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Graeme Goldsworthy Christ-Centered Biblical !eology HERMENEUTICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions ChrCenter swapped pages.indd 3 2/24/12 9:45 AM InterVarsity Press P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426 Internet: www.ivpress.com E-mail: [email protected] © Graeme Goldsworthy, 2012 Published in the United States of America by InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, with permission from Inter-Varsity Press, Nottingham, England. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press. InterVarsity Press® is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA®, a movement of students and faculty active on campus at hundreds of universities, colleges and schools of nursing in the United States of America, and a member movement of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. For information about local and regional activities, write Public Relations Dept., InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA, 6400 Schroeder Rd., P.O. Box 7895, Madison, WI 53707-7895, or visit the IVCF website at <www.intervarsity.org>. Scripture quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from !e Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Cover design: Cindy Kiple Image: Alfredo Dagli Orti / !e Art Archive at Art Resource, NY ISBN 978-0-8308-3969-8 Printed in the United States of America ∞ InterVarsity Press is committed to protecting the environment and to the responsible use of natural resources. As a member of Green Press Initiative we use recycled paper whenever possible. To learn more about the Green Press Initiative, visit <www.greenpressinitiative.org>. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Goldsworthy, Graeme. Christ-centered biblical theology: hermeneutical foundations and principles / Graeme Goldsworthy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8308-3969-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Bible—!eology. I. Title. BS543.G66 2012 230’.041—dc23 2012000256 P 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Y 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions ChrCenter swapped p1-4.indd 4 2/24/12 12:13 PM This book is dedicated as a tribute to Donald Robinson I wish to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to Donald William Bradley Robinson who, though being a leading Australian New Testament scholar, lectured me in Old Testament when I was a student at Moore Theological College. This book is my attempt to spell out the rationale for the method of biblical theology that Robinson taught me, which galvanized my enthusiasm for the subject. It is my tribute to him and his tireless endeavours to make the Bible more accessible to generations of students and, through them, to ordin- ary Christians. It is impossible to say how my thinking and practice in biblical theology would have developed if Donald Robinson had not been my teacher. But this I do believe: a great debt is owed to him for the considerable infl u- ence on many Christians that has resulted from his teaching and writing, and from that of some of his former students. The Robinson schema has not only found much acceptance here in Australia, but also in the UK, USA, Europe and in churches in Asia and Latin America. Donald William Bradley Robinson Born in Sydney !"## Graduated BA University of Sydney !"$% University of Cambridge !"$&–'( Ordination by Archbishop of Sydney !"'( Lecturer, Moore College !"'#–&) Vice Principal, Moore College !"'"–&) Bishop of Parramatta !"&)–*# Archbishop of Sydney !"*#–") Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 5 02/12/2011 09:51 CONTENTS Figures and tables !! Preface !) Abbreviations !& !. Biblical theology: lame duck or eagles’ wings? !" Confessions of a biblical theology addict !" The big questions about the big picture #) The Robinson–Hebert schema #$ The role of Genesis ! – !! #& The question of reductionism #* Why is biblical theology so neglected? )) #. Evangelical defi nitions and presuppositions $% Tentative steps towards a defi nition of biblical theology )* Evangelical theological presuppositions in biblical theology $# Evangelical hermeneutical presuppositions in biblical theology $" $. Salvation and history &' The idea of salvation history '% The biblical history as salvation history %! Salvation history within Scripture: Old Testament %% Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 7 02/12/2011 09:51 * +,-./0- +120-13 4.45.