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Home , Heuchera, Lepuropetalon, Ribes, Ribes curvatum, Saxifraga, Tiarella cordifolia

Journal of the Academy of Science

Volume 31 Article 33

1977 Notes on Edwin B. Smith University of Arkansas

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Recommended Citation Smith, Edwin B. (1977) "Notes on Saxifragaceae," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 31 , Article 33. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol31/iss1/33

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Notes on the Arkansas Saxifragaceae EDWIN B. SMITH Department of Botany &Bacteriology University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701

ABSTRACT Over half of the Arkansas members of the Saxifragaceae are notable due to unusual morphology or distribution within the state. They range from the inconspicuous Lepuropeta- Ion spathulatum (AAuhl.) Ell. to the conspicuous Hydrangea arborescens L. Several genera (, , Philadephus, ) include with highlyrestricted ranges in Ark- ansas, and one includes a single species, Mitella diphylla L., known in Arkansas only from Stone County. Special attention is called to problems in and Heuchera, and a modi- fied treatment of Heuchera arkansana is proposed. An annotated list and list of excluded names for the Arkansas Saxifragaceae is included.

INTRODUCTION arkansana Rydb. and H. villosa Michx. var. macrorhiza (Small Rosend., Butt. &Lak. (see Table I). Spongberg (1972) noted that H Over half of the Arkansas members of the Saxifragaceae are not- arkansana is closely allied to H. villosa var. macrorhiza. Heuchera able due to unusual morphology or unusual distribution within the arkansana Rydb. was described (Small&Rydberg, 1905) on the bases state. They range from the diminutive and inconspicuous of blade shape, shape of the teeth on the leaf, and the length o Lepuropetalon spathulatum (Muhl.)Ell. (often only 4-8 mm tall) to the flowering branches: blades broadly reniform,—teeth broadly the conspicuously flowering Hydrangea arborescens L.(about 1-2 m ovate and mucronate, flowering branches 1-2 dm high versus blades tall). Several genera (Heuchera, Parnassia, Philadelphus, Ribes) in- cordate to orbicular-cordate, teeth triangular, floweringbranches 2-6 clude species with highly restricted ranges in Arkansas. Mitella dm high in// villosa. As treated bymost authors today, // villosa in diphylla L.is known in Arkansas only from Stone County. Attention eludes the variety macrorhiza (Small) Rosend., Butt. & Lak., with is called to some problems in the Arkansas Saxifraga and Heuchera leaf shape and lobes similar to those inH. arkansana. The teeth of the and an annotated list and a list of excluded names for the Arkansas of var. macrorhiza may be more triangular (less mucronate Saxifragaceae is provided. than those of the leaves of //. arkansana, but this character is by no means clear-cut. With the exceptions of less pubescent calyx and shorter flowering branches, H. arkansana would make a perfectly PROBLEMS INSAXIFRAGAANDHEUCHERA good H. villosa var. macrorhiza. These two differences are not, inmy opinion, sufficient for separation of // arkansana from //. villosa at The common Saxifraga of northern Arkansas is S. palmera Bush the species level. Wells (1977, personal comm.), a graduate student (cf. Spongberg, 1972). This species is not, however, covered in the at the U. of working on a biosystematic study of of Missouri (Steyermark, 1963) and other commonly used Heuchera of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, agrees manuals ofour area (Radford et al., 1968; Correll &Johnston, 1970; that // arkansana should be merged with // villosa (she is inclined to Fernald, 1950; Small, 1903, 1933). Consequently, most material of5. submerge var. macrorhiza in var. villosa, a step with which Iwould palmeri in Arkansas is misidentified as S. virginiensis. Saxifraga not presently agree). Because of the consistency of the differences palmeri is covered (as S. "virginiana" var. subintegra Goodman) in between H. arkansana and H. villosa var. macrorhiza and the differ- Waterfall (1969) but is not distinguished from S. virginiensis in that ences inrange (II. arkansana endemic to the Arkansas Ozark region; manual. The species S. palmeri and S. virginiensis are separated by H. villosa var.macrorhiza more eastern and northern), it is suggested the followingdifferences (Steyermark, 1959): that H.arkansana be treated as a variety ofH. villosa: Michx. var. arkansana (Rydb.) E.B. Smith, S. palmeri S. virginiensis COMB. NOV. Leaves entire or nearly so Leaves crenate-dentate H.arkansana Rydb. In Small, J.K. and P. A. Rydberg Pedicels glabrous or glabrate Pedicels mostly glandular- 1905. Saxifragaceae. North Amer. Flora 22(2):101. Scapes withmostly non- pubsecent N.Y. Bot. Gard. TYPE: : Arkansas: glandular hairs Scapes glandular-pubescent Benton Co. Shady cliffs,near Springdale. J. W. Blank- inship, s.n. Aug.16, 1895. GH!).Note: The terminal Some collections of S. palmeri innorthern Arkansas (withslightly lobes of the leaves on the type specimen are about as denticulate leaves or somewhat glandular pubescence) appear to be long as wide, incontrast withmost collections Ihave somewhat contaminated withS. virginiensis, but Ihave seen onlytwo seen which have terminal leaf lobes about twice as wide Arkansas collections that are clearly S. virginiensis: P.O. Money as long. Apparently the leaf lobing character is not 68.Pulaski Co. Rich wooded north-facing slope about 0.4 miles south always consistent. of Interstate 40 at Shillcut Bayou Bridge. March 12, 1974. NE La. U. , Monroe, La.; L.R. Stobaugh 45. Pulaski Co. 4 mi. E. of ANNOTATEDLISTOF THE ARKANSAS SAXIFRAGACEAE Fort Roots in N. Little Rock. Wooded hillside. April2, 1969. Ark. Inthe followinglist the distribution in Arkansas is indicated, fol- Tech. U.Herbarium, Russellville, Ark. lowed bycitation of one voucher specimen. The voucher specimens A recent findofa Heuchera in Arkansas with a glabrous calyx (the are on file at the U. of Arkansas Fayetteville Herbarium, unless standard keys offer a choice of calyx villous or calyx glandular) led to otherwise indicated. Several of these taxa were not listed for a detailed examination of the Arkansas Heuchera (and some material Arkansas bySpongberg (1972). borrowed from the U.of , Athens, Ga.). The glabrous-calyx is clearly a form of H. villosa Michx. var. villosa, similar in L. var. brevipetala Rosend., Butt.&Lak. other aspects to that variety (Table I).The most recent monograph of Garland, Hot Springs, Logan, Ouachita & Pulaski Cos.; Heuchera (Rosendahl et al., 1936) did notlist H. villosa for Arkansas, Mtis5055. but this glabrous-calyx form of H. villosa var. villosa had notbeen Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rosend., collected inthe state as of 1936. Spongberg (1972) also did notlist H. Butt.&Lak. villosa forArkansas. NWV3(+ Jefferson Co.); Moore 4101 13. The examination of the Arkansas and Georgia material of Bartl. Cos.; Heuchera convinced me that there are few differences between H. Izardand Stone Moore 540734.

