An Assessment of Community Impact of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program
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University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Philadelphia Mural Arts Program Community Impact Assessment—2003 Social Impact of the Arts Project 4-2003 An Assessment of Community Impact of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program Mark J. Stern University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Susan C. Seifert University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/siap_mural_arts Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Stern, Mark J. and Seifert, Susan C., "An Assessment of Community Impact of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program" (2003). Philadelphia Mural Arts Program Community Impact Assessment—2003. 1. https://repository.upenn.edu/siap_mural_arts/1 The Ford Foundation awarded a business-planning grant to the Mural Arts Program in 1999 that provided support for the impact evaluation, which MAP launched in late summer 2000. To undertake the study, SIAP relied on a working partnership with core MAP staff over a two-year period. SIAP also collaborated with University of Pennsylvania colleagues on the MAP study. The Program for the Study of Organized Religion and Social Work at Penn School of Social Work inspired development of the MAP community leveraging model. Penn's Cartographic Modeling Lab provided data from its Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System and worked with SIAP on comparative impact analyses of community murals. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/siap_mural_arts/1 For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Assessment of Community Impact of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program Abstract This 2003 report is a first assessment of community impact of the City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program since its start in 1984 under the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network. The study, undertaken from 2000 to 2002, incorporated a variety of methods. SIAP developed a geographic database on the location of murals to assess whether their density was related to other characteristics of a neighborhood. The team also developed a detailed mural production database to examine the nature of community involvement in MAP's process. Finally, the team employed a “community leveraging" model, based on a method developed by Penn’s Program for the Study of Organized Religion and Social Work, to estimate voluntary and in-kind contributions to mural production. The report concludes with a set of organizational and programmatic recommendations intended to maximize the potential of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program to mobilize resources and build connections among the city's neighborhoods, its young people, and its artists. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Civic and Community Engagement | Public Policy | Urban Studies and Planning Comments The Ford Foundation awarded a business-planning grant to the Mural Arts Program in 1999 that provided support for the impact evaluation, which MAP launched in late summer 2000. To undertake the study, SIAP relied on a working partnership with core MAP staff over a two-year period. SIAP also collaborated with University of Pennsylvania colleagues on the MAP study. The Program for the Study of Organized Religion and Social Work at Penn School of Social Work inspired development of the MAP community leveraging model. Penn's Cartographic Modeling Lab provided data from its Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System and worked with SIAP on comparative impact analyses of community murals. This research report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/siap_mural_arts/1 SIAP Social Impact of the Arts Project ____________________ University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work www.ssw.upenn.edu/SIAP An Assessment of Community Impact of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation Mural Arts Program FINAL REPORT October 2002 (Revised April 2003) prepared by Mark J. Stern and Susan C. Seifert Social Impact of the Arts Project University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3701 Locust Walk. Philadelphia, PA 19104-6214. Tel (215) 573-7270. Fax (215) 573-2099 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables i List of Figures ii Acknowledgments iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Measuring the Community Impacts of Murals 6 3 Tracking Community Mural Making—Case Study 2001 24 4 Estimating the Community Contribution to Murals—Community Leveraging 49 5 Findings and Recommendations 62 Appendices 1 Mural Arts Program’s Open Letter to the Philadelphia Community from Jane Golden, Director, January 2002 MAP guidelines about “How to Request a Mural” and application packet, MAP website, March 2003 2 Mural Arts After-School Program, Big Picture pre-registration form, MAP website, March 2003 i LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Number of murals by neighborhood, 1984-2001 (after page 12) Table 2.2 Number of block groups with a mural, 1984-1994, by level of social disadvantage 18 Table 2.3. Regression analysis, change in property values, 1995-2000 21 Table 3.1. MAP Case Study 2001, community mural database 27-28 Table 3.2. MAP Case Study 2001, mural projects by neighborhood 37 Table 3.3. MAP Case Study 2001, community mural process 40-41 Table 3.4. Big Picture Program sites, 2000-01, by location and neighborhood 46 Table 3.5. Big Picture Program, 2000-01, number of students by site and season 47 Table 4.1. MAP community leveraging model: methodology and assumptions 59 Table 4.2. MAP community leveraging model: findings 2001 60 Table 4.3. City leveraging rate: estimated community contribution to murals leveraged by City investment 61 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Mural Arts Program—Mission and Goals 3 Figure 2.1. Murals by year painted and ethnic composition of block group, Philadelphia 11 Figure 2.2. Number of murals, 1984-1994, by social disadvantage of block group, Philadelphia 12 Figure 2.3. Average number of murals, 1984-1994, in block group by economic status of block group, Philadelphia 13 Figure 2.4 Average number of murals, 1984-1994, in block group by ethnic composition of block group, Philadelphia 14 Figure 2.5. Average number of murals, 1984-1994, per block group by cultural providers per capita, Philadelphia 15 Figure 2.6. Average number of murals, 1984-1994, in block group by number of social organizations per capita, Philadelphia 16 Figure 2.7. Location of murals, 1984-1994, by regional cultural participation rate, Philadelphia 17 Figure 3.1. MAP Case Study 2001, Project Notebook—Mural Checklist 26 Figure 3.2. Big Picture Program, 2000-01, sites and students 45 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the foresight of Jane Golden Heriza, Mural Arts Program Founder and Director, and the initiative of Sarah Katz, former MAP administrator, in identifying the need and seeking support for an impact evaluation in the early months of 1999. The Ford Foundation awarded a business-planning grant to the Mural Arts Program that provided support for the study. The assessment of community impact of the Mural Arts Program involved a working partnership between MAP staff and the Social Impact of the Arts Project for more than two years. Several staff were particularly helpful during the reconnaissance phase of the project: L. Dietrich Adonis, Assistant Artistic Director; Cindy Burstein, former Office Manager; and Jocelyn Jones, former Assistant Director of Programs. Edward J. Fagan, Jr., Development Coordinator of the Philadelphia Department of Recreation, also assisted us during the start-up phase of the project. During the data collection phase of the study, Kevin Gardner, MAP’s central database manager, served as staff and data liaison with SIAP. Ariel Bierbaum, the first Mural Project Coordinator, was instrumental to the community mural data-gathering pilot that we call MAP Case Study 2001. Sarah Moyer served as art education liaison, maintained all Big Picture database files, and provided SIAP with 2000-2001 program data. Shari Hersh and Cathleen Hughes, art education staff and curriculum designers, were helpful through informal discussions of the qualitative aspects of youth and community mural programs. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the contributions of our colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania. We thank Dr. Ram A. Cnaan of the School of Social Work for generously sharing the findings and methodology of the Program for the Study of Organized Religion and Social Work, which inspired development of the MAP community leveraging model. Penn’s Cartographic Modeling Lab provided data from its Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System and collaborated with SIAP on an analysis of neighborhood impacts of community murals. In particular, we want to thank CML staff with whom we worked directly: Dennis Culhane, Co-Director; M.L. Wernecke, Managing Director; and GIS staff Stephen Meyer. 1 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION This report represents a first attempt to assess the impact of the City of Philadelphia’s mural program on the city’s neighborhoods. It grows out of the changing character of the Mural Arts Program since its move in 1996 from the Office of the Mayor of Philadelphia to the Philadelphia Department of Recreation. The program began in 1984 under the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network launched by Mayor Wilson Goode. Through the initiative of muralist Jane Golden and the foresight of Mayor Wilson Goode, a mural painting component