4.1.2010

Lissamphibia - all unamnian tetrapods, also extinct = Amphibia Amphibians and of - all recent living Amphibians = Lissamphibia the 6000 species

Zoology 600 species

Oldřich Kopecký 180 species [email protected]

Salamanders (Caudata, Urodela) Common newt Lissotriton vulgaris (Triturus)

- four legs with tail • up to11cm - without copulatory organs, internal fertilization • grooves on head - 9 families, cca 600 species • underside with spots - distribution mainly on north hemisphere • throat pale • males during breeding - in CR 1 familyy() True Salamanders (Salamandridae), 8 - great, continuous crest species on back and tail - part of year on land, part of year in water - webbed toes on hind limb - larvae have external gills, carnivorous - all species are protected by law

Palmate newt Lissotriton helveticus (Triturus) Montandon´s newt (Lissotriton montadoni) (Triturus) - alike palmate newt - up to 10 cm - grooves on head - on belly maybe small spots - breeding males without crest, filament on end of tail

- only on east border of CR

• up to 10 cm • grooves on head • on belly maybe small spots • breeding males without crest, filament on end of tail • only on west border of CR

1 4.1.2010

Great newts complex – Northern crested newt Alpine newt Mesotriton alpestris (Triturus) (Triturus cristatus), Danube crested newt (T. dobrogicus), Italian crested newt (T. carnifex) up to 12 cm • without grooves on head • underside without spots up to 18 cm • males during breeding • without grooves on head - without crest or filament but • underside with spots colourfull • throat dark • males during breeding - one crest on back another crest on tail

- in CR 3 species - Northern crested newt – most common - Danube crested newt - Italian crested newt

Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) Frogs (Anura, Salientia) - four legs, without tail - up to 25 cm - middle ear – vocalization, territoriality - parotids - external feritilization - most terrestrial - cca 25 families, cca 6000 species - breeding in running - except Arktic and Antarktic region, worldwide water only for few days - female do not lay eggs - in CR 5 families Tree Frogs (Hylidae), Bellied Toads (Bombinatoridae), but directly larvae Spadefoots (Pelobatidae), Typical Toads (Bufonidae), Typical Frogs (Ranidae), with 13 species - part of year on land, part of year in water - larvae have unvisible gills, herbivorous - all species, except Common Frog, are protected by law

Fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) Yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata)

- up to 5 cm - yellow pattern on belly - uniform back, colourfull belly - amplexus inguinalis - heart-shaped eye - relatively poisonous = unken pectoral spots comunicate with reflex spots on fore legs - eggs are laid singly

- red pattern on belly B.bombina x B variegata

2 4.1.2010

Common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) Common Toad (Bufo bufo) - up to 8 cm - vertical, cat like eye - horizontal pupil - able to burrow = - parotids spade on hind foot - warty skin - amplexus inguinalis - eggs in strings - amplexus axillaris - eggs in short strings - tadpoles can - up to 12 cm hibernate in water and then can reach -uniform brown co lora tion 15 cm

Natterjack (Epidalea calamita) (Bufo) Green Toad (Pseudepidalea viridis) (Bufo)

- up to 6 cm - up to 8 cm - very short tadpole stage - green marking - green marking with pale - live on localities vertebral stripe up to 450 m - do not jump a.s.l.

-amplexus axillaris

Common tree frog (Hyla arborea) Common Frog (Rana temporaria) - up to 5 cm - up to 10 cm - green with dark - brown with dark spots brown stripe from nostril to groin - horizontal pupil - horizontal pupil - belly with pale spots - disc adheisve pads - metatarsal tubercle small and soft on tippgs of fingers - amplexu s ax illaris - males with large - eggs in clumps vocal sac with about 3000 - amplexus axillaris - eggs in clumps with max. 60

3 4.1.2010

Moor frog (Rana arvalis) Agile frog (Rana dalmatina) - up to 10 cm - up to 9 cm - brown with dark spots or stripes - belly pale without spots - belly pale without spots - metatarsal tubercle biggest from brown frogs - males during breeding brightly blue - ear-drum close to eye, large as same as eye - metatarsal tubercle hard and prominent - longest hind feet