100 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXI,1977 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1977 100 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 31 [1977], Art. 33 Edwin B. Smith

Heuchera puberula Mackenz. &Bush Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. var.intectus (Beadle) Rehd. Cleburne, Conway, Dallas & Van Buren Cos.; AAoore This variety, listed by Demaree (1943), is considered 420270. synonymous with the species. Heuchera villosa AAichx.var.arkansana (Rdyb.) E. B. Smith Ribes americana Mill. Benton, Faulkner &Washington Cos.; Demaree 4560. This species, listed by Demaree (1943), is a more north- Heuchera villosa AAichx.var. villosa ern species (cf. Fernald, 1950) not represented in any Benton, Cleburne, Newton &Pope Cos.; Smith 3096. Arkansas material Ihave seen. Hydrangea arborescens L. Nutt. var. ozarkanum Fassett N% (+OuachitaCo.); Smith 1496. The var. ozarkanum intergrades with typical material to Itea virginica L. the extent that it is probably not worth recognizing. SE3/5; Moore 480193. cordifolia L. Lepuropetalon spathulatum (Muhl.)Ell. We have no voucher material ot this species from Arkan- SV4; Moore &lltis 53159. sas. Itwas listed by Demaree (1943), but until authentic Mileila diphylla L. voucher material is located Iam considering itexcluded. Stone Co.; Smith 1777. Parnassia grandifolia DC. LITERATURE CITED E. Ozark region; Lipscomb347. Penthorum sedoides L. CORRELL, D.S. and M.C.JOHNSTON. 1970. Manual of the vascu- General; Miller605. lar of (Cont. Texas Research Foundation, vol. 6), Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. Renner, Tex. 1881 pp. N-central; Tucker 8485. Philadelphus inodorus L. DEMAREE, D. 1943. A catalogue of the vascular plants ofArkansas. Logan Co.; Demaree 35281 (SMU Herbarium, Dallas, Taxodium 1(0:1-88. Tex.). Philadelphus pubescens Loisel FERNALD, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual ofBotany, 8th ed. American NW Ribes cynosbati L. Hill,N.C.I183 pp. LoganS. Polk Cos.; lltis 5055a. Ribes missouriense Nutt. ROSENDAHL, CO., F.K. BUTTERS and O. LAKELA.1936. A Ozark region; Justis 56. monograph of the Heuchera. Minn. Studies inPlant Ser- Ribes odoratum Wendl. f. ence vol. 2. U.Minn.Press, Minneapolis, Minn. Ozark region; Bush 15429A. Saxifraga palmeribush SMALL,J.K. 1903. Flora of the southeastern United States. N.Y. NW Vi;Lipscomb346. Bot.Garden, Bronx, N.Y.1394 pp. Saxifraga texana BuckI. Benton, Bradley, Drew, Pulaski, Sebastian &Washing- 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. N.Y. Bot. ton Cos.; Moore 410019. Garden, Bronx, N.Y.1554 pp. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Pulaski Co.; Stobaugh 45 (Ark. Tech. U. Herbarium, SMALL,J.K. and P. A. RYDBERG. 1905. Saxifragaceae. North Russellville, Ark.). Amer. Flora 22(2):81-158. N.Y.Bot. Garden, Bronx, N.Y.

EXCLUDEDNAMES SPONGBERG, S.A. 1972. The genera of Saxifragaceae in the south- eastern United States. J. Arn. Arb. 53:409-498. Heuchera americana L. var.interior Rosend., Butt&Lak. We have specimens that would key to this entity, from STEYERMARK, J.A. 1959. The taxonomic status of Saxifraga Conway, Garland, Johnson &LittleRiver Cos. However, palmeri. Brittonia 11:71-77. these are intermediate between var. brevipetala and var. hirsuticaulis, and probably represent hybrids between . 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State U. Press, Ames, la. those two varieties. 1728 pp. Hydrangea arborescens L. var. deamii St. John The several varieties (including this one) and forms TUCKER, G.E. 1976. Aguide to the woody flora of Arkansas. Ph.D. listed by Steyermark (1963) are probably not worth Dissertation, Dept. ofBotany &Bact., Uof Arkansas at Fayette- recognizing (cf. Tucker, 1976). ville,Fayetteville, Ark.356 pp. Parnassia caroliniana Michx. Reports of this in Arkansas are probably based on misi- WATERFALL,U.T. 1969. Keys to the flora of . Student dentifiedP. grandifolia DC. Spongberg (1972) indicated the UnionBookstore, Oklahoma State U., Stillwater, Okl. 246 pp. range of P. caroliniana was North and , Florida, and Mississippi. WELLS,E.F. 1977. Personal communication.

XXXI, Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. 1977 101 http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol31/iss1/33 101 r Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 31 [1977], Art. 33 Notes on the Arkansas Saxifragaceae

Table 1.Acomparison of the Arkansas and the Atlantic H. villosa var. villosa, and ofH. arkansana and H. villosa var. macrorhiza. VAR.VILLOSA VAR.VILLOSA

VAR.VILLOSA VAR.VILLOSA H.ARKANSANA1 H.VILLOSAVAR CHARACTER (Atlanticrace) (Arkansas race) MACRORHIZA

Pubescence of sparsely tomedium glabrous (but sparsely to densely villous calyx villous ciliate on calyx medium villous lobes)

Peduncle long(about 20-50 cm) long(about 20-50 short (about long (about length cm) 7-15 cm) 20-50 cm) Leaf lobes sharp; terminal lobes sharp; terminal blunt; terminal blunt; terminal about as longas wide lobe about as lobe about twice lobe about twice longas wide as wide as long as wide as long

Pubescence of sessile or nearly sessile or nearly stipitate and stipitate and the axis of the sessile glands sessile glands sessile glands sessile glands (longest hairs about (longest hairs about (longest hairs about (longest hairs about 0.05-0. 1mm long) 0.05-0. 1mm long) 0.2-0.4 mm long) 0.2-0.4 mm long) Pubescence of medium-pubescent medium-pubescent rather densely rather densely lower surface withhairs confined with hairs confined pubescent, with pubescent, with of the leaves mostly or entirely mostly or entirely hairs on and be- hairs onand between to the major veins to the major veins tween the major the major veins veins

Pubescence of subglabrous, with subglabrous, with moderately to moderately to upper surface scattered appressed scattered appressed densely pubescent, densely pubescent, of the leaves hairs hairs with ascending withascending hairs hairs

Range Virginiaand West Ozark region of Ozark region of Virginia and West Virginiato Georgia, Arkansas Arkansas Virginia to Georgia, and (endemic) (endemic) Alabama, Tennessee

'To be renamed Heuchera villosaMichx. var. arkansana (Rydb.) E. B. Smith

Proceedings, XXXI, 102 Arkansas Academy of Science Vol. 1977 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1977 102