Section II - LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS NlrTle of Applicant

1. Applicant is: "heck etle bu bel..1

o (I) goverrmental or publiC educational agency, board or institution

o (b) private nonprofit educational inStitution

o (c) Other h,ecilyl Exhibit No. 2. For applicants 1(c} on~, describe in an Exhibit the nature and educational purposes of the applicant.

3. For applicants 1(c} app~ing for a new noncorrrnercial educational television station on~, describe in an IExhibit No. EXhibit how the applicant's officers, directors and members of its governing board are broad~ representative of the educational, cultural and civic segments of the principal corrmunity to be served.

4. Describe in an Exhibit how the proposed station will be used, in accordance with 47 C.F.R. Section IEXhibit No. 73.503 or Section 73.621, for the advancement of an educational progrlrTl.

5. Is there any provision contained in any by-laws, articles of incorporation, partnerShip agreement, Charter, 0 Yes 0 No statute or Other document which would restrict the applicant in advancing an educational program or comp~ing with any Corrrnission rule, policy or provision of the Corrrnunications Act of 1934, as lrTlended'

If Yes, provide particulars in an Exhibit. IExhibit No.

CITIZENSHIP AND OTHER STATUTORY REOUIREMENTS

6. (a) Is the applicant In violation of the prOVisions of Section 310 of the Corrrnunications Act of 1934, 0 Yes D No as lrTlended, relating to interests of aliens and foreign governments' (See Instruction B to Section II,)

(b) Will any funds, credits or other financial assistance for the construction, purchase or operation of 0 Yes D No the stallon(s) be prOVided by ahens, foreign entitles, domestic entitles controlled by aliens, or their agents' Exhibit No. If the answer to (b) above is Yes, attach an Exhibit giving full disclosure concerning this assistance. I

7. (a) Has an adverse finding been made or an adverse final action taken by any court or administrative bOdy 0 Yes 0 No with respect to the applicant or parties to the application in a civil or crminal proceeding, brought under the provisions Of any law related to the following: any felony; mass media related antitrust or unfair competition; fraudulent statements to another governmental unit; or discrmination'

(b) Is there now pending in any court or administrative body any proceeding inVOlVing any of the matters 0 Yes 0 No referred to in (a) above'

If the answer to (I) and/or (b) above is Yes, attach as an EXhibit a full disclosure of the persons and IExhibit No. matters invOlVed, inCluding an identification of the court or administrative body and the proceeding (by dates and file numbers), a statement of the facts upon which the proceeding is or was based Or the nature of the offense alleged or corrrnitted, and a description of the current status or disposition Of the matter. Where the requisite information has been earlier disclOsed in connection with another application or as required by 47 U.S.C. Section 1.65(c) in the case of adjudicated proceedings, the applicant need only provide: (i) an identification of that previous submission bV reference to the file number in the case of an application, the call letters of the station regarding which the application or Section 1.65 mformation was filed, and the date of filing; and (ii) a description of the current status or disposition of the previously reported malter.

FCC 3.0 (Page 2) February '~92 Section II - LEGAL QUALIFICATIONS (Plge 2)

PARTIES TO APPLICATION e. Complete the fOllowing Table with respect to all parties to this applicatiOn:

CNOTE: If the eppllcant considers that to furnish complete information wOuld pose an unreasonable burden, it may request that the CommissiOn waive the strict terms of thiS requirement with appropriate justification.)

INSTRUCTIONS: If eppllcant Is a corporation or an unincorporated assoc.tlon with &0 or fewer stockholders, stock aub8Crlbers, holders of membership certlflcatel or other ownership Interests, fill out all cokrnns, giving the information requested as to all officers, directors and members of governing board..... addition, give the information as to all persons or entities who are the beneficial or record owners of or have the right to vote capital stock. membership or ownership interests or are subscribers to such interests. If the eppllcant hal more than &0 stockholders, stock sublcrlbers or holder. of membership certificates or other owner.hlp Interests, furniSh the information as to officers, directors, members of governing board, and all persons or entities who are the beneficial or record owners of or have the right to vote 1"1. or more of the capital stOCk, membership or ownership interests. If eppllcant II a governmental or pub lic educational ..ency. board or Institution, fill out cokmns (v. (b), and (c) as to all members of the governing board and chief executive officers.

