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9 State Forest Management and Biodiversity: a Case of Kerala, India
9 State Forest Management and Biodiversity: A Case of Kerala, India Ellyn K. DAMAYANTI & MASUDA Misa 1. Introduction Republic of India is the seventh largest country in the world, covering an area of 3,287,263 km2.has large and diverse forest resources in 633,397 km2 of forest covers or 19.27% of land areas (ICFRE, 2003; FAO, 2003). Forest types in India vary from topical rainforest in northeastern India, to desert and thorn forests in Gujarat and Rajasthan; mangrove forests in West Bengal, Orissa and other coastal areas; and dry alpine forests in the western Himalaya. The most common forest types are tropical moist deciduous forest, tropical dry deciduous forests, and wet tropical evergreen forests. India has a large network of protected areas, including 89 national parks and around 497 wildlife sanctuaries (MoEF, 2005). India has long history in forest management. The first formal government approach to forest management can be traced to the enactment of the National Forest Policy of 1894, revised in 1952 and once again revised in 1988, which envisaged community involvement in the protection and regeneration of forest (MoEF, 2003). Even having large and diverse forest resources, India’s national goal is to have a minimum of one-third of the total land area of the country under forest or tree cover (MoEF, 1988). In management of state forests, the National Forest Policy, 1988 emphasizes schemes and projects, which interfere with forests that clothe slopes; catchments of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, geologically unstable terrain and such other ecologically sensitive areas, should be severely restricted. -
Ahtl-European STRUGGLE by the MAPPILAS of MALABAR 1498-1921 AD
AHTl-EUROPEAn STRUGGLE BY THE MAPPILAS OF MALABAR 1498-1921 AD THESIS SUBMITTED FDR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE DF Sactnr of pitilnsopliQ IN HISTORY BY Supervisor Co-supervisor PROF. TARIQ AHMAD DR. KUNHALI V. Centre of Advanced Study Professor Department of History Department of History Aligarh Muslim University University of Calicut Al.garh (INDIA) Kerala (INDIA) T6479 VEVICATEV TO MY FAMILY CONTENTS SUPERVISORS' CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF MAPS LIST OF APPENDICES ABBREVIATIONS Page No. INTRODUCTION 1-9 CHAPTER I ADVENT OF ISLAM IN KERALA 10-37 CHAPTER II ARAB TRADE BEFORE THE COMING OF THE PORTUGUESE 38-59 CHAPTER III ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY 60-103 CHAPTER IV THE STRUGGLE OF THE MAPPILAS AGAINST THE BRITISH RULE IN 19™ CENTURY 104-177 CHAPTER V THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT 178-222 CONCLUSION 223-228 GLOSSARY 229-231 MAPS 232-238 BIBLIOGRAPHY 239-265 APPENDICES 266-304 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH - 202 002, INDIA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis "And - European Struggle by the Mappilas of Malabar 1498-1921 A.D." submitted for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Aligarh Muslim University, is a record of bonafide research carried out by Salahudheen O.P. under our supervision. No part of the thesis has been submitted for award of any degree before. Supervisor Co-Supervisor Prof. Tariq Ahmad Dr. Kunhali.V. Centre of Advanced Study Prof. Department of History Department of History University of Calicut A.M.U. Aligarh Kerala ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My earnest gratitude is due to many scholars teachers and friends for assisting me in this work. -
Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development Constraints In
Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development Constraints in Sustainable Development: A case study of inter-sectoral allocation of bamboo & reed resources in Kerala Surendranath C Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development Centre for Development Studies Thiruvananthapuram Abbreviations ADMT Air-dry metric tonnes CCF Chief Conservator of Forests CFC Common Fund for Commodities CIFOR Centre for International Forestry Research CSE Centre for Science and Environment DFO District Forest Officer FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FRI Forest Research Institute FSC Forest Stewardship Council GIL Grasim Industries Ltd. HNL Hindustan Newsprints Ltd. IDC Industrial Design Centre IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development IIT Indian Institute of Technology INBAR International Network on Bamboo and Rattan JFM Joint Forest Management JFM Joint Forest Management KFRI Kerala Forest Research Institute KSBC Kerala State Bamboo Corporation LDC Least Developed Countries LSGI Local Self -Government Institution LTA Long Term Agreement MP Madhya Pradesh NMBTTD National Mission on Bamboo Technology and Trade Development NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NID National Institute of Design NTFP Non-timber Forest Produce NWFP Non-Wood forest Produce OPM Orient Paper Mill PCS Production-to-Consumption System PFM Participatory Forest Management PPM Punalur Paper Mills SC Scheduled Caste ST Scheduled Tribe 2 TPIL Travancore Plywood Industries Ltd. WBC World Bamboo Congress WP Working Plans 3 Introduction Bamboos1 are plants that are recognised to have a close association with human life and civilisations from ancient times onwards. Bamboo has been eulogised, sung about, drawn and ascribed distinct spiritual powers in several Asiatic civilizations. Many ancient and medieval classical texts including the Yajurveda and the Arthasastra of India as well as I Ching of China abound in references to the spiritual and the material values of bamboo. -
