot more of them. One of Transportation on the sonic boom issue thermore, a substantial percentage o.f the can reasonably ask why a single businessman is illustrated in a statement made by Major traffic at Washington National Airport con­ in an executive plane should be allowed to General Jewell C. Maxwell, the chief of the sists o.f Washington-New York and Washing­ create a noise .nuisance that irritates liter­ SST program: 1 'We believe that people in ton-Boston commuter service. It high-speed ally thousands of people in the communi­ time will come to accept the SOllie boom as rail service were available between these ties along his :flight path? Furthermore, noise they have the rather unpleasant side effects points. this traJI:ic could be almost ellmi­ from private planes is becoming a frequent which have a.coompa.n.ied other advances in na.bed. intruder into the solitude of national parks transportation." .GETTING Ia ~HE SOURCE and wilderness areas. This is a myth which so far has survived Whlle :flight procedures can bring relief to The present noise levels produced by scientific evidence to the contrary. Aircraft som.e oonununities, the only solution to the light aircraft are quite unnecessary. The noise studies have shown that people become aircraft noise problem lies 1n quieting or FAA should prohibit private planes from more intolerant of jet aircraft as the number eliminating the .source. NASA is financing re­ :flying below 8,000 feet over populated areas of :fly-overs or the duration of each :fly-over search and development to develop a new and should require that all private planes is increased. "'quiet engine." Preliminary tests indicate the be equipped with mutners and acoustical ma­ In order to assess public acceptance of new quiet engine wUl reduce take-off noise terials to r.eduee engine noise. sonic boom, the FAA conducted tests in by 1.5 decibels. In static tests with a Pratt While a feeble first step has been taken Oklahoma City in 1964. During a six month 'SD.d Whitney J-57 engine, Boeing claims to to reduce the noise produced by civilian air­ period, 1,253 supersonic filghts were made have obtalned a noise reduetion o-f nearly craft, the deafening roar of military ·planes over the city. Oklahoma City was one of the 40 decibels by use of acoustical linings in the continues unabated. for the FAA does not most favorable locations the FAA could have engine. There are reports that the proposed have jurisdiction over military planes or chosen to get public acceptance of sonic European airbus will use advanced engines 1light operations. The Department of De­ boom since nearly one-third of the city's -whieh will produce a 75 decibel noise level fense has made no -effort to develop qui-eter residents depend on the aviation industry far on take-o1l'.. For eompa.rtson, the Boeing 707- jet aircraft claiming that it cannot afford their living. Furthermore. no sonic booms '320B in normal .operation (that is, in the ab­ the weight penalty that quieter engines were made at night--the really critical test. sence of FAA noise control procedures) pro­ would impose. Instead of making a serious Yet 27 per cent of the people said they could duces about 107 dec.ibels on take-off. Clearly, effort to reduce noise levels in communities never learn to live with the .sonic boom and then, the manufacturers can build quieter near military installations, Defense has em­ over 4,900 .residents filed damage claims aircraft if they are forced to do so. When can barked upon a publl~ relations campaign to against the FAA. Most people found the we expect some relief? Manufacturers say the convince the American public that they booms more irritating at the end of the tests giant Boeing 747. scheduled .for late 1969, should not only tolerate but welcome this than at the beginn.ing. is already in production and cannot be fitted assault on their eardrums because the mili­ Operation of the SST over continental with new engines even if they were available. tary establishment is defending them. This United States would not only .shatter the The 747 is expected to produce a 100 decibel country's military brass .seems quite willing solitude o.f nearly every park and wilderness noise level on take-off. The airlines argue to destroy our environment in the name of area 1n the country, but could do extensive that to retro-fit existing turbojets with the defending it. damage to some of these places as well. Be­ new quiet engine would cost $6 million per A case in point is the Alameda Naval Air tween and December 22, 1966 some plane and that they cannot afford it. Thus, Station which lies adjacent to the city of 83 sonic booms, several of whlch caused ex­ if the present trend continues, we cannot Oakland, California in the very heart of a tensive c:lamage, were recorded in Canyon de expect any .relie1 before the late 1970s. But metropolitan area. Over 1.75 million people Chelly