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NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL-113 Strategic NOAATechnicalMemorandumERLPMEL-113 StrategicImplementationPlanforTsunamiMitigationProjects approvedbytheMitigationSubcommitteeoftheNationalTsunamiHazardMitigationProgram, April14,1998 LoriDengler DepartmentofGeology HumboldtStateUniversity Arcata,California95519 October1998 NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA/ERL. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. Contribution No. 2030 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory __________________________________________________ For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 ii Contents Strategic Implementation Plan for Tsunami Mitigation Projects (approved by the Mitigation Subcommittee of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program) ..............................1 Executive Summary ......................................1 1. Introduction .......................................2 1.1 The Strategic Implementation Plan .........................3 1.2 Background .....................................4 1.3 Mitigating the Tsunami Hazard: Special Considerations...............4 2. Goals and Objectives ...................................6 2.1 Goals.........................................6 2.2 Objectives ......................................6 3. Strategic Planning Elements ...............................8 3.1 Education ......................................9 3.2 Tools for Emergency Managers ..........................10 3.3 Building and Land Use Guidance..........................10 3.4 Information Exchange and Coordination .....................11 3.5 Long-Term Tsunami Mitigation ..........................11 4. Implementation .....................................12 4.1 Areas of Emphasis .................................12 4.2 Plan Management .................................13 4.3 Timeline ......................................14 5. Measuring Performance.................................15 6. Plan Assessment and Revision .............................16 Appendix 1 Technical Assessment of the International Tsunami Information Center Library, Honolulu, Hawaii ......................17 Introduction .........................................17 Physical Description .....................................17 Quantity of Materials.....................................17 Quantitative Comparisons to Other Collections.......................18 Number of Books about Tsunamis in Various Institutions ...............18 Sources of Materials .....................................18 Quality of Materials .....................................19 Cataloging/Indexing Systems ................................19 Current Use of the Collection ................................20 Potential Use of the ITIC Collection, at ITIC ........................20 Potential Use of This Information ..............................20 Thoughts...........................................21 iii A Possible Solution? The Virtual Tsunami Library......................21 References ..........................................22 Appendix 2A Bibliography: Warning Systems ..................................25 General Tsunami Warning Systems .............................25 Local Tsunami Warning Systems...............................27 Tsunami Warning Systems ..................................27 Pacific Tsunami Warning System ............................27 Alaska Tsunami Warning Systems ...........................29 British Columbia ....................................30 California ........................................31 China ..........................................31 Fiji ............................................32 French Polynesia ....................................32 Hawaii ..........................................32 Japan ..........................................34 Portugal .........................................35 Russia ..........................................35 Ocean Bottom Sensors....................................36 Tsunami Hazards Reduction Utilizing Systems Technology.................37 Appendix 2B Bibliography: Mitigation ........................................41 General Tsunami Mitigation .................................41 Africa.............................................43 Alaska ............................................43 British Columbia .......................................46 California...........................................46 Caribbean ..........................................47 China .............................................49 Columbia...........................................49 Costa Rica ..........................................50 Equador ...........................................50 Hawaii ............................................50 Indonesia...........................................52 Jamaica ............................................52 Japan .............................................53 Mexico ............................................57 New Zealand .........................................59 Peru .............................................60 iv Philippines ..........................................60 Washington .........................................60 Land Use ...........................................62 Proceedings .........................................65 Proceedings of the Second International Tsunami Workshop ................67 The International Emergency Management and Engineering Society ............68 Wind and Seismic Effects—Proceedings ..........................69 Western States Seismic Policy Council ............................69 PMEL ............................................69 General Hazard Mitigation..................................70 Appendix 2C Bibliography: Education ........................................77 General Tsunami Education .................................77 Resources ..........................................79 Earthquakes and Tsunamis .................................80 Appendix 3A Summary of Preuss, J., 1988, Planning for Risk: Comprehensive Planning for Tsunami Hazard Areas; prepared by Urban Regional Research for the National Science Foundation ...............85 Part I. The Planning Context ................................85 Chapter 1. Project Objectives and Methodology ....................85 Chapter 2. Overview of Damage Patterns: 1964 Alaska Tsunami............86 Part II. Risk Assessment ...................................87 Chapter 3. Kodiak 1964: Retrospective Assessment ..................87 Chapter 4. Kodiak 1986: Vulnerability Today......................88 Chapter 5. Mexico 1985: Retrospective Assessment ..................90 Part III. Risk Reduction Framework .............................91 Chapter 6. Balancing Tsunami Risk in High Impact Areas ...............91 Chapter 7. Reducing Risk in Commercial Areas.....................93 Chapter 8. Reducing Risk to Marine and Shore Areas ..................94 Chapter 9. Reducing Risk in Industrial Areas ......................95 Chapter 10. Reducing Risk in Low-Velocity Areas (Mexico) ..............95 Part IV. Implementation ...................................96 Chapter 11. Administrative Framework.........................96 v Appendix 3B Summary of Ayre, R.S., P.B. Trainer, and D.S. Mileti, 1975, Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards in the United States: A Research Assessment. Program on Technology, Environment and Man, Monograph #NSF-RA-E-75-005, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, 150 pp...........97 Introduction .........................................97 Part I. Earthquakes......................................97 Part II. Tsunamis.......................................98 Alternative Futures .....................................102 Appendix 3C Summary of Steinbrugge, K.V., 1982, Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis, an Anatomy of Hazards. Skandia America Group, New York, New York, 392 pp. ...................................105 Introduction ........................................105 Appendix 4A Alaska Tsunami Mitigation Needs ...............................117 Public Information Materials ................................117 Educational Programs ...................................117 County and Community Needs...............................117 Model Codes and Regulations/Tsunami Legislation/Inundation Mapping ........117 Warning Programs .....................................118 Mitigation Programs ....................................118 Appendix 4B Recommendations for the State of California Summary of Findings from “Findings and Recommendations for Mitigating the Risks of Tsunami in California” .....................119 Introduction ........................................119 Proposed Action Plan....................................119 Tsunami Mitigation Goal ...............................119 Tsunami Modeling, Mapping, and Preparedness Planning .................120 Watches, Warnings, Notification, and Governmental Response ..............120 Land Use Planning and Building Mitigation ........................120 vi Public Awareness and Education ..............................121 Other Issues and Concerns to Workshop Participants ...................121 Appendix 4C The Needs of Hawaii as presented by the Oahu Civil Defense Agency City and County of Honolulu ....................................123 Introduction ........................................123 Locally Generated Tsunamis ................................123 Improved Identification of Evacuation Zones
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