Director or % of: Member of OwnerShip (0) or Governing Name and Residence Office Held Voting Stock (VS) or Board Address(es) Membership (M) YES NO (a) (b) (c) (d)

FCC 340 (Page 3) February 11192 ATTACHMENT 4 tx"'::C':t It-'------~arne I)f AppJir.ant COMMUNITY TELEVISION OF SOU'I'HER!~ CALIFORNIA

1. (a) Applicant is: (Check one box below) o a general partnerlhip operating on a nonprofit basis iii a nonprofit corporation D a limited pertnershlp operating on a nonprofit bas~ o Other (specify) o a govemmental or public educational agency or institution

If the applicant Is an unincorporated association or a 1eg~1 enti~ other than a partnership. nonprofit corporation. or a govemmental or public educational agency or Institution. describe in exhibit No. _ the nature of the appIIc8nl

(b) Is the... any provision contained In any by-laws, articles of incorporation, partnenhip r.greement, charter. statute or any other document wtIlch would restrict the applicant In advancing an educational program or complying with any Commluion rule, policy or provision of the Communicatlona Act or 1934, • amended. o YES JO NO

If Yes, provide particulars as exhibit No. _.

(c) Does the applicant certify th.t copies of ,II pertinent documents 88t out In (b) .... in the public Inspec:tion file? 0 YES 0 NO N/A DelIcrlbe In Exhibit No. A- how the proposed station will be used for the advanoement of an educational program. This does apply If applicant is applying for change in facilities.

2. (a) Is the applicant in compliance with the provisions of section 310 of the Communications Act of 1934. as amended....lating to inle""" of aliens and Foreign governments? CI YES 0 NO

(b) WiII.ny funds, credits, etc., fo _ile construction, purchIJae or operation of the atatlon be provided by aliens. foreign entities, domestic entilies controlled by aliens, or their agents? o YES m NO

If yes, provide particulars as Exhibit No. __ .

3. (a) Has er. ~dverse finding been made. adverse final action taken or consent decree approved by any court or administrative body as to the applicant or any party to the applic1l.tion in any civil or criminal proceeding brought under the provisions of any law related to the following sub!'lCts: Any felony, antitrust, unfair competition. fraud, unfair labor practices or discrimination? o YES m NO

(b) Is there now pending in any court or administrative body any proceeding involving any of the matters referred to in (8)? CJ YES mNO

If theanswerto (a) or (b) above is Yes. attach as ExhibitNo. __ •a full disclosureconcemlng thepersona endmatterllnvolved,identify­ ing the court or administrative body and the proceeding (by date. and file numbers), stating thefec* upon wtIlch the proceeding was based or the nature of the offense cornmlttBd. and disposition or cunent status of the matter. ATTACHMENT 5

FACSIMILE COpy OF DECLARATION IS BEING SUBMITTED; ORIGINAL TO BE FILED UPON RECEIPT. PSCLARATION

I, Joanne Sanoian, do hereby declare under penalty of perjury that the following is true and correct:

I prepared the atteched letter to Richard Hildreth, dAted April 30, 1993. The information therein is true and correot to

the best of my knowledge, recoIl , and i,

and Dated this 3rd May, 1993

f" LOOMIS, SANOIAN & GARLAND ATTORNEYS AT LAW

1221 VAN NESS AVENUE

SUITE31Q FRESNO. CALIFORNIA 93721

JOHN E. LOOMIS TELEPHONE (209) 233-6152

,JOANNE SANOIAN FAX (209) 233-6785

JOHN F. GARLAND April 30, 1993

FEDERAL EXPRESS

Richard Hildreth Fletcher, Heald & Hildreth 11th Floor 1300 North 17th Street Rosslyn, Virginia 22209

Re: Community Television of Southern California (CTSC)

Dear Mr. Hildreth:

This letter is sent in response to your request for a legal opinion regarding CTSC's Articles of Incorporation pertaining to its operation of a broadcast station in Bakersfield, California.