National Monument, Arizona. One of by that time any noise reduction will be live within 12 miles of the runway. Bet:keley the.se booms loosened an estimated 80 tons partly offset by the doubllng -of air tramc .and Oakland residents frequently .find them­ of rock which fen on ancient Indian cliff expected .between now and 1975. The ~ Is selves .rudely .awakened .early Sunday morn­ dwellings and caused irreparable damage. that the present exasperating noise problem ing by jets streaking over the East Bay hills Damage has also been reported in Bryce Can­ exists because the aircraft manufacturers with afterburners blazing. If an aroused pub- yon National Park, Utah. CXV--1448-Part 17 22980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 1969 Canada has already banned the operation aboard wi·th similar laws. And last year the Eighty-four percent, fifty-six percent, of supersonic aircraft over its provinces. Both Congress of the United States enacted a law sixty-four percent. and have in­ calling for the elimination of architectural Do you know what these people are really dicated they will prohibit supersonic flights barriers in all buildings erected with Federal saying, when you look beneath the surface within their borders 1f their citizens com­ money. of their responses? They are saying: "Were­ plain. And third, I've always been impressed With ject the handicapped. We don't want them BOONDOGGLE PROGRAM South Carolina's vocational rehabilitation around us. We want them away somewhere, The whole SST program is an economic program; with its innovations; and with its anywhere-but away." boondoggle, the prime beneficiary of which leadership, under Dill Beckman. And do you know why this attitude of re­ is the aircraft manufacturing industry. The The fourth reason I'm glad to be here jection is so prevalent in America? It ties in FAA has committed $1.3 blllion or about 83 has to do with the Governor's Committee it­ with the short-circuits in our communica­ per cent of the estimated development cost self. Under the leadership of Chairman Dill tions systems. and Congress has already appropriated half Beckman of the Department of Vocational When we stop communicating with one this amount. But low cost estimates and Rehabil1tation and Executive Secretary another, when we stop exchanging ideas With delays in the program now indicate the cost Kathryn Lewis of the State Employment one another, when we board ourselves up in to the federal government wlll be at least Service, this Committee has made a great our own ivory towers-that's when we stop $3.5 billion before the first plane is sold. The impact on your State. It has built a favorable understanding one another. And when we FAA talks glowingly of estimated sales be­ climate for the handicapped. It has stirred stop understanding one another, we also stop tween $20 and $48 billion, but not long ago up interest. It has led the way to more jobs accepting one another. The result: rejection. the Institute of Defense Analysis issued a for the handicapped. The result: the kind of disturbing findings report which indicated that if supersonic The :fifth reason is your own RehabiUta­ the Roper survey found. travel were restricted to overwater flights, tion Workshop in Aiken, and all the fine What's the cause of all this? there would be a market for only 279 planes things it has been doing to help the handi­ I think the cause is tied in with the times and the whole project would become an eco­ capped gain independence. we live in. Ours is an age of specialization. nomic disaster. And the sixth reason-a very important Ours is an age of a knowledge explosion we Even if the SST is initially operated at one-is the part this workshop plays in the haven't learned to deal with. supersonic speeds only on overwater flights, community. It is not isolated. It is not off Knowledge keeps piling up on knowledge mounting economic pressures to expand the by itself, apart from the mainstream. It is to the point where we need computers just market for the plane will almost certainly re­ very much a part of Aiken's mainstream. to catalogue it. This growing mountain of sult in overland routes across the United The evidence is today's meeting-a "mix" of knowledge has forced us to become special­ States. Former Transportation Secretary Alan businessmen and professionals, of commu­ ists. We find we're spending all our time just Boyd has said: "I think it will be entirely nity leaders and workshop leaders. This is a keeping up with our own specialties, no possible to operate a route over the Plains "mix" that can only take place when a work­ matter what they might be. We find we don't area and possibly across the Canadian bor­ shop has earned the support of the commu­ have the time to lift our heads to see the der Without discomfort or inconvenience to nity. rest of the world. people on the ground. This kind of a "mix" holds out much hope, This