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Greenspace and Ecohealth Toolkit Greenspace and Ecohealth Toolkit Improving Health and Wellbeing through Greenspace Provision, Design and Access MARCH 2017 Foreword The inherent value of the natural environment, greenspaces and places, and their connections to community health and wellbeing are increasingly recognized as essential components of a healthy human habitat. They play a critical role in community and individual health and wellbeing. Just as eating greens provides us with essential nutrients, seeing and being in green places nourishes our bodies and minds. The physical, spiritual and psychological benefits of greenspaces are increasingly being recognized along with their ecological and ecosystem benefits. Greenspaces provide shade and cooling, improve air quality, and mitigate the impacts of climate change including extreme temperatures. Drawing the connections between greenspace, community health and ecosystem resilience is important for our own sustainability and wellbeing. Municipalities, public health units, environmental non-governmental agencies (ENGOs), conservation authorities and others, through the development of policy and the delivery of programs, have an incredibly important role to play in realizing positive community health outcomes through greenspace provision, design and access. It is against this backdrop of greenspace value that this Greenspace and Ecohealth Toolkit has been developed. This Toolkit includes a series of profiled case studies drawn from municipalities, public health and conservation agencies that have begun to make the connections between greenspace and community health. There are numerous examples across Ontario where municipalities and their partners have recognized the need for a healthy built environment. There are many opportunities to expand that scope and advance ecohealth in ways that systemically address greenspaces and ecological systems in our communities. The purpose of this Toolkit is to provide resources, guidance and assistance to those interested in making lasting improvements in community health through greenspace provision, access, and design. Specifically, the Toolkit: • Introduces the importance of ecohealth • Profiles examples where ecohealth is being applied through policies and programs to enhance greenspace provision, design and access • Advances ecohealth thinking and action at the local level by supporting the achievement of health-based outcomes through effective greenspace policy Prepared by Lura Consulting and Planning Solutions Inc. for EcoHealth Ontario i About EcoHealth Ontario EcoHealth Ontario (EHO) was formed in 2014 as a collaborative of professionals in the fields of public health, medicine, education, parks, planning and the environment. EHO is building a shared agenda to increase understanding of the relationships between environment and health. The goal is to foster improved health and wellbeing outcomes for Ontarians through the provision of better ecosystem quality, increased greenspace, and enhanced access to nature. EHO’s Steering Committee has established three working groups to focus on research, policy, and communications (see below). This Toolkit is a project of the Policy Working Group. It incorporates information generated by the Research and Policy Working Groups and will provide a foundation for future education and outreach activities by the Communications Working Group. Prepared by Lura Consulting and Planning Solutions Inc. for EcoHealth Ontario ii Acknowledgements This Toolkit was created for EcoHealth Ontario (EHO) by Lura Consulting and Planning Solutions Inc. Valuable input and advice were provided by a group of advisors including members of the EHO Steering Committee as well as invited experts in a range of fields (see below). We are also grateful to the individuals who provided case studies from across Ontario that demonstrate promising practices in ecohealth policy. EHO appreciates the input of diverse professionals who contributed to the Toolkit at the Ontario Professional Planners Institute Symposium in September 2016, the Latornell Symposium in November 2016, and following a webinar presented in conjunction with the Ontario Public Health Association in January 2017. EHO gratefully acknowledges the Ontario Trillium Foundation, Forests Ontario, and our Steering Committee members for their generous support of this work. EHO Steering Committee and Workgroup Membership STEERING COMMITTEE Conservation Ontario – Jane Lewington Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health, Ontario Node – Karen Morrison Credit Valley Conservation – Mike Puddister (Co-Chair) Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto – Donald Cole EcoHealth Ontario Coordinator – Suzanne Barrett Forests Ontario – Shelley McKay Ontario Professional Planners Institute – Loretta Ryan Ontario Public Health Association – Pegeen Walsh (Co-Chair) Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit – Marina Whelan Toronto Public Health – Marianne Kingsley Toronto and Region Conservation – Noah Gaetz York Region Public Health – Helen Doyle COMMUNICATIONS WORKGROUP Conservation Ontario – Jane Lewington, (Chair) Credit Valley Conservation – Maureen Pogue Forests Ontario – Shelley McKay and Ravi Singh Toronto Public Health – Marianne Kingsley Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit – Morgan Levison York Region Public Health – Kevin Haley (Notetaker) Prepared by Lura Consulting and Planning Solutions Inc. for EcoHealth Ontario iii RESEARCH WORKGROUP Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health, Ontario Node – Karen Morrison and Martin Bunch (Notetaker) Credit Valley Conservation – Tatiana Koveshnikova, (Chair) Dalla Lana School of Public Health – Donald Cole (Notetaker) Friends of the Greenbelt Foundation – Thomas Bowers Toronto Public Health – Ronald Macfarlane York Region Public Health – Asim Qasim POLICY WORKGROUP Credit Valley Conservation – Mike Puddister Ontario Public Health Association – Pegeen Walsh Ontario Professional Planners Institute – Loretta Ryan Simcoe-Muskoka District Health Unit – Marina Whelan Toronto and Region Conservation – Noah Gaetz (Chair) York Region Public Health – Helen Doyle (Notetaker) EcoHealth Policy Toolkit Advisors Back to Nature Network – Bill Kilburn Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment – Kim Perrotta City of Burlington – Mary Lou Tanner City of Vaughan – Tony Iacobelli Clean Air Partnership – Gaby Kalapos Credit Valley Conservation – Mike Puddister Dalla Lana School of Public Health – Donald Cole Ontario EcoSchools – Elanor Waslander Ontario Home Builders’ Association – Joe Vaccaro Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing – Victor Doyle Natural Resources Planner – Greg Pulham (retired) Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport – Carol Oitment Ontario Parks Association – Paul Ronan and Craig Shanks Ontario Professional Planners Institute (OPPI) – Loretta Ryan Ontario Public Health Association (OPHA) – Pegeen Walsh OPPI Planning Issues Strategy Group – Rob Voigt Park People – Jake Tobin Garrett Peel Region – Natalie Lapos Public Health Ontario – Kim Bergeron Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit – Marina Whelan Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit and OPHA Built Environment Workgroup – Dr. Chuck Gardner Toronto and Region Conservation – Noah Gaetz York Region - Ian Buchanan, Barb Davies and Helen Doyle Prepared by Lura Consulting and Planning Solutions Inc. for EcoHealth Ontario iv Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Ecohealth and the Toolkit ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Purpose of the Toolkit ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Who Should Use The Greenspace and Ecohealth Toolkit? ........................................................... 4 1.4. How to Use the Toolkit .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1. The Key Determinants of Health ................................................................................................... 5 2.2. The Ecological Determinants of Health ......................................................................................... 7 3. Public Health and Municipal Planning Tools ...................................................................................... 10 3.1. Different Communities…Different Approaches to Policy Development ..................................... 10 3.2. Public Health Tools to Advance Ecohealth through Greenspace ................................................ 11 3.3. Planning Tools to Advance Ecohealth through Greenspace ........................................................ 12 4. Case Studies – Effective Connections between Community Health, Wellbeing and Greenspace ..... 14 4.1. The Process of Selecting Cases Studies ....................................................................................... 14 4.2. Good Practices from Ontario ....................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1. Region of Peel ....................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.2. Region of York ...................................................................................................................... 20 4.2.3. County of Huron ..................................................................................................................
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