Perancangan Aplikasi Game Mobile Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Dan Interaksi Sosial Penderita Autis

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Perancangan Aplikasi Game Mobile Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Dan Interaksi Sosial Penderita Autis ISSN : 2407 - 3911 PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GAME MOBILE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL PENDERITA AUTIS Bambang Ari Wahyudi1), M Nurkamal F2), Wanda Darmawan3) 1)Universitas Telkom, 2,3)Politeknik POS Indonesia 1)Jl. Telekomunikasi Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung 2,3) Jl. Sariasih no. 54, Bandung 1)[email protected], 2)[email protected], 3)[email protected] Abstrak technology to improve communication and social interaction with autism and specific targets include Autisme merupakan fenomena yang masih mapping the needs of people with autism in terms of menyimpan banyak rahasia. Gangguan autistik age, emotional so it can be built gaming applications didefinisikan sebagai gangguan perkembangan mobile and easy for educators and parents to monitor dengan tiga ciri utama, yaitu gangguan pada interaksi the development of children with autism with the help sosial, gangguan pada komunikasi, dan keterbatasan of the application built. minat serta kemampuan imajinasi. Based on the obtained value Wilcoxon method Pada penelitian ini bertujuan membangun asymp sig = 0.022 <α = 0.05 which means that there teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan komunikasi are differences on the responsibility, communication dan interaksi sosial penderita autis dan target khusus skills and social interaction of children with autism meliputi pemetaan kebutuhan penderita autis dari before and after using this app and a positive trend in segi usia, emosional sehingga dapat dibangun the sense of this application can be accepted. aplikasi game mobile dan kemudahan bagi pendidik maupun orang tua untuk memonitor perkembangan Keywords : anak penderita autis dengan bantuan aplikasi yang Autis, Game, mobile, Android, Wilcoxon dibangun. Berdasarkan metode Wilcoxon diperoleh nilai asymp sig = 0.022 < α =0.05 yang berarti bahwa ada I. PENDAHULUAN perbedaan terhadap responsibilitas, kemampuan Secara definisi anak-anak penderita autisme komunikasi dan interaksi sosial anak autis sebelum menunjukan penurunan keterampilan sosial. Masalah dan sesudah menggunakan aplikasi ini dan keterampilan sosial ini seiring dengan kesulitan kecenderungan positif dalam arti aplikasi ini dapat dalam komunikasi. Hasil dari kesulitan-kesulitan diterima. tersebut menunjukan bahwa pembentukan Kata kunci : persahabatan untuk orang dengan autisme dapat menjadi tugas yang sulit. Anak-anak dengan autisme Autis, Game mobile, Android, Wilcoxon memiliki kelemahan mendalam dalam perilaku sosial Abstract dan memiliki kapasitas terbatas untuk memahami konvensi sosial dan perspektif orang lain yang Autism is a phenomenon that still holds many menyaksikan atau mengalami situasi yang sama. secrets. Autistic disorder is defined as a developmental disorder with three main Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pada anak characteristics, namely disturbances in social autis dapat dilakukan terapi "Early Start Denver”. interaction, impaired communication, and limited the Terapi tersebut difokuskan untuk mengembangkan interest and ability of imagination. kemampuan interaksi sosial dan komunikasi anak. In this research aims to develop information Misalnya saja, terapis atau orangtua secara berulang 1 Bambang Ari Wahyudi, M Nurkamal F, Wanda Darmawan Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Terapan Volume I, No 3, 10 Agustus 2015 ISSN : 2407 - 3911 mendekatkan mainan di dekat wajah anak untuk Bagi mereka yang sangat pasif dalam interaksi merangsang anak melakukan kontak mata. Atau, dengan orang lain, akan menerima interaksi dan orangtua memberi hadiah bila anak menggunakan menjadi “sukarelawan” kata saat meminta mainan.Anak-anak tersebut c. Aktif tetapi aneh melakukan terapi selama 4 jam, lima hari dalam seminggu, ditambah minimal 5 jam terapi pada akhir Mereka yang ingin mempunyai kontak sosial pekan dari orangtuanya. Setelah dua tahun, tingkat tetapi kurang untuk memulai sesuatu dalam kegiatan kecerdasan (IQ) anak-anak itu rata-rata naik 18 poin sosial dengan benar, maka mereka akan menahan dibandingkan dengan anak dari kelompok terapi lain. tatapannya terlalu lama, duduk terlalu dekat atau (Kompas,21 Desember 2009) merespon dengan cara yang tidak terduga Salah satu penggunaan teknologi untuk 2. Komunikasi membantu anak penderita autis adalah aplikasi a. Kurangnya keinginan untuk berkomunikasi instruksi computer based dengan situasi alami dan di secara sosial tunjukan dengan video yang telah digunakan peneliti b. Kurangnya pengertian secara gerakan dan praktisi untuk melatih berbagai keterampilan terhadap orang lain sosial untuk orang dewasa dengan cacat intelektual. c. Tidak menghargai keinginan untuk Hasilnya reaksi penderita autis untuk mengikuti komunikasi informasi arahan, membalas sapaan dan berbagi meningkat d. Tidak bisa mengerti gurauan tetapi dalam penelitian tersebut tidak meneliti apa e. Akan melakukan ekspresi sebelum mengerti yang terjadi pada saat penderita autis tersebut f. Sangat sedikit mengerti kata dan kalimat bermain.(Simpson.,A., dkk, 2004) 3. Pemikiran dan kelakuan yang kaku a. Mempunyai aktivitas khusus b. Terlalu terikat dalam melakukan pergerakan II. KAJIAN LITERATUR yg berulang atau objek tertentu atau rutinitas c. Urutan aktivitas yang kompleks II.1 Autisme d. Bisa mengembangkan kebiasaan yang harus Kondisi utama dari autisme diteliti pada dilengkapi pertengahan tahun 1940 oleh dua praktisi medis dari e. Bisa mempunyai kebiasaan yang ekstrim – Austria, Leo Kanner, psikiater anak dan Hans contoh: berputar Asperger, dokter anak. Kondisi autisme f. Bisa melakukan kelakuan ekstrim untuk diperkenalkan di jerman dan diterjemahkan ke dalam menghindari stimulasi tertentu bahasa inggris pada tahun 1980. Perbedaan area dalam perkembangan ini harus Tiga area utama pengembangan untuk dicatat selama 13 tahun. Meskipun ada keinginan membedakan penyadang autism adalah: untuk mendiagnosa anak-anak pada dekade terakhir, banyak yang tidak di diagnose sampai mereka lebih 1. Interaksi sosial dewasa. Seorang yang men-diagnosa akan bertanya Wing dan Gould (1979) percaya bahwa ada juga ke pada orang tua/wali tentang perkembangan anak subgroup dari tiga karakter atau kelakuan dalam mereka sebelum berumur 3 tahun. Para professional interaksi sosial ragu untuk mendiagnosa dari awal karena akan memberikan rasa frustrasi kepada orang tua yang a. Penyendiri sudah curiga tentang perkembangan anak mereka. Menggambarkan orang dengan autism yang Tetapi, diagnosa diperuntukan untuk kondisi tidak bertingkah laku seperti anda tidak berada disana. ditemukan cara pengobatan, jadi praktisi harus tahu Tidak merespon pada interaksi anda dan persis bahwa tugas mereka akurat. Beberapa membimbing anda ke tempat atau aktivitas yang karakteristik ASD bisa merupakan hasil dari mereka inginkan daripada memintanya. perkembangan yang tertunda. b. Pasif II.2 Android Speech Recognition Speech recognition (pengenalan suara / pola bicara), dahulu dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 Bambang Ari Wahyudi, M Nurkamal F, Wanda Darmawan Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Terapan Volume I, No 3, 10 Agustus 2015 ISSN : 2407 - 3911 seluruh sumber daya komputer ketika memproses Pada uji Wilcoxon dan uji tanda, jika nilai kata atau kalimat. Sistem Google menggunakan Asymp Sig (2 tailed) > (α=0.1), Ho diterima dan Ha pendekatan lain dengan mengambil stream yang telah ditolak. Sebaliknya, jika nilai Asymp Sig (2 tailed) < direkam dan akhirnya diproses melaui komputasi (α=0.1), Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini awan. Apapun yang kita ucapkan akan direkam oleh menandakan bahwa ada perbedaan antara variabel peralatan yang tertanam sistem operasi Android persepsi dan harapan. kemudian dikirimkan pada Google data centre. Server-server dengan kemampuan tinggi akan melayani model statistik untuk menentukan apa yang III. METODOLOGI telah diucapkan. Metodologi yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan metode berbentuk eksperimen / tes yang dilakukan secara berulang kepada anak autis dengan standar Rational Unified Process dan bahasa pemodelan Unified Modeling Language - UML. Tahapan yang akan ditempuh adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Tahap Persiapan 2. Tahap Analisis Kebutuhan 3. Tahap Perancangan 4. Tahap Implementasi Gambar 1 Google’s speech recognizer 5. Tahap Pengujian III.1 Tahap Persiapan II.3 Metode Wilcoxon Pada tahapan ini dilakukan kajian literatur Metode Wilcoxon merupakan pengujian non- mengenai anak penderita autis, identifikasi dan parametrik untuk tipe data ordinal antara dua variabel perumusan masalah, penetapan batasan masalah dan yang berasal dari populasi yang sama, tanpa ada penentuan tujuan penelitian. Lokasi penelitian yang asumsi data terdistribusi normal. Penelitian ini dipilih adalah SLB Pambudi Dharma di Cimahi menggunakan dua teknik pengujian, untuk III.2 Tahap Analisis Kebutuhan memperoleh data analisis yang lebih akurat. Kategori hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pada tahapan ini dilakukan analisis kebutuhan- hipotesis komparatif dua variabel, dengan masing- kebutuhan yang terdiri dari: masing hipotesis sebagai berikut: 1. Kebutuhan pengguna, H0 :persepsi sama dengan harapan (persepsi Berdasarkan hasil penelitian seperti tertera di = harapan) dalam tinjauan pustaka, penelitian ini lebih mengarah H1 :persepsi lebih kecil dari harapan pada tujuan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan (persepsi ≠ harapan) interaksi sosial penderita autis, sehingga peubah yang Persamaan yang digunakan dalam uji Wilcoxon diamati dari sisi kebutuhan pengguna (anak autis) adalah sebagai berikut: adalah: a. Responsibilitas b. Kemampuan komunikasi c. Interaksi sosial …………..(1)
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