age of specialization has led to an The operation of such a route would reduce not only for the handicapped of Aiken, but age of fragmentation. Very often we stop see­ the flying time between Chicago and San for all the handicapped of this country. Let ing whole people. We see parts of people, Francisco only about 30 minutes. If super­ me explain. relating to our own specialties. We tend to sonic flight on overland routes is not re­ For some time now, I have been worried de-humanize our fellow human beings. stricted, 150 SSTs may be in domestic opera­ about a slow-down in our communications Take the field of medicine. There are brain tion by 1990. Must 50 milllon people be sub­ with one another-with a growing series of specialists and eye specialists and nose spe­ short circuits in our lines of communica­ cialists and throat specialists and heart spe­ jected to perhaps 30 booms a day so that a tions. few can reduce their travel time by 30 cialists. You name it; there's a specialist minutes? Very often, government agencies seem to for it. While the abatement of much of the noise have trouble communicating with voluntary Or take the field of the handicapped. that presently plagues our society is in part agencies, even those performing simllar serv­ There are employment specialists who are a technical problem, both the impetus and ices. Sometimes this profession doesn't seem concerned only with the nine-to-five jobs of the money for solving it must come from the to be able to communicate with that profes­ the handicapped. And recreation specialists political arena, and the sonic boom problem sion. Sometimes labor can't communicate who are concerned with after-five-o'clock is entirely political. A quieter society Will with management. Sometimes management recreational needs of the handicapped. And only be achieved when a concerned public de­ can't communicate with labor. Sometimes prosthetic specialists more concerned with mands a new system of priorities from the professionals can't communicate With the a man's limbs than With his heart. politicians. community. Sometimes the community can't When we tend to fragment people in this communicate with the professionals. way, we tend to stop seeing them as whole And sometimes none of us seem to be able people. Instead, we see them as creatures to communicate With the handicapped them­ bearing the tags of "retarded" or "blind" COMMUNICATION WITH THE selves-to let them know about available or "crippled." It's easy to reject these tags. HANDICAPPED services, to give them courage. But it is not easy to reject those we get to As a result of this Tower of Babel, some­ know as total and complete human beings. times the handicapped get hurt. They don't And so, for the sake of human understand­ HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN know where to turn. They find people tug­ ing and human acceptance, somehow we've OF SOUTH CAROLINA ging at them in all different directions. They got to break out of our straitjacket of spe­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES find that very often nobody tugs at them at cialization. Somehow we've got to make a all; they end up as the Forgotten Men and complete turn-about, to begin seeing peo­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 Forgotten Women in a community filled with ple as they really are. We've got to do it for non-communicators, filled with the hot air the sake of the handicapped-and for our Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the Honor­ of thousands of words signifying nothing. own sakes. able Harold Russell, Chairman of the I realize that some speakers have a tend­ Buthow ...? President's Committee on Employment ency to "view with alarm," to paint black and We can do it by leaving our own sheltered of the Handicapped, delivered an out­ forboding pictures. I am not one of them. backyards and visiting other neighborhoods, standing address at Aiken, S.C. in my This slow-down in communication is really other worlds. We can do it by making a congressional district on . I com­ having an effect on the handicapped. If you conscious effort to communicate with one mend to the attention of my colleagues want evidence, let me cite an attitude survey another-labor With management; profes­ and to the American people the splendid of America, conducted by the well-known re­ sional with volunteer; young with old; all search firm of Roper Associates. They took a of us with the handicapped. and timely address of Mr. Russell: cross-section of a thousand American fami­ Communicate. Break out of our bonds. Lift ADDRESS OF HAROLD RUSSELL lies and probed their attitudes about the up our heads. Cross over the lines that It's a real pleasure for me to be here in mentally retarded, the blind and the crippled. separate us. Forget our specialties. Forget Aiken, for 8lt least hal! a dozen reasons. Listen to the results: the tags of disability