+65 0,175789 Salvation history within Scripture: New Testament &( Conclusions &$ (. Evangelical practice )' The lack of consensus among evangelicals &% The shaping of a biblical theologian: my debt to Donald Robinson && Some leading evangelical biblical theologians *( Conclusions "* &. Multiplex biblical theology !** The problem of unity and diversity in method !(( Proponents of the multiplex approach !(! Conclusions !(" '. Letting the Old Testament speak I: biblical history !!! What kind of epoch? !!! The main foci in Old Testament history !!$ Conclusions !)# ). Letting the Old Testament speak II: prophetic eschatology !$$ The pattern of prophetic eschatology !)) The canonical shape !)' The main foci in prophetic eschatology !)% Conclusions !$* %. Letting the New Testament speak !&* Is the New Testament normative in the interpretation of the Old Testament? !'( Does the New Testament exhibit a structure of revelation? !'# The Abraham–David/Solomon axis and the fulfi lment of prophecy !%' A comparison of approaches !%& ". Typology !)* Robinson’s typology !&( Approaches to typology !&$ Some issues in the debate !*) Macro-typology !*$ Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 8 02/12/2011 09:51 +720120/ " !*. The Robinson legacy !"* Robinson’s typology and method in biblical theology !"( Israel and the church #(! Eschatology #(% Baptism #(* Assessment #!) !!. How to do biblical theology #!& Is there a future for biblical theology? #!' Possibilities for biblical theology #!& Epilogue ##& Bibliography #$* Index of subjects #)" Index of names #$) Index of Scripture references #$% Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 9 02/12/2011 09:51 FIGURES AND TABLES Figures ! The basic biblical timeline #% # The structure of revelation #% ) Outline of Old Testament history %$ $ The biblical view of pre-Fall reality !** ' The biblical view of all things summed up in Christ !** % A thematic approach to biblical theology – the temple ##( & A thematic approach to biblical theology – prayer ### Tables ! The content of the three-stage structure of revelation #& # The biblical narrative %# ) Prophetic eschatology and the recapitulation of history !$* Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 11 02/12/2011 09:51 PREFACE I have written this book, and write this preface, refl ecting on my heritage in evangelical Anglicanism, which began in Australia with the arrival of the fi rst fl eet at Sydney Cove on #% January !&**. With it came an evangelical minister of the Church of England as Chaplain, Richard Johnson. He preached the fi rst Christian sermon in Australia on ) February of the same year.1 A monument in the Sydney central business district marks the place and commemorates the date of this sermon and the preacher’s text: Psalm !!%:!#. Johnson was suc- ceeded by another evangelical chaplain, Samuel Marsden. In !&"# a devoutly evangelical layman, Thomas Moore, arrived on board the ship Britannia as its carpenter.2 In !&"% he became the o: cial Boat Builder of the Colony of New South Wales, and later went on to establish a prosperous pastoral venture !. Johnson’s successors were o: cially under the oversight of the Bishop of Calcutta from !*#' until !*)'. In that year Australia was removed from this oversight and the Diocese of Australia was formed with William Grant Broughton as its fi rst, and only, bishop. During Broughton’s episcopate, Australia was divided into four dioceses in !*$& and Broughton became the fi rst Bishop of Sydney. #. Much of the historical detail here pertaining to Moore comes from Peter G. Bolt, Thomas Moore of Liverpool: One of Our Oldest Colonists, Studies in Australian Colonial History ! (Camperdown, NSW: Bolt Publishing Services, #((&). Copyrighted Material - www.ivpress.com/permissions GOLDSWORTHY 9781844745623 PRINT.indd 13 02/12/2011 09:51 !$ +,-./0- +120-13 4.45.+65 0,175789 at Liverpool, #( miles south-west of Sydney. When Moore died in !*$( his will directed that his considerable wealth should benefi t the church in the colony.3 Specifi cally he directed that a substantial amount should be used to establish a college ‘for the education of young men of the Protestant persua- sion in the principles of Christian Knowledge’. In !*'% the second bishop of Sydney, Frederic Barker, applied Moore’s will to establish a theological college at the Moore property in Liverpool. Moore College, one of the oldest tertiary institutions in Australia, began with three students and, at the time of writing, had increased one hundredfold. In !*"! it moved to premises adja- cent to the University of Sydney in the inner suburb of Newtown. Barker was a convinced evangelical who had been greatly infl uenced by Charles Simeon during his time in Cambridge. The development of evangelical Christianity in Sydney was not