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Fisheries in Sweden

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DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIESB POLICY DEPARTMENT AgricultureAgriculture and Rural and Development Rural Development STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B CultureCulture and Education and Education Role The Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice Fisheries to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies. Fisheries RegionalRegional Development Development Policy Areas TransportTransport and andTourism Tourism Agriculture and Rural Development Culture and Education Fisheries Regional Development Transport and Tourism Documents Visit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies PHOTO CREDIT: iStock International Inc., Photodisk, Phovoir DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES FISHERIES FISHERIES IN SWEDEN NOTE This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries. AUTHOR Irina POPESCU Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Virginija Kelmelyte LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translations: DE, FR, IT, PL, SV. ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in April 2010. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2010. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES FISHERIES FISHERIES IN SWEDEN NOTE Abstract This note was requested by the Committee on Fisheries for its Delegation to Sweden (25/05-27/05/2010). The note provides a review of the main characteristics of the Swedish fisheries sector, with a focus on issues such as the legal and institutional framework, fisheries management, catches, the fishing fleet, fishing industry, trade, employment, the fish market and marine research. IP/B/PECH/NT/2010-03 April 2010 PE 438.579 EN Fisheries in Sweden CONTENTS Contents 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF FIGURES 7 LIST OF MAPS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1. The Baltic Sea ecosystem 17 1.2. The West coast ecosystem 18 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 21 2.1. Law 21 2.2. Institutions 22 3. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 25 3.1. Background 25 3.2. Management measures 27 3.3. Fishing rights 28 3.4. Closures 30 3.5. Marine Protected Areas 32 4. CATCHES 33 4.1. Sea fisheries 33 4.2. Inland fisheries 39 4.3. Aquaculture 40 5. FISHING FLEET 43 5.1. General characteristics 43 5.2. Fishing gear 44 5.3. Fishing ports 47 5.4. Evolution of the fishing fleet 49 6. PROCESSING INDUSTRY, TRADE, EMPLOYMENT 51 3 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies 7. FISH MARKET 55 8. MARINE RESEARCH 59 REFERENCES 63 ANNEX 1: SWEDISH FISHERIES – A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 65 ANNEX 2 67 ANNEX 3 69 FISH SPECIES - DICTIONARY (ENGLISH-SWEDISH) 71 4 Fisheries in Sweden LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BSPA Baltic Sea Protected Areas CFP Common Fisheries Policy EFF European Fisheries Fund FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations HELCOM Helsinki Commission ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Seas IQ Individual Quota ITQ Individual Transferable Quota MPA Marine Protected Areas MSC Marine Stewardship Council OSPAR Oslo-Paris Commission RBM Rights-Based Management SPA Special Protection Areas SBF Swedish Board of Fisheries SCI Sites of Community Importance TAC Total Allowable Catches TURF Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries 5 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Key data 9 Table 2: Catches by fishing areas in 2008 33 Table 3: Catches in sea fisheries in Sweden by fishing area in 2008 (live weight) 36 Table 4: Catches in inland Swedish waters by commercial fishermen, 2008 39 Table 5: Value of the catches in inland Swedish waters by commercial fishermen, 2008 40 Table 6: Swedish production of fish for consumption in 2008 41 Table 7: Characteristics of the average fishing vessel in Sweden, 2010 43 Table 8: Main fishing gear used by the Swedish fleet, 2010 45 Table 9: Fishing gear used by the Swedish fleet (main gear - subsidiary gear), 2010 46 Table 10: The main fishing ports in Sweden 48 Table 11: Trade figures in the fisheries sector in Sweden (in million EUR) 51 Table 12: Employment by fisheries sub-sector, region and gender, 2005 53 Table 13: Landings of sea fisheries in Sweden by coastal region (landed weight), 2008 69 Table 14: Landings of sea fisheries in Sweden by coastal region (value), 2008 70 6 Fisheries in Sweden LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The biomass of cod, sprat and herring in the Baltic Sea 18 Figure 2: Organisation of the Swedish Board of Fisheries 23 Figure 3: Catches in sea fisheries by fishing area, 1999-2008 33 Figure 4: Landings of fish for consumption of the Swedish sea fisheries in 2008: A. Landed weight