we attach to people First, I just llke it here. I like your hospi­ Eighty-four percent of the families thought and, instead, see the people themselves, the tality. I like your gracious ways. I hope I'll that the retarded belonged in institutions or living people. have many occasions to come back. at best in sheltered workshops-but certainly That brings us to this Rehabilitation And second, I'm proud of South Carolina. not in the regular labor force along with other Workshop in Aiken--and to the entire shel­ Your State has the honor of being the first workers. tered workshop movement in America. State in the Union to pass a law eliminating Fifty-six percent thought the blind be­ We've all heard plenty of words spoken architectural barriers agadnst the handi­ longed in institutions or workshops, but not about the role of sheltered workshops in capped from all buildings constructed with in the labor force. this country-as a means of preparing the State funds. Sixty-four percent thought the crippled handicapped for outside employment; as a You started the bandwagon, and so far should be in institutions or workshops, but means of providing jobs for the handicapped more than forty other States have jumped not in the regular labor force. who cannot hope to compete in the outside August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2298f world; as a means of. evaluating the work and threatens the peace, security, and inde­ ethical concern and incredible callousness potential of the handicapped; as a means of pendence of the Free World, carrying out towards the enslaved, abandoned tO their providing rehabilitation and work condition­ subversive .conspiracies in Latin America, ordeal, ing and training, and all the rest. Africa, and even in our own country, con­ Be it further resolved, that the United But I see another role for workshops-a ducting open, aggressive warfare in South States government stop building up the com­ role that is admirably being filled by this Viet-Nam, neighboring countries of Laos, munist empire, particularly the Soviet mili­ Rehabilitation Workshop in Aiken. Cambodia, and Tbajjand, having made deep tary power by selling it important military It is the role of the .. Common Meeting inroads into the Arab countries, and build­ equipment, Ground.'' It is the role of a place wheTe di­ ing up its threatening military power in the Be it further resolved, that the United verse Interests, diverse forces, diverse peo­ area of the Mediterranean; States government stop trading with the ple, can meet. It is the place where business­ Now, on the occasion of the lOth anniver­ communist countries because in so doing, it men can rub shoulders with rehabilitation sary of the Proclamation of Captive Nations helps them to tighten their grip on the en­ people; where volunteers can .rub shoulders Week, we feel a particular urgency and a slaved; whatever ls gained at great risk by with professionals; where an sorts of groups sacred obligation to speak on behalf of the the desperate, enslaved men and women can come to escape their specializations, and millions of human beings under the tyranny through sabotaging Soviet economy is com­ mix with others. of the communist colonial empire. pletely destroyed through trading, Most important, it is the place where all Therefore, be it resolved by the Chicago Be it further resolved, to appeal to the segments of the community can come to see Captive Nations Week Committee, to urge United States authorities to undertake ut­ handicapped fellow-citizens as they really the United States to assume the role of lead­ most efforts in the interest of the sacred are-men and women, with human hopes ership by taking a course motivated by the values in cultural, social, and educational in­ and human aspirations and human abilities. most sacred human obligations; the horrible stitutions so vital for the preservation of It is the place where the handicapped can fact that one-third of mankind is already freedom. It is appalling to see how free men shed the "tags" that set them apart, and enslaved by the communist imperialism ne­ let themselves be used in the portrayal of reveal themselves as our brothers and our cessitates a new policy which would encour­ anarchism, nihilism, defeatism, amoralism, sisters. age the aspirations and movements for pacifism, and atheism in the service of the Workshops can serve as great forces for national self-determination of all enslaved blood-stained .Red Empire, human understanding in this country. And peoples by an expressed and unequivocal Be it further resolved, that this Committee this Rehabilitation Workshop, with its em­ commitment of the United States of Amer­ reiterates its support for the establishment phasis on reaching deep into the community, ica to support, by all means possible, such of the permanent captive Nations Committee can point the way. aspirations for national