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National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form

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National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form 0MB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior * National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete tho Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. X_ New Submission __ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ~ Animas Phase Sites in Hidalgo County> New Mexico B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) C. Form Prepared by name/title Meliha S. Duran organization __________________________________ date July 1992_____ street & number 3201 Linden Ave._____________________ telephone (505) 526-5152 city or town Las Cruces__________ state NM__________ zip code 88005______ D. Certification As the designated authority under the Natiohal Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. (D See continuation sheet for additional comments.) ^^ ^^<^ C^J_____________________ _ .Signature and title of certifying official Date State or Federal agency and bureau I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of/the Keeper Date of Action Name of Property: Animas Phase Sites County and State: Hidalgo, New Mexico NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number: Section E Page: 1 E. Statement of Historic Context This multiple-property National Register nomination is entitled "Animas phase sites of Southern Hidalgo County, New Mexico." Accompanying this nomination are nomination forms for 25 sites that !l^jjjjjjjjjjjjj^^ are assigneci to the Animas phase (a ipueblo occupation),i wRicrniasDeenaated_ between A.D. 1200 and 1350,* althoughu most of the sites have earlier and later components. These dates are based on ceramic types from dated contexts at sites in adjacent culture areas and on a few dates from Animas sites. The sites as a group represent the Animas phase occupation of (Figure 1). The Animas phase appears to be related to an extensive, highly developed! excavated to a limited extent; those have yielded important archaeological data but have not answered all of the questions concerning the prehistory of the area. Potential Kinds of Data Architecture Intrasite patterning of Animas phase architecture varies from rooms organized around plazas to small, isolated field houses. In nearby culture areas, contemporaneous sites tend to be small room blocks during the earlier occupation and large room blocks surrounding enclosed plazas during the later occupation. In the Animas area, temporal control is not good enough to determine the factors that controlled site configuration. Large multiroom pueblos with compounds were constructed of adobe with some cobbles incorporated into the foundation. Pueblos were generally U shaped or entirely enclosed a plaza. Smaller villages or hamlets have contiguous and/or noncontiguous rooms with cobble foundations. Isolated field houses are cobblestone foundations that supported jacal or wattle-and-daub superstructures. Up to 250 rooms may be present at some of the larger pueblos. Mound relief and the types of cobble foundations indicate that most of the structures were probably a single story in height, although multistoried buildings are common in that part of the American Southwest and at Casas Grandes. At some of the larger sites, plazas are incorporated into the village plan, and possible ball courts, a common feature of Casas Grandes sites, have been recorded. A possible reservoir was noted at one large site, and small water-control features may exist. The density of the artifact scatters and trash on the sites is highly variable. Name of Property: Animas Phase Sites County and State: Hidalgo, New Mexico NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number: Section E Page: 2 Architectural style has the potential to yield cultural information and potentially to allow definition of a separate Salado phase in this area. Room size and configuration and internal and external space allocation (use areas) have the potential to yield social information on the inhabitants. Artifacts One of the primary diagnostic ceramic wares associated with sites of the Animas phase is Cloverdale Corrugated. Also commonly found on these sites is a series of Chihuahua (Casas Grandes) wares, including the Playas Red series, Ramos Polychrome, Babicora Polychrome, and Villa Ahumada Polychrome. (Playas Red and Playas Red Incised may be local variants of Casas Grandes wares.) El Paso Polychrome and Chupadero Black-on-white from the south-central New Mexico area are also common types associated with these sites. Other wares found on some of these sites suggest that multiple occupations occurred, both earlier than and later than the Animas occupation (approximately A.D. 1200 to 1350). Earlier wares include Mimbres Black-on-white, which is associated with the earlier San Luis and Mimbres phases. Later ceramics are Gila Polychrome and Tucson Polychrome, which may indicate a Salado reoccupation of some sites or the continued occupation of these sites into the latter half of the fourteenth century. Plain wares, unnamed corrugated wares, and red wares are also common during all three occupations. In addition to the architectural features and associated artifact scatters and trash deposits of the Animas phase, sites include lovv-density lithic artifact scatters of uncertain age. These lithic scatters lack temporally diagnostic artifacts and merge with ceramic scatters on the sites. Clear boundaries could not be defined that delimited materials only of the Animas phase, and it is possible that the lithic scatters may have some pertinence to the Animas phase occupations of these sites. Further evidence of mixing is indicated by pithouses, possible surface structures, and ceramic scatters of earlier components that are overlain or mixed with features and artifacts of the Animas and possibly the Salado phases. Chipped stone implements and debris were made from cherts, chalcedony, rhyolite, and obsidian, all apparently locally available. Several chalcedony outcrops were record* ——.... ..———| WWW M>|» .^. lwl«M*«n*NS^gpBg^HHp^^» linn • • —————•—***^—————— •• ——————— -^Vi^M Obsidian from this source occurs on many Animas phase sites and has been successfully dated (DeAtley 1980:74-80). Chipped stone tools include projectile points, scrapers, drills, and bifaces. Turquoise, which may have come from,ftl4BBHHBBBHnV has also been found on some of these sites. Ground stone includes manos, metates, mortars, and pestles made of basalt, welded tuff, and granitic materials. Name of Property: Animas Phase Sites County and State: Hidalgo, New Mexico NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number: Section E Page: 3 Other Remains All of the sites have the potential to yield archaeological samples that would provide additional information on the prehistoric occupation, on the temporal affiliation, and the cultural ties to other areas in the American Southwest and northern Mexico, etc. Specifically, many of the sites provide evidence of charcoal in exposed deposits and darkened soils. These could provide radiocarbon dates and charred plant parts to indicate past climate, diet, and possibly resources that were traded. Most of the interior architectural features have the potential for preserved hearths, which were often elaborately prepared in Animas and Salado phase houses. These can provide archaeomagnetic dates, as demonstrated by recent dates derived from the Joyce Well Site. Other types of samples, such as obsidian, turquoise, possibly parrot bones or feathers, copper bells, etc., provide the important link to the Casas Grandes culture and demonstrate resource procurement areas and trade networks, as DiPeso (1974) postulated for much of the American Southwest. Burials have been excavated from Animas phase habitation sites; these have the potential to yield information on burial practices, nutrition and disease, population characteristics, and other subjects. Previous Work A number of earlier cultural resource inventories have been conducted in the Animas area. The earliest of these inventories were undertaken in the 1920s and 1930s by C. Sauer and Donald D. Brand (1930), Brand (1943), Alfred V. Kidder and H. S. and C. B. Cosgrove (1949), and E. B. Sayles (1933). Herbert Yeo (1930) visited the Pendleton
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