Answers to Interrogatories by M
Answers to Interrogatories BY M. R. RY. T. V. ANANTAN NAYAR AVARGAL, B.A. B.L., District Munsiff, 1. Yes. 2. No. 3. The rule is that a man belonging to one division cannot marry a woman belonging to a higher division. A woman of one division can be married by a man of a higher division. A man of the Kiriyam (<alfol3&o^ division can marry a woman of the Charna (ojonfo) division, but not vice versa. The ' Kiriyam' division is superior to the ' Charna' division in point of caste, and according to the rule aforesaid, marriage between a ' Kiriyam' female and a ' Charna' Nayar is not permitted. Matrimonial connexion is not allowed between Sudra (<^8) and Charna (ojarrV)) Nayars. Each of the two divisions thinks that it is superior in caste to the other, though theoretically there is not much distinction between the two. 4. Yes, they incur social penalty. In North Malabar the penalty is rigor ously exacted. The offending man or woman is excluded from caste-association and is denied all caste-privileges. Their Tarawad too is socially boycotted, and their Enangans (o^aDsroak) and fellow-caste-men refuse to associate with them on occasions of auspicious and inauspicious ceremonies. Where the delinquency is grave, the parties concerned are interdicted from tank and temple by order of the local Raja who is supposed to be the censor of public morals. 5. Prayaschitham (Expiatory ceremony) cannot validate a marriage contracted in violation of recognised custom; but it may remove the taint brought upon a Tarawad by such a marriage. -
Master Plan for Kozhikode Urban Area – 2035 FOREWORD I
Master Plan for Kozhikode Urban Area – 2035 FOREWORD i FOREWORD Kozhikode is an early bird among the cities of Kerala, which took a proactive approach towards planned urban development, as early as in the late fifties, andprepared a Master Plan. Thereafter many statutory and non-statutory efforts towards city planning followed, and the urban area has now prepared the Masterplan for the period from 2015 to 2035. Population results of Census 2011 reveals the increasing share of the districts of north and middle Kerala in the State’s population, foretelling the greater prominence the region would enjoy in the State’s future. Kozhikode, being the prime urban centre of North Kerala from ancient times, therefore, has to remain equipped to benefit from this, as well as to fruitfully perform its role in the economic and social development of the region and the State. For this, land being the most scarce and expensive resource, Kozhikode Urban Area has to formulate and implement specific scientific measures in land use planning, with a long term vision and comprehensive regional outlook, first off. Besides, provision of urban services, management of ecologically sensitive areas, disaster resilience, resource mobilization etc. are to be efficiently planned to ensure the optimal use of the limited funds at the LSGIs’ disposal. The Masterplan for Kozhikode Urban Area, 2035 is an effort towards these. I sincerely appreciate the efforts of the Town & Country Planning Department under the noteworthyguidance of Sri.EapenVarughese, Smt.T.M.Sudha, Chief Town Planners (Rtd), Sri. K Ramanan, Chief Town Planner, Sri. Shaji Joseph, Chief Town Planner (Planning), Smt.Darley D.S. -
Research Journal I
1 Pratyabhijµ¡ |…i™… ¶…Y…… Vol. VII, Issue. I & II January-June 2020 July-December 2020 Pratyabhijµ¡ |…i™… ¶…Y…… (CARE listed by University Grants Commission)() Vol. VII, Issue.I & II January-June 2020 & July - December 2020 Chief Editor Prof. P.V. Narayanan Editor Dr. Ambika K. R. Research Journal of Dept. of Sanskrit Sahitya, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit Kalady, Ernakulam District, Kerala 683574 Web: www.ssussahiti.in Email: [email protected] 2 Pratyabhijµ¡ |…i™… ¶…Y…… Vol. VII, Issue. I & II Pratyabhijµ¡ January-June 2020 The Research Journal (UGC CARE listed) of Department of Sanskrit July-December 2020 Sahitya, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala. Patron : Dr. Dharmaraj Adat (Hon’ble Vice Chancellor) Chief Editor : Prof. P. V. Narayanan Editor : Dr. Ambika K. R. EditorialN Board : Dr. V. R. Muralidharan, Dr. Reeja B. Kavanal, Dr. K. V. Ajithkumar, Dr. Mini T, Dr. K.A. Raveendran,Dr. K. M. Sangamesan, Dr. P.V. Rajee, Jensi M. Advisory Board Dr. N.P. Unni (Former Vice-Chancellor, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit) Dr. K.G. Paulose (Former Vice-Chancellor, Kerala Kalamandalam) Dr. N.V.P. Unithiri (Former Principal Dean of Studies, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit) Dr. V.N. Jha (Former Director, Centre for Advanced Studies in Sanskrit, Pune) Dr. J. Prasad (Former Vice-Chancellor, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit) Dr. P.C. Muraleemadhavan (Prof. & Head, Rashtriya Samskrta Samsthan Deemed University) Dr. K.T. Madhavan (Principal Rtd., Rashtriya Samskrta Samsthan Deemed University) Dr. C. Rajendran (Prof. Rtd., Dept. of Sanskrit, University of Calicut) Dr. P. Narayanan Namboodiri (Prof. Rtd., Dept. of Sanskrit, University of Calicut) Published by: The Staff Council, Department of Sanskrit Sahitya, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala.