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The Legend of Violin Education in China

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Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Fall 2018 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Fall 2018 Lin Yaoji: The Legend of Violin Education in China Bihan Li Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2018 Part of the Chinese Studies Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Li, Bihan, "Lin Yaoji: The Legend of Violin Education in China" (2018). Senior Projects Fall 2018. 39. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_f2018/39 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lin Yaoji—The Legend of Violin Education in China Senior Project Submitted to The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College by Bihan Li Annandale-on-Hudson, New York December 2018 Acknowledgements Thanks to my advisors, Jindong Cai, Li-hua Ying, and Robert Martin, who have helped me make this project possible. They gave me great inspirations, constructive advice, and constant encouragement. Thanks to my violin teachers, Weigang Li, Laurie Smukler, Jinzhou Zhang, who have given me valuable guidance on the writing of violin techniques. Thanks to my friends, including Lin Yaoji’s daughter, Lin Wei, who has provided me with clues and information for my research. Thanks to my parents who have given me unlimited support and understanding. Thanks to my best friend, my violin, the most loyal listener and reader that has accompanied me through this year. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………….…………………1 Chapter 1 Lin Yaoji’s Legendary Life……………………………………………………………4 Chapter 2 Lin Yaoji’s Teaching Methods…..……………………………………………………24 Chapter 3 Success and Limitations………………………………………………………………59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….72 Work Cited……………………………………………………………………………………….75 !1 Introduction The violin in its present form emerged in early 16th-century northern Italy. After several centuries, it has gradually become well known in the world and has been crowned as the queen of classical music. In recent decades, a large number of violin students have appeared in China. Among them are the winners of international violin competitions, violinists who work in the world's top orchestras, and violin professors who hold positions in famous conservatories. For instance, Hu Kun, who was born in China just before the Cultural Revolution, won the fifth prize of the Sibelius International Violin Competition in 1980. As the first Chinese citizen to win a prize at a major international violin competition, he is a professor of violin at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Xue Wei, who won the silver medal at the Moscow Tchaikovsky Competition, the Sonata prize and Orchestra and Audience prize at the Carl Flesch International Violin Competition, is now a violin professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in China. Chai Liang, who won the first National Violin Competition for Arts Institutions in China, the second prize at Yehudi Menuhin International Violin Competition in England, and the third Japan International Music Competition, currently serves as chairman of the String Department at the China Central Conservatory of Music. Several of the outstanding violinists mentioned above have studied with the same teacher, Lin Yaoji, who is known as the legendary “godfather” of violin education in China. The main purpose of this paper is to present Lin Yaoji, the leading figure of Chinese violin education to readers, and do an analysis of his successful teaching methods for Chinese !2 students. There are three chapters in this paper: Lin’s biography, an interpretation of his teaching methods, and an analysis of his success. In the first chapter, Lin’s life experience will be fully revealed. As a person who set a significant milestone in Chinese violin education, Lin Yaoji should not only have amazing achievements in teaching that are highly recognized, but also his personality, which is supposed to be affected by his growing environment and his educational background, must have an essential impact on his success. But so far, no books have been published in English. In this chapter, his legendary life will be fully documented for the first time ever. Thus, this chapter is basically an objective collection of some articles about him and people’s memoirs of him. Furthermore, it provides useful information for the analysis of his teaching methods, his success and his limitations in subsequent chapters. After viewing Lin’s life, the readers will have a thorough understanding of his teaching methods in the second chapter. The teaching methods with distinctive Chinese characteristics are presented in three categories: philosophical teaching ideas, verbal formulas and artistic cultivation. Among them, his most influential formulas, which should be regarded as the cornerstone of Chinese violin education, will be explained out of China and be presented to people all over the world in English, in order to contribute to the exchange of the violin education between China and other countries. The last chapter is an analysis of Lin’s success and his limitations. This chapter will mainly analyze from a historical perspective, which corresponds to his life as described in the first chapter. This period of history not only affected Lin’s life, but also played a vital role in the development of China in recent decades. In addition, the analysis of his teaching methods will !3 also be inserted in this chapter. On the basis of the second chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of his teaching methods will be further discussed. At the end of this chapter, the author will combine a series of factors, such as political, cultural and historical aspects, to make a summary of current violin education in China. Through these three chapters, the author hopes that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of Lin Yaoji and a preliminary understanding of violin education in China. !4 Chapter 1 Lin Yaoji’s Legendary Life Lin’s Music Dream Lin Yaoji was born in Taishan, 80 miles from the city of Guangzhou, on May 19th, 1937. His great-grandfather emigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century. His grandfather, Lin Dejian, used to run a laundry in Detroit, and soon after, he turned to running a restaurant called “Taishan Restaurant”. Because of his great-granfather, Lin Yaoji’s father, Lin Quanbin (1905-1972), was born in Taishan County, Guangdong Province as a Chinese-American citizen. When little Quanbin was eight years old, he went to Detroit, Michigan united with, his father and brothers. He studied architecture and accounting in college, and worked in the “Taishan Restaurant” during his spare time. Due to the impact of the Great Depression, “Taishan Restaurant” could not continue to operate. In 1930, Lin Dejian sold the restaurant and returned to Guangzhou with his family. Soon after returning home, Lin Quanbin met Lin Yaoji’s mother, Zhao Weixiao, and married to her. Lin Yaoji’s parents were both American Chinese and believed in Christianity. They met at a Baptist Church and had two children after marriage. One is a daughter, Lin Aijie, born in 1935. The other one is Lin Yaoji, born two years later. Because of the family background, Western culture had greatly affected Lin Yaoji. His father Lin Quanbin, who was an overseas businessman, always brought back a lot of American household goods from Detroit, as well as a lot of books and records. Lin Quanbin was also !5 accustomed to speaking English at home. Love terms like "darling" often hanged on his lips. Because of his father’s influence, Lin Yaoji was invaded by western culture from an early age. Lin Yaoji’s love for music was also closely related to his family. Because his mother was a very devout Christian, he often participated in "Baptist" church activities with his family. Religious music not only had a great impact on him, but also provided him with the opportunity to sing. Since then, Lin Yaoji’s love for music had been running through his life. His love for music also came from his father's influence on him. Besides being a businessman, Lin Quanbin was also a music and fine arts lover. His love for Cantonese music and Lingnan paintings also increased Lin Yaoji's love for arts and music1. Because Lin grew up in such an artistic family, he had many dreams of being an artist. Among all these dreams, being a musician was his greatest dream at that time. The most influential factor which attracted Lin’s longing for music was two early Hollywood films. One is The Magic Bow, a 1946 British musical film based on the life and loves of the Italian violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini,and the other one is The Great Waltz , a 1938 American biographical film based very loosely on the life of Johann Strauss II. Lin was deeply impressed by the violin playing of Master Yehudi Menuhin portrait in the movie as Paganini, and the theme song "One day when we are young" sung by the heroine in the movie The Great Waltz. These two movies brightened up the thirteen-year-old boy’s passion for classical music2. 1 Guangdong Musical Instrument Associate, Guangdong Musical Instrument Associate, 2014, chinamusicindustry.com.cn/showworld.asp?id=2446. 2 Xuejun Song, “Opening Up a New World for Chinese Violin Education - Professor Lin Yaoji [开辟中国 小提琴教育的新天地——记林耀基教授],” Art Education [艺术教育], no.8 (1998), 17.
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