Water or Green Frogs – Reptiles Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), Pool frog (P. lessonae), Edible frog (P. klepton esculenta) - from 8 – 16 cm - green with dark brown spots or stripes - mainly in water - amplexus axillaris - two vocal sacs - Edible frog is hybrid of Marsh and Pool frog, Edible frog is able to reproduce = so certain distiction based only methods working with genes

Turtles (Testudines, Chelonia) European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis) - shell (carapace, palstron) - up to 25 cm - 13 families, 250 species - carapes dark with - from tropics to temperate zone yellow spots - terrestrial, fresh water and salt water habitats - semiaquatic - reproduction only by eggs - female lays up to 20 eggs in to soil near water

- in CR 2 species from 1 family terrapins (Emydidae) - in CR probably extinct

4 4.1.2010

Red-eared terrapin (Trachemys scripta) Scaled Reptiles () - up to 28 cm - red spot behind eye Suborder Lizards (Sauria) - introduce to - 16 families, cca 4000 species from north America - except Arktic and Antarktic region, worldwide as pet - terrestrial (also arboreal and subterranean) - competition with - eye lids moveable, external ear visible original species - autotomy of tail in some families - import was prohibited by EU in 2004 - they la id eggs an d some o f them are v iv iparous

- in CR 5 species from 2 families Slow worms (Anguidae), Lacertid lizards (Lacertidae)

Sand lizarsd (Lacerta agilis) Slow worm (Anguis fragilis) - snout-vent length 9 cm - up to 50 cm - tail up to 1,7 times body length - brown, sometimes - dark spots with white center on with blue spots back or on sides - nostril between 2 scales, after this - eye lids another 2 scale - scales on back - males brown-green, females and on belly same usually only brown - females give birth - females lay 4 – 14 eggs to max. 26 live young 20 cm 2 úzké světlé proužky na hřbetě mláďata jsou šedohnědá teplé slunečné svahy

Green lizard (Lacerta viridis) Viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara)

- up to 13 cm male - up to 6,5 cm - tail twice body length - tail 2 times as long - male gree,during - both sexes brown breeding with blue - nostril between 2 scales, after throat this another 1 scale - female brown-green - female give birth to max. 11 - nostril between 3 fully formed young scales - ithtfitin south parts of its range - thermophilic, up to female lays eggs 400 m a.s.l. - female lays 5 – 25 eggs

female

5 4.1.2010

Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) Suborder (Serpentes)

- up to 7,5 cm - 18 families, cca 3500 species - tail 2,3 longer then body - worldwide except Arktic and Antarktic region - nostril between 2 scales, after this - terrestrial and also water habitats another 1 scale - without eye lids, eye scale - females can produce about 10 - Jacobson´s organ, infra-red sensitive receptors eggs - ppgoison glands - in CR on ly one loca litlity ŠTRAMBERK - in CR 5 species from 2 families Vipers (Viperidae) and Typical snakes ()

Grass (Natrix natrix) Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) - up to 150 cm - back grey with dark spots - up to 130 cm - underside yellow - adults with uniform brown - scales on head large coloration - scales on body keeled - underside yellow - yellow spots „half-moon“ behind - scales on head large head - scales on body keeled - clutch with max. 100 eggs - pppupil rounded - may feign dead - clutch with max. 40 eggs when handled - aquatic, live around rivers

Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissima) - up to 70 cm - back grey with dark spots - up to 220 cm - underside orange, red, grey or blackish - adults with uniform brown - scales on head large coloration - scales on body smooth - underside yellow - pupil rounded - scales on head large - Fully formed young are produced , most broods - scales on body smooth are made up of about 3 - 9 babies - pupil rounded - clutch with max. 18 eggs - thermophilic in CR in 3 areas up to 500 m a.s.l.

6 4.1.2010

Adder (Vipera berus)

- up to 65 cm - scales on head small - scales on body keeled - zig-zig vertebral stripe, maybe completly black - vertical, cat-eye - poisonous - female give birth to max. 18 young

7