freedom; (House Resolution 211) and Freedom Acad­ And the results . . . ? Be it further resolved, that in view of the emy; there is a desperate need for a forum in The results will be a new day dawning for indivisibility of freedom and peace, the res­ which the free world would have confidence; the handicapped-a day when they will be torat ion of the sacred rights of all the na­ the U.N. has failed to be such a forum to accorded the treatment they really want. tions based on principles of democracy, self­ handle the issues of injustice and crimes You see, the handicapped don't want to be determination and sovereignty within their against humanity; the recent appeal of 54 treated as "different." They don't want to be respective ethnic boundaries, is of paramount citizens of the USSR which has been ignored shunted to the sidelines because of "differ­ importance to establish freedom, security, up to this day speaks for i t.self; the Unesco's ence." Neither do they want special privi­ and stability of the entire world. Conse­ decision to commemorate the centenary of leges because of "difference." quently this policy is in the best interest of Lenin by peddling this criminal as a human­ They want to be treated as people-purely our country for the present and in years to ist is an insult to the civilized world com­ and simply as people. They want the chance come, munity and reveals the real interests of this to rise or fall on their own merits. They Be it further resolved, that we at this very organization; by the establishment of a trust­ want the chance to prove themselves-a critical and perhaps fatal moment for the worthy forum, the United States will prove chance that should be a birthright of all entire free world support unreservedly the to the entire world that it will not cease in Americans. They want the chance to be United States' resistance to Communist ag­ its efforts until 11.11 the Captive Nations are looked upon not as "retardates," not as "the gression in South Viet-Nam and the build­ able to enjoy their God-given rights in their blind," not as "crippled"-but as people. ing up of forces of freedom in that part of sovereign states. What a beautiful word: people. the front of the free world; in this spirit we This is our goal, here in Aiken, and in salute the members of the United States and cities and towns all over America. It is our Allied Armed Forces. goal, not only for the handicapped but for Be it further resolved, that following the WITH BARE HANDS? all human beings. It is the goal of the anniversary year of the Proclamation of Hu­ equality of all mankind-the goal expressed man Rights and in view of the flagrant viola­ so well in a certain document in the Archives tions of these same rights by the Soviet HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Building in Washington, which says that all Union through the suppression and occupa­ men are entitled to certain unalienable tion of Czechoslovakia during that very OF PENNSYLVANIA. rights, among these being the right to life, year, the United States Ambassador to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES liberty and the pursuit of happiness. United Nations place on the agenda of the Thursday, August 7, 1969 All men. The handicapped, too. United Nations the following demands: 1. the abolishment of slave labor, mass de­ Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, the rec­ portations, all concentration camps, and all ommendation of the President's Violence forms of genocide, Commission to remove more than 90 per­ CAPTIVE NATIONS RESOLUTION 2. to guarantee a free return to their coun­ cent of the 24 million handguns from tries all the deported and exiled who survived private citizens has generated a new the communist ordeal, 3. free elections for all enslaved nations wave of concern across the country. HON. JOHN R. RARICK under the supervision of the United Nations In a recent editorial from the McKees­ OF LOUISIANA Organization, port Daily News, John Orr raises some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Be it further resolved, that we oppose the very pointed and thought-provoking admission of the Chinese Communist regime questions on this issue. Thursday, August 7, 1969 to the United Nations Organization; I invite the attention of my colleagues Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, during Be it further resolved, that we oppose to the editorial and submit it for the Captive Nations Week, the Chicago Cap­ ..One-way Bridges" and the opening of a Rus­ sian Consulate in Chicago; RECORD at this time. tive Nations Committee adopted a reso­ Be it further resolved, that since every na­ The editorial follows: lution, which I feel should be of pro­ tion has the right for self-determination this WITH BARE HANDS? found interest to our colleagues. right belongs also to the Biafras; in the name Should the American be deprived of the Mr. Speaker, I insert the resolution of of humanity we most urgently appeal to the means of defending his home and family? the Chicago Captive Nations Committee United States government to help the su:fl'er­ This is the big question raised by Chair­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-the offi­ ing and starving human beings being mur­ man Milton Eisenhower and the National Cial proceedings of the U.S. Congress­ dered in masses by the Nigerian aggressors, Commission on the Causes and Prevention of at this point: armed by the Russian barbarians and the Violence in the report made public this week. British labor government. The commission claims a "domestic arms RESOLUTION, JULY 19, 1969 Be it further resolved, that special efforts race" has turned many homes into arsenals Whereas, the Senate and the House of must be made by the United States towards and created a situation so dangerous that Representatives have authorized the Presi­ an awakening and strengthening of all moral governmental action is necessary. It esti­ dent of the United States of America to pro­ forces, particularly at a time when we are mates that 24 million pistols now are in pri­ claim a Captive Nations Week, and whereas warned by the burning martyrs in the inter­ vate hands. the Russian and Chinese communism con­ est of freedom; it is frightening that at this In order to Dleet this problem, the com­ tinues to build up its vast colonial empire time we are faced by an unparalleled loss of mission woUld have the government make 22982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 7, 19ti9 possession of such weapons illegal and spend adjourns for its summer recess, and when A Georgetown University Jaw student h'as a half billion dollars in claiming them. The the lawmakers reconvene Sept. 3 it wil be been unable to obtain a loan ·from a Mary­ states ought to be prodded to act, the com­ too late to provide much help for student land bank which lias lent him money for the mission says and, if they fail to do so, then loan applicants. past two years; a George Washington Uni- Uncle Sam should step in. By that time, college registration will have versity senior from Costa Mesa, Calif., has But are pistols in the homes of law-abiding begun, and tens of thousands of marginally been getting the runaround from a bank he citizens the real problem concerning vio­ affiuent college hopefuls will find their edu- has borrowed from for three years and his lence? Or is the problem in the lawlessness cational experience limited to a lesson in the father has dealt with for 25; a Casper, Wyo., that has made many people afraid even in politics of economics. man accepted by GW law school was told the their own households and induced' them to The situation in the Washington area is state was unable to guarantee his loan. arm themselves? The Eisenhower commission indicative of the overall problem. The Dis- Col. Tom W. Sills, director of student aid would better hav<. served the nation if it trict government has a record amount avail- at American University, says the situation is had concentrated its attention on what has able for guaranteed loans this year, but fears the worst he's seen in his seven years at AU. made so many citizens want guns. the ever-increasing number of college stu- William Patterson, Sills' counterpart at GW, The commissioners should know that any dents will overwhelm the fund. Maryland is says simply, "Things are real tough." law restricting the possession of firearms barely holding its head above water. It must The universities say the general loan situ­ operates against the decent, well-behaved make special payments to banks for each ation in the District, Maryland Mld Virginia person and in favor of the lawbreaker. The student loan. Virginia students are having a is "fair to poor," although the loan directors criminal will not obey a gun law anymore particularly rough time obtaining loans. of the three jurisdictions minimize the than he obeys other laws and, therefore, he The crisis was triggered by the rise in the difficulties. will end up armed with his law-abiding and prime interest rate, the interest banks charge Robert A. McCormick, director of the Dis- thus gunless victim placed more at his their best customers. trict Loan Insurance Program, says a record mercy. Every state, and the District, has a system $2.4 million is available this year for guar­ Violence in our country is not the result for guaranteeing loans to students. In some anteed loans, but he still fears demand may of the good citizen having a handgun in his cases the state guarantees the loan, in others exceed supply. home. It is the result, instead, of a combina­ the federal government insures the loans, The District program was begun during the tion of governmental faults ranging from of­ and in still others, a private organization 1967-68 school year, and 1550 loans for a ficial paralysis in the presence