I have reviewed Article FOURTH of CTSC's Articles of Incorporation which limits CTSC to "the coordination of educational, cultural, governmental and other interests in the greater Los Angeles area" in order to service "one or more noncommercial educational broadcast facilities in Southern California."

I note initially that CTSC is limited to Southern California and that in coordinating certain specified interests they are limited to those which occur in the greater Los Angeles area. The term "Southern California" is one that describes the geographic area of California lying south of the Tehachapi Mountains and west of the Mojave Desert. While Bakersfield, in Kern County, lies at the Southernmost end of the San Joaquin Valley, that area is referred to as the Great Central Valley, and not "Southern California." "Southern California" is that area lying south of the Tehachapi Mountains and west of the Mojave Desert where Los Angeles is located. On the other hand, Bakersfield lies to the north of the Tehachapi Mountains so by definition, it cannot be considered as being Southern California.

As noted above, the term "Southern California" defines a distinct area end does not refer to the southern half of the state of California. If this were otherwise, the other distinct areas of California, such as the Central Coast and the Central Valley, would not exist. Moreover, "Southern California" would Richard Hildreth April 30, 1993 Page Two not be a defined part of California but that entire part lying south of the latitude dividing the state exactly in half, which line would fall in the vicinity of San Jose, a city located just to the south of San Francisco Bay. Bakersfield is approximately 180 miles south of San Jose and Los Angeles is approximately 320 miles south of San Jose and is approximately 140 miles south of Bakersfield. Based upon that definition, Southern California would also include Fresno which actually lies in the heart of the Central Valley. There is no legal or other support for an interpretation that "Southern California" is the geographical southern half of the state. Rather, Southern California is a term describing a definite geographic area.

In the Articles of Incorporation, the term "greater Los Angeles area" defines the geographic area within which CTSC can operate and therefore is a limit on the breadth of the definition of the term "Southern California" used in CTSC's charter.

It is therefore our opinion that the Articles of Incorporation of CTSC limit it to educational broadcast facilities in an area south of the Tehachapi Mountains and west of the Mojave Desert, an area defined as "Southern California" and in which Los Angeles is located. That area does not include Bakersfield.

It is my understanding that this opinion will be used in connection with CTSC's pending application before the Federal Communications Commission.

yours,

Joann LOOMI' ,

JS:mg ATTACHMENT 6

FACSIMILE COPY OF DECLARATION IS BEING SUBMITTED; ORIGINAL TO BE FILED UPON RECEIPT. .. ~. , .~~.

-XMWQI 1, David p~ioe %11, do h.~.by 4.clare ~nd.r penalty of p.r~~ry that the ~Ql1owin, 1. tru. An4 Qo¥r.ctl

: prlp4reG the att&ch.~ le;ter to ~c~.zd H11dr.th, dAted Aptil 30, 1~13. Th. in!o:m.tiQn th.:lift i. trul and co:reat to tb. b.at 0: my kncwl.dVI, recoll.ction, an' bel!.t. ~.... ~~~ ,~ "1:fu ,Jo:m.~---- 3609 Lancer Drive Bakersfield, CA 93306 April 30, 1993

MR. RICHARD HILDRETH, Esquire Fletcher, Heald and Hildreth Attorneys at Law 11th Floor 1300 North 17th Street Rosslyn, VA 22209

Dear Mr. Hildreth:

It has come to my attention that you are interested in the identification of some of the key distinguishing factors that serve to differentiate Los Angeles and Southern California from the greater Bakersfield area. Some rather significant differences do exist.

I am currentIy the Assistant Director of the Kern County Resource Management Agency and am the former Assistant Planning Director for the County. In both of these capacities, I have had the opportunity to note the various socio-economic characteristics of both our local residents as well as those of adjoining population centers in Southern California.

Our population is not as racially or ethnically diverse as in Southern California and the ar-ea of Los Angeles, leading to a higher concentration among a fewer number of minori ty groups. Our labor force does not share the high percentage of manufacturing jobs as exists in Los Angeles, but has a higher percentage of workers involved in agricultural and mineral field production activities. Our median income figures do not mirror those of Los Angeles, nor does our index of living costs. Our median priced home, for example, is less than half the cost of the Los Angeles median priced home. The result of all this is a different attitude about life, the land and our values.