B. Value of the landings 35 Figure 5: Cod in the Kattegat: fishing mortality, spawning biomass, landings and recruitment 37 Figure 6: Norway lobster: Landings and discards 38 Figure 7: Swedish production of rainbow trout (regnbåge), other fish for consumption (övrig matfisk) and blue mussels (musslor) 41 Figure 8: The Swedish fishing fleet by length category, 2010 43 Figure 9: Evolution of the gross tonnage of vessels using the main fishing gears, 1995-2010 44 Figure 10: Evolution of the Swedish fishing fleet in terms of number of vessels, gross tonnage and engine power, 1995-2010 50 Figure 11: Evolution of the trade balance in the fisheries sector in Sweden 52 Figure 12: Employment in fisheries and aquaculture in Sweden, 2005 53 Figure 13: Total 2008 Swedish fresh and processed fish market by product 55 7 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Sweden and its location in the EU 13 Map 2: Sweden: counties and provinces 14 Map 3: Sweden’s maritime territory 15 Map 4: Bottom salinity around Sweden 16 Map 5: Seafloor bathymetry around Sweden 17 Map 6: The fleet capacity in the Swedish counties (% of the total gross tonnage), 2010 47 Map 7: Location of the main fishing ports in Sweden. The gross tonnage is indicated. 49 Map 8: Swedish fishing zones and corresponding ICES divisions and sub- divisions. Nordsjön=North Sea, Östersjön=Baltic Sea 67 8 Fisheries in Sweden EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sweden is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula. The East Swedish coast borders the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea, with its peculiar ecosystem mixing freshwater and marine species. To the west, the Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund form the gateway between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Stratification of waters in both areas is a cause of oxygen deficiency, with critical effects on biodiversity and fisheries. Sweden is a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995. The Swedish fisheries policy is thus covered by the EU Common Fisheries Policy. The Government authority responsible for the conservation and exploitation of Sweden's fish stocks is the Swedish Board of Fisheries. Fisheries management is based on the Total Allowable Catches and quota system, accompanied by other measures such as effort regulation, technical conservation measures, management/recovery plans and stock enhancement operations. Sweden has a number of rights-based management systems in place: Individual Quotas and Individual Transferable Quotas, territorial use rights in fisheries, and limited non-transferable permits/licences. Sweden has established a large number of Marine Protected Areas around its coasts, and is involved in major networks such as the marine component of Natura 2000, the OSPAR network and the HELCOM Baltic Sea Protected Areas. In 2008, Swedish catches from marine fisheries reached a total of 229 726 t (live weight). The Baltic Sea is the most important fishing area, with 72% of the total national catches, while the remaining volume comes from the North Sea (14 %) and from the Kattegat and Skagerrak area (14%). Fisheries in the Baltic Sea and Öresund are dominated by the catches of sprat, herring and cod. In the Skagerrak and Kattegat, most of the fish catches consist of herring, followed by sprat, saithe, weever, cod and plaice. Crustaceans are particularly significant, mainly the deep-water prawn and the Norway lobster. The main catches in the North Sea are herring and sandeel, but also mackerel, saithe and cod. Table 1: Key data Area 449 964 km2 Population 9 349 059 (at 28/02/2010) Flag Capital Stockholm Coastline 13 567 km West coast Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund South and East coast Baltic Sea Source: Diverse 9 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies Out of the total 229 726 t live weight (weight of fish as caught), the landed weight (weight of fish as landed) represented 218 956 t. The landed weight includes fish for consumption (43%), fish for reduction (56.9%), as well as roe and liver (ca. 0.1%). Nevertheless, fish for consumption provides the major part of the total value of the landings (81%). Roe and liver are also high value products (1.4%) while fish for reduction represent 17.5% of the landings value. As regards landings of fish for consumption, they are dominated by a small number of species: herring (more than half of the landings of fish for consumption and ca. 23% of the total landings), sprat, cod, mackerel and saithe, as well as deep-water prawn and Norway lobster. In terms of value, crustaceans and cod have a higher share of the landings (24% and 19% of the value of the total landings respectively), and several other higher value species have significant contributions, mainly eel, plaice and witch.
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