of rioting to called the United Student Aid Fund makes total of $1.7 million have been made since. the coddling court decisions which have the guarantee under contract with the These 1550 students represent 99 percent of hampered the pollee. state. eligible applicants, he says. The Eisenhower probers should have got­ Lending institutions contend that they The District is unique in having a pool ten at the heart of the matter instead of make less money with their money if they of money, contributed by local banks and subscribing to that questionable proposal of lend it to students, because of high handling disbursed directly by the loan office. In ef­ the extreme leftwingers that the people costs. But because the guarantee system as- feet, each bank holds a piece of each loan. should be disarmed, an idea that is being sures them of getting their money back, even Originally, 12 of the city's 14 banks par­ pushed at every opportunity here M it was if the student defaults or dies, the institu- ticipated, but two have recently dropped out. pushed in Nazi Germany and Communist tions are willing, in their words, to "per- To make matters worse, McCormick com­ Russia when the dictators took over. Why form this public service." plains, none of the city's savings and loan do millions of Americans now believe they They do insist on breaking even, however, companies will participate in the pool, even need a gun in their homes? What has scared and this is a major factor in the crisis. The though all are authorized by law to do so. them? The Eisenhower report evades these amended federal Higher Education Act of Maryland, according to James Leamer, ex- questions in order to come down hard on 1965 cannot guarantee a loan over 7 percent ecutive director of the Maryland Higher Ed­ the side of the gun controllers. lnterest, and the prime rate is currently at ucation Loan Corp., has been able to hang We quote one part of the report: 8% percent. on because of a special provision, enacted "At least in major metropolitan areas, the The result: Lending institutions are the first of last month, which allows the federal system should not consider normal claiming they cannot afford to lend money at state to pay a $25 "incentive" fee to banks household self-protectiox: a sufficient show­ 7 percent, guaranteed or not, and young that agree to make loans. ing of need to have a handgun." applicants are receiving rejection notices in- "This is the only reason we're holding our What, indeed, would constitute a greater stead of money. heads above water," Leamer says. "We're "showing of need" than the safety of a per­ Congress is debating remedies to the situa- still going to see what crunch develops about son's household? Would Mr. Eisenhower and tion. But observers are afraid that all man- the middle of this month." his colleagues have an American stand help­ ner of outside factors-student unrest, fiscal Virginia is another story. GW's Patterson less at his doorstep? Would they have him economy, spending priorities, federal subsi- labels the state "simply terrible." Charles sacrifice rather than defend his family in dies to banks and the like-will be brought Hill, director of the Virginia State Educa­ case of danger? Or would they expect him into the argument, and nobody sees much tiona! Assistance Authority, is a little less to meet with bare hands an attack by armed chance of legislative relief before the recess. harsh, but not much. intruders? Their report makes you wonder. It is difficult at present to measure the full "Our lenders are being selective, no doubt impact of the crisis. since many students are about it," Hill says. "There's continued still in the process of applying for loans. But (bank) activity, but not at the level we'd things are already beginning to look bleak. like." THE COLLEGE LOAN CRISIS The National Council of Higher Education Hill says all Virginia banks for the last Loan Programs estimates that between two years have restricted loans to students 150,000 and 200,000 students will be unable to whose families are already customers. ·In obtain loans if the government does not aot addition, the state's banks grant loans only HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM promptly. to students attending school in Virginia, OF NEW YORK This is not necessarily an accurate measure The scramble for guaranteed loans has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of how many will be denied college, since been increased by a shortage of money avail­ many of these students can be expected to able for National Defense Education Assist­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 obtain aid elsewhere or squeeze through on a ance loans. NDEA money, which is aimed at Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker, I read reduced budget. low-income students, is allotted to individu- Nonetheless, things are at a critical point. al colleges