A major differentiating factor is the profound sense of separation represented by the mountain range dividing the San Joaquin Valley from Los Angeles and Southern California. The Tehachapi Mountains serve as geographic divider, creating a physical as well as a psycholo<]ical barrier regarding matters related to Los Angeles and Southern California.

In a very real sense, many of our residents believe that the mountains are helping to hold back the tide of negative connotations that Los Angeles, and to some extent, Southern California represents. Central. Valley PeOple cherish the more rural, smaller town, localized cultural emphasis that is found in our San Joaquin Valley commun.Hies and what has been characterized as the "valley way of life". The homogeneity and connnonality of interests and values we share with other valley communHies stands in stark contrast to what many here believe is the Los Angeles way of life and that of much of what is defined as "Southern California" . MR. RICHARD HILDRETH, Esquire April 30, 1993 Page 2

The Central Valley in which BakersfieJd is located is not "Southern California" as that term is used. Los Angeles definitely is, but, as I noted above, the Tehachapi Mountain range divides the "Central Valley" area from that area identified as "Southern Ca.l.ifornia". Both areas have definite identifying characteristics and are quite djssimilar in character, population and socio­ economic matters.

Very truly yours, ~~ DAVID PRICE III ATTACHMENT 7

FACSIMILE COpy OF DECLARATION IS BEING SUBMITTED; ORIGINAL TO BE FILED UPON RECEIPT. DECLARATI ON

I. William E. Rice. do hereby declare under penalty of perjury

that the following is tr~e and correct:

I prepared the attac~ed letter to Richard Hildreth. dated April 30. 1993. The informat;on therein is true and correct to the best of my knowledge. recollection, and belief.

Wi~'

ttJ) Signed this 3 day of MN'1 . 1993 CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY • FRESNO

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES Department of Marketing and Logistics

5245 North Backer Avenue Fresno, California 93740-0007 (209) 278-7830 • FAX (209) 278-4911

April 30, 1993

Richard Hildreth Fletcher, Heald and Hildreth Attorneys at Law - 11th Floor 1300 N. 17th St. Rosslyn, VA 22209

Dear Mr. Hildreth:

I am a market researcher and full Professor of Marketing. I have performed or

have been actively involved in over 400 research projects in the State of

California. Some of these research projects have been performed in or

included information collected from the Los Angeles basin, Southern California

and western Kern County. In comparing these areas, I have found significant

differences in the demographic, psychographic, buyergraphic, and geographic

variables of their respective populations. The following is a short summary

of my observations and collected published material.

AREA OF EMPHASIS LA BASIN WESTERN KERN CO.

1. Geographic Urbanisuburban Rural 2. Home ownership High rental Low rental

3. Political emphasis Liberal Conservative 4. Employment base Manufacturing/service Agricultural/raw materials

5. Economic emphasis Current indexes Seasonal productivity 6. Buyer focus Brand choice Economy focus

7. Education Graduation focus Skill focus 8. Social focus Defensive Cooperative

9. Time focus Drive time Productive time 10. Information focus Crisis/emergency Opportunity/future

11. Community involvement Low/segmented High/integrated 12. Regional identity Southern California Central California

THE CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY page 2 - Hildreth letter

The "regional identity" is also supported by geographical and socio-economic factors. Bakersfield and Kern County are not considered to be in "Southern

California" but in "Central California and more specifically, the Central

Valley of California. On the other hand, Southern California, which includes

Los Angeles and its environs, has its own separate and distinct geographical identification. Research involving regional studies so differentiate these two areas as well as other defined areas such as the "Central Coast" and the

"San Francisco Bay" area.

I have not found that the term "Southern California", as regularly used, refers to the southern half of the state but to the part of California south of Bakersfield and the Techachapi Mountains and between the desert and the

Pacific Ocean.

