Optimizing the Migration of Virtual Computers
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Reconfigurable Embedded Control Systems: Problems and Solutions
RECONFIGURABLE EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEMS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS By Dr.rer.nat.Habil. Mohamed Khalgui ⃝c Copyright by Dr.rer.nat.Habil. Mohamed Khalgui, 2012 v Martin Luther University, Germany Research Manuscript for Habilitation Diploma in Computer Science 1. Reviewer: Prof.Dr. Hans-Michael Hanisch, Martin Luther University, Germany, 2. Reviewer: Prof.Dr. Georg Frey, Saarland University, Germany, 3. Reviewer: Prof.Dr. Wolf Zimmermann, Martin Luther University, Germany, Day of the defense: Monday January 23rd 2012, Table of Contents Table of Contents vi English Abstract x German Abstract xi English Keywords xii German Keywords xiii Acknowledgements xiv Dedicate xv 1 General Introduction 1 2 Embedded Architectures: Overview on Hardware and Operating Systems 3 2.1 Embedded Hardware Components . 3 2.1.1 Microcontrollers . 3 2.1.2 Digital Signal Processors (DSP): . 4 2.1.3 System on Chip (SoC): . 5 2.1.4 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): . 6 2.2 Real-Time Embedded Operating Systems (RTOS) . 8 2.2.1 QNX . 9 2.2.2 RTLinux . 9 2.2.3 VxWorks . 9 2.2.4 Windows CE . 10 2.3 Known Embedded Software Solutions . 11 2.3.1 Simple Control Loop . 12 2.3.2 Interrupt Controlled System . 12 2.3.3 Cooperative Multitasking . 12 2.3.4 Preemptive Multitasking or Multi-Threading . 12 2.3.5 Microkernels . 13 2.3.6 Monolithic Kernels . 13 2.3.7 Additional Software Components: . 13 2.4 Conclusion . 14 3 Embedded Systems