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South African Journal of Science South African Journal of Science volume 116 number 11/12 Volume 116 Number 11/12 November/December 2020 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jane Carruthers Academy of Science of South Africa MANAGING EDITOR Linda Fick Academy of Science of South Africa ONLINE PUBLISHING South African SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR Nadia Grobler Journal of Science Academy of Science of South Africa ASSOCIATE EDITORS Margaret Avery Cenozoic Studies, Iziko Museums of South Africa, South Africa Priscilla Baker eISSN: 1996-7489 Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa Pascal Bessong HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Guest Leader Programme, University of Venda, South Africa Celebrating the International Year of Plant Health 2020 (IYPH 2020) Jennifer Case Teresa A. Coutinho ................................................................................................................... 1 Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA Teresa Coutinho Commentary Department of Microbiology and Recognising the importance of plant health in today’s world Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Mirko Montuori ........................................................................................................................ 2 Tania Douglas The importance of plant health as a key to sustainable crop production in South Africa Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa Ida Wilson ............................................................................................................................... 4 Bettine van Vuuren The importance of natural science collections in South Africa Department of Zoology, Centre Adriaana Jacobs ...................................................................................................................... 6 for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, South Africa The Southern African Society for Plant Pathology: 1962–2020 Michael J. Wingfield & Teresa A. Coutinho ............................................................................... 8 Amanda Weltman Department of Mathematics and The Plant Disease Pyramid: The relevance of the original vision of plant pathology in 2020 Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, South Africa Bernard Slippers ....................................................................................................................... 10 Yali Woyessa James E. Vanderplank: South African and globally recognised plant pathologist Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Teresa A. Coutinho, André Drenth & Michael J. Wingfield ......................................................... 13 South Africa Lessons from a major pest invasion: The polyphagous shot hole borer in South Africa ASSOCIATE EDITOR Trudy Paap, Michael J. Wingfield, Z. Wilhelm de Beer & Francois Roets ................................... 16 MENTEES Ntombizodwa Mathe National Laser Centre, CSIR, Book Review South Africa Green actions for better plant health Sandiswa Mbewana Department of Molecular and Cell Victoria Pastor ......................................................................................................................... 20 Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa Profile Salmina Mokgehle Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, NSTF-South32 award for Plant Health: Honouring excellence and celebrating Agricultural Research Council, South Africa Professor Mike Wingfield Salmina Mokgehle ................................................................................................................... 21 Sydney Moyo Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, South Africa Review Article EDITORIAL ADVISORY The hunt for plant viruses in South Africa: The early days BOARD Chrissie Rey ............................................................................................................................ 22 Stephanie Burton Professor of Biochemistry and Emerging potato pathogens affecting food security in southern Africa: Recent research Professor at Future Africa, University Jacquie E. van der Waals & Kerstin Krüger ............................................................................... 30 of Pretoria, South Africa Felix Dakora Potato virus Y and Potato leafroll virus management under climate change in Department of Chemistry, Tshwane sub-Saharan Africa University of Technology, South Africa Kerstin Krüger & Jacquie E. van der Waals .............................................................................. 37 Saul Dubow Tree health in South Africa: Retrospect and prospect Smuts Professor of Commonwealth Michael J. Wingfield, Brett Hurley, Brenda Wingfield & Bernard Slippers .................................. 44 History, University of Cambridge, UK Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa Trauma Studies in Historical Trauma Zacharias A. Pretorius, Renée Prins, Elsabet Wessels, Cornel M. Bender, Botma Visser & and Transformation, Stellenbosch Willem H.P. Boshoff ................................................................................................................. 52 University, South Africa Robert Morrell Progress in the management of Fusarium head blight of wheat: An overview School of Education, University of Sinegugu P.N. Shude, Kwasi S. Yobo & Nokwazi C. Mbili .......................................................... 60 Cape Town, South Africa Hassina Mouri Department of Geology, University of Research Article Johannesburg, South Africa Effect of northern corn leaf blight severity on Fusarium ear rot incidence of maize Catherine Ngila Maryke Craven, Liesl Morey, Adrian Abrahams, Henry A. Njom & Belinda Janse van Rensburg ...... 67 Deputy Vice Chancellor – Academic Affairs, Riara University, Nairobi, Kenya Models for predicting pseudothecium maturity and ascospore release of Phyllosticta spp. Lungiswa Nkonki in South African citrus orchards Department of Global Health, Providence Moyo, Susan du Raan, Paul H. Fourie ..................................................................... 78 Stellenbosch University, South Africa Brigitte Senut Occurrence and spread of the banana fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 Natural History Museum, Paris, France in Mozambique Altus Viljoen, Diane Mostert, Tomas Chiconela, Ilze Beukes, Connie Fraser, Jack Dwyer, Benjamin Smith Centre for Rock Art Research and Henry Murray, Jamisse Amisse, Elie L. Matabuana, Gladys Tazan, Otuba M. Amugoli, Management, University of Western Ana Mondjana, Antonia Vaz, Anria Pretorius, Sheryl Bothma, Lindy J. Rose, Fen Beed, Australia, Perth, Australia Fazil Dusunceli, Chih-Ping Chao & Agustin B. Molina ................................................................ 88 Himla Soodyall Academy of Science of South Africa, Establishment of Beauveria bassiana isolates as endophytes in rice cultivars and their South Africa biocontrol efficacy against rice stem borer, Sesamia calamistis Lyn Wadley Wonroo B.A. Bancole, Mark D. Laing, Kwasi S. Yobo & Abou Togola ......................................... 99 School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of the Witwatersrand, South Africa tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Cherryl Walker Mapula T.P. Hlokwe, Mapotso A. Kena & David N. Mamphiswana .............................................. 108 Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Stellenbosch University, Benefits of maize resistance breeding and chemical control against northern leaf blight South Africa in smallholder farms in South Africa Published by Dave K. Berger, Tumisang Mokgobu, Katrien de Ridder, Nanette Christie & the Academy of Science of Theresa A.S. Aveling ................................................................................................................. 113 South Africa (www.assaf.org.za) with financial assistance from the Department of Science & Innovation. Design and layout SUN MeDIA Bloemfontein T: 051 444 2552 E: [email protected] Correspondence and enquiries [email protected] Copyright All articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence. Copyright is retained by the authors. Disclaimer The publisher and editors accept no responsibility for statements made by the authors. Submissions Submissions should be made at www.sajs.co.za Cover caption This special issue commemorates the International Year of Plant Health 2020 and will serve as an excellent source of the latest research, reviews and commentaries from leading plant pathologists and entomologists in South Africa. It will inform not only plant pathologists and food growers, but also policymakers and the public of the importance of plant health. As Mirko Montuori (UN Food and Agriculture Organization) states in his Commentary, ‘…our own health depends on plants while the health of plants depends on us’. Celebrating the International Year of Plant Health 2020 (IYPH 2020) The COVID-19 pandemic clearly illustrates the impact of a microbial Victoria Pastor from Jaume I University in Spain reviewed two volumes disease outbreak on the human population. Throughout the course of of the book Plant Health Under Biotic Stress’, edited by Dr Rizwan Ali human history, microbial plant diseases and insect pests have had a Ansari and Dr Irshad Mahmood. Volume 1 focuses on organic strategies similar impact, resulting in loss of life due to food shortages. Notable while Volume 2 examines microbial
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