Sincerely,

Dr. William E. Rice Professor of Marketing

WER:gmk ATTACHMENT 8 1

• crossin• a erlca Directed and Designed hy Hans Johannes Hoefer Edited hy Rohert Seidenherg Photography by Joe Viesti

APA PRODUCTIONS the state's II th mission. But Lompoc THE PACIFIC shows its true face across town-and an COAST HIGHWAY extraordinarv one it is. The cultivated fields on the outskirts of town are a veritable houquet of magentas. pinks. Santa Barbara marks the arbitrary golds and purples. Lompoc's flower border of Southern California, beyond fields. glorious hands of color reaching which the influence of Los Angeles toward~the mountains in either direl~ wanes. At Gaviota. US Highway 101 tion. supply the nation with floral seeds. veers abruptly to confront the inland mountains. suggesting the rural charac­ Legends of clams the size of dinner ter of communities from here to San plate~ lend Pismo Reach an air of mys­ Francisco. terv. '"That was a long time ago." Just beyond. the Pacific Coast High­ uttered with a faraway 100~k in the e~yes. way (State Highway I) cuts across the is the common local response to such gentle Santa Ynez range toward the tales. Long ago indeed: upon inquiry colorful fields of Lompoc. The coast into Pismo's clammy past. one wonders reappears at Pismo with an impressive just what all the fuss is ahout. panorama of hlue water curving around The clams. smaller than dinner plates a duned heach. bordercd hy cultivated hut plentiful nonetheless. disappeared fields that reach toward the distant in the early I <)~()s. Unrestrained har­ mountains. From here State I continues vesting and predatory sea otters, newly along the water's edge to San Simeon. protected by law, obliterated the bi­ site of William Randolph Hearst's pala­ valve population. tial ahode. One would expect economic disaster to follow the disappearance of Pismo's Myth of Tradition claim to fame. Instead. the sole effect Spanish seems to have heen an increase in shell­ roofs in The most striking aspect of Santa fish prices at local restaurants. What Santa Barbara is its distinctive Mediterranean remains in the wake of the Pismo clam Barbara. architecture. Other amenities make this Southern California's favorite resort town: miles of beaches, ideal hang glid­ ing cliffs. a cosmopolitan collection of boutiques. But the ubiquitous white­ washed adobe, tile roofing and iron grill­ work permeate Santa Barbara with a charming, and quite unique, sense of historical immediacy. The joke. as usual, is on the tourist. Santa Barbara's Andalusian past is not a lingering heritage but an utter fabrica­ tion. As one local journalist has written. "the city and its architects were ahle to create ~I myth of a tradition. which turned out to be far more believahk than the realities of factual historv." Factual historv has it that an'ener­ getic woman named Pearl Chase. arriv­ ing in 1909. was distressed by the shah­ by appearance of her new home. When an earthquake leveled the town in IY25 Chase sprang into action, founding the Architectural Board of Review to draft a new building code. Today Santa Bar­ hara's commercial huildings //llist have tile roofs and stucco exteriors white­ washed in one of three approved shades. Sleepy Lompoc, reached via the Paci­ fic Coast Highway, is ennobled bv the presence of the La Purisma Conceplion...... Coloncl Josiah. 71 Stolle M..taIn Pwk. 188 Troy. 43. 45. 110 ...... Nadoal Forest. 113 StoudenmIre. Marshall Dallas. 234 trucker. 30-31. 185 SacnrbinI. Utah. 107 St. Paul. 70. 75 Tucson. 241 . 249-250 Saowlllllll. Colorado. 107 St. Paul's WlnterCamlval. 72 Tujunga Canyon. 277 Soddy Hill. 140 Sullivan. Louis H. 59. 61 Tularosa Valley. 237 !OIcUerin&. 71 Summer of42. 289 Tulip Time Festival (May). 63 Soldiers Pay. 205 SUndance. 89 Tuolumne Rivers. 287 Solomon's Lodge. Savannah. 179 Sun Notches. 295 Turner. Frederick Jackson. 22 Song ofHiawatha. 76 Sunnyside. 40 Tuskegee. 191 SonomaIMendocino. 288 Sunset Cliffs. 272 Tuskegee Normal and Industrial South, TRw. 176-177.203 Superior. Wisconsin. 69 Institute. 191 Deep. 176. 199 Superstition Mountains. 251 Twain. Mark. 22. 25. 26. 203 New. 176. 177 surfers. /67 "Twin Cities". Minnesota. 70 Old. 177 sweet potatoes. 191 Twin Peaks. 285 South Bay. 277 Swilling. Jack. 252 Twitty. Conway. 220 South Carolina. 166 swimmjlll. 167 Tybee Island. Georgia. ISO South Dakota. 75. 76. 77. 82. 83. 89 Syracuse. 48. 49 South Dakota School of Mines and Syracuse University. 49 U Technology. 81 Southern Arizona. 247-251 T UJm Pishkull. 103 Southern California. 278 Umpqua National Forest. 295 Southern Pacilk. 242 Tabasco.213 Umpqua River. 296 Southern Route. 133 Tahquamenon Falls. Michigan. 67.67 Uncle Sam. 4/L Southfork Ranch. 223 Tanglewood. 162 United States. 22. 51. 188. 192.203. Space Center. 238 Taos, New Mexico. 107.240 224 Space Needle. 119 Tarrytown. 40 Unlvenal Studios 276 Spain. 224 tea. 19 University Museum. 142 S~.21. 177. 178.203.229.237. Tecate. 271 University ofCalifornia (UCLA). 275. 284 Tehachapi Mountains. 287. 288 286 S~ ironwork, 205 Tejas.221 University ofChicago. 61 Spearftsh Canyon. 89 Telfair Family Mansion. Savannah. University ofNorth Carolina. 164 Specimen Ridge. 99 179 University ofOregoa. 297 Sp~berJ.Stephen.277.299 tennis see Leisure/Sports/Recreation University ofPennsylvania. 142 Spirit Lake. 302 Terkel. Studs (writer.) 60 University 01 Southcl"ll California Spokane. 113 Teton National Forest. /02 (USC). 275 sports see Leisure/Sports/Recreation Teton Range. 100 University 01 Texas (UT). (San Springfield. 297 Texas. 214. 229 Antonio). 222. 231 Spruu Goose. 277 Texas Pecos Trail. 231 University ofVi"""'. Charlottcsville. Stae's Leap Vineyard. 293 Texas Revolution. 224. 229 156 stalactites. 295 The Gold Rush. (movie). 118 Up from Slav~ry. 191 stalagmites. 295 _ The Grapes ofWrath. 18 Upper Mud Lake. 212 St. Andrew's Course. (golf). 39 Theodore. 199 Upper PenUasuIa. The. Michigan. 63 St. Anthony F..... 71. 73 The Russians Are Coming. 289 U.S. COIIp'eII. 139 "Star Spangled Banner". 147 TMThlnker.141 U.S. Military Academy at West PoInt. "Star Wars" (defense program). 238 The Wild West. 240 41 State 0fIke BuDd"', 43L Three Capes Scenic: Loop. 299 U.S. Mint. Denver. 97 State University. 43 Three Forks. Montana. 102 U.S. Navy Academy. Annapolis. 147 Statue of Liberty. 135. 149 Tlgua Indian Reservation. 235 U.S.S. North Carolina, /65 Statues. timber. 290 U.S.S. North Carolina BattleshIp "The Scout", /0./ / Time. 195 Memorial. 164 "The Golden Fisherman", 20/ Tin Lizzie. 23 Utah. 107 St. Croix River. Wisconsin. 69 tltanothere. 81 Utka.47 steamboat. 204 Too Te Ching. 219 steel. 69. 191 tobacco. 143. 157. /60. 164 V Steelbead. 292 Toledo. 63 Sterrens. Lincoln 279 Tomales Bay. California. 288 Vall. Colorado. 107 S~beck,John. 18.25.27.29.282- Tomb ofthe Unknown Soldier. 153 Van BlIftII. Martin. (eighth U.S. 283.289 Tombstone. 248-249 president.) 42. 253 Stella. Frank. 188 Tonawandas.51 Van Curler. 44 St. Elmo. 200 Tonto National Forest. 251 Vanderbilt MansIon. 41 Steven. George. 42 Torch Lake. 65 Vanderbilts.22 Stevenson. Robert Louis. 293 Tortilla Flat. 251 Van der Robe. Ludwig Mies. 59 St. HeIeR. 302 Townsend. Montana. 102 Van HOI'll. 232 St. Helena. 293 Tranquility Park. 218 Venice. 276 St. Ignace. Michigan. 66-67 trans-American railroad. 284 Verde Valey. 25S St. John de Crevecoeur. J. Hector. 25 Tl'lIIISIUIIerka Pyramid. 285 Vietaam VeteraM Memorial. 151. /52 St. Louis Bay. ("Gateway to the Gulf Trans-Peco Texas. 229 Vleux Cam ("Old Sqare"). 203 Coast"). 201 Transportation Revolution. 17.20.45 Vieux Mardte. 201 St. Martinville. 210 trappers,. 99 vlneyardl.53.64.194 St. Mary. 105 travel. 18.25.26 vlDiculture.53 St. Mary Lake. 105 Travels with Charl~y, 29 VI"",. 155. 157 Stockade. 44 Traverse City. Michigan. 65 VoIUDleer Park. 120 Stone. Edward Durrell. 43 Travis County. 222 "Stoneheage"• 233 Treaty 011868. 84 W Stone Lagoon. 292 Tres HernutnaS. 241 Stone Mountam confederate Trinity River. 223 Walker Art Center. n memorial, /89 Trinity Site. -;'37 Wall. 79-82