after state finance experts de­ the following article in the August 4, Allen Vanderstaay, assistant director of the termine how much each college in their 1969, edition of the Washington Evening division of student finance for the Depart- state needs. Star. I think it is of extreme importance ment of Health, Education and Welfare, says Statistics tell the NDEA story. During the to all of us who are interested in higher banks all around the country are tightening 1968-69 school year, the states requested a education and in the crisis on the college their loan policies. total of $247 million in NDEA money. The campuses today. I insert it in the RECORD This is taking two major forms, he says: government appropriated $190 million. at this point: Some banks are not granting loans to new For the coming year, the states have re­ borrowers,· which means incoming freshmen quested $273 million. The outgoing Johnson COLLEGE LOAN CRISIS AT HAND, ACTION LA~S are bearing the brunt of the loan cutdown. Administration budgeted far less than this, (By Barry Kalb) And some banks are ·granting loans ·only to and the Nixon Administration reduced John­ The impending crisis in the higher educa­ students whose parents have had long- son's figure even more-to $1:55 million. The tion loan situation contains all the elements standtng accounts. House on Wednesday raised this figure by for magnificent congressional '

- - August 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22985 controlled, it will continue to be, won't it? things I would have said to them in the fusal to acknowledge the facts about smok­ In other words, if the Indian children of this future, but now couldn't. ing, we must consider fresh ways to effect country are going to be educated pursuant My weight dropped 60 pounds from 198 his rehabilitation. Coupled with this effort to the notions of the current white power to 138. It was decided to try daily maximum­ must be a. program of prevention for those structure that controls Washington, you are dosage radiation treatment but it was es­ who are about to begin smoking. going to have winds of change for the next sentially a token effort because neither the Where do we begin with rehabilitation? century.... doctors nor I held out much hope. But the Of the 200,000,000 Americans now alive, 70,- "No other parents have that problem. If weeks mysteriously stretched into months 000,000 smoke regularly; some are heavy you told the school district where I was edu­ and then, quite unexpectedly-some said smokers, others light smokers. But I think ca.ted that we had to have a handy-dandy miraculously-the radiation therapy seemed the numbers are so formidable that for the new national policy which was going to be to show results. And then, complete re­ time being, at least, we will almost have controlled from Washington, complete in covery-which still ba.1Hes the specialists who to write off the heavy smokers. When I was every detail-hiring, firing, curriculum and had all but written me off. Although my in a cancer ward I saw men whose mouth, the rest--and that the budget bureau in cancer was a.bdoxnina.l and probably had no cheeks, tongue, larynx and esophagus had Washington was going to deter_mine through cause-and-effect relationship with the pack been cut away surgically because of cancer some unknown bureaucrat the nature of our or more of ciga.rets I had been smoking every caused by smoking. A few were still smoking, education, you would have a. revolution, you day, I promptly gave them up, for I had now holding the cigaret to the hole that led into would. have a war, and I think it would be a seen firsthand the pathetic effects of tobacco their windpipe! justified one. Yet, this has been going on on the human body. But with the light smoker there could still for a century in Indian education." The first reaction most people have to be hope. By the logical route, we must con­ being told they are going to die of cancer tinue to barrage him with statistical evidence is usually "Why me?" And if the patient that smoking causes cancer and other illness A CANCER SURVIVOR'S WARNING dies, the question, unanswered, is buried until he recognizes the inevitability of the with him. If he recovers, the rhetorical ques­ proof. By the emotional route we must find tion gradually fades a.wa.y. But in my case, appropriate psychological means of tapping HON. JOHN W. WYDLER the question persisted. "Why me?" And to those human drives, wants and insecurities OF NEW YORK it was added another: "Why was I allowed to which prompt many to smoke, not to smoke recover?" I a.m not ashamed to admit that or at least not to smoke too much. We must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I sincerely feel I was stricken and then spared seek ways to make the ashtray as obsolete­ Thursday, August 7, 1969 for a. reason. And so I have dedicated my and its use so aesthetically repulsive--