Index 337 ATTACHMENT 9

THE LAND

Everyone needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in where nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike. -John Muir, naturalist

LAND FORMS

Why did the movie industry, early in this century, choose to locate in southern California? The agreeable climate and long, sunny days were not the only reasons; most compelling was the fantastic variety of landscapes offered by the Golden State. Vast deserts to Swiss Alps-a movie company could find either just a few hours away. The sand-swept Mojave Desert and California's snow-covered Sierra Madre Mountains are typical of the extremes of beauty to be found in California. Mountains and their valleys give California its great physical diversity. The rugged Klamath and Cascade mountains rise in the north. To the south are the Tehachapi Mountains and the gentler Los Angeles and San Diego ranges. California has two mountain "spines" that run north and south through the state. The Sierra Nevadas stand along the state's eastern border, and the Coast Ranges hug the Pacific shore. The Tehachapi Mountains tie the Sierra Nevadas and the Coast Ranges together; many Californians consider the Tehachapis to be the dividing line between northern and southern California.

10 Ninety-one of everyone hundred residents live in or near a city, making California the nation's second most-urbanized state.

In the Golden State, ninety-one of everyone hundred people live in or near a city, making California the nation's second most­ urbanized state. California has twenty-five cities of 100,000 or more people. Only seven of those cities are inland; the others hug the Pacific Coast. California's ten largest cities, in decreasing order, are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Long Beach, Oakland, Sacramento, Anaheim, Fresno, and Santa Ana. Much of northern California is wooded and sparsely populated. The San Francisco Bay area, by contrast, teems with more than 5 million people. The southern tip of the bay is the state's fastest growing region. More than 60 percent of Californians live in the third of the state that lies south of the Tehachapi Mountains. In the south, people are concentrated in a narrow strip of land that runs between the Coast Ranges and the Pacific Ocean. Los , Angeles, San Diego, and an endless sea of suburbs are packed into

i I this long belt. The highlight of a visit to the Monterey Peninsula is a tour of Seventeen Mile Drive, with its cypress trees, dramatic ocean views, beautiful homes, and the famous Pebble Beach Golf Course. At Fishermen's Wharf in Monterey, shops and seafood restaurants line the tangle of wooden docks.

CENTRAL CALIFORNIA

Most trips along California's central coast begin at Santa Cruz, a resort city famed for its boardwalk and its muscular beach bums. Farther south is Monterey, a city steeped in history. Monterey served as the capital of Mexican California, and a few of its buildings, such as the waterfront Custom House, survive that era. Fishermen's Wharf in Monterey is a tangle of wooden docks lined with shops and seafood restaurants. It is also the home of the outstanding Monterey Bay Aquarium. A popular coastal road, near Carmel, known as Seventeen Mile Drive, weaves through cliffs and groves of cypress trees. The Lone Cypress, a gnarled old tree growing out of a crevice in a cliff, is a popular tourist stop and is probably the most photographed tree in the state. A short drive away is trendy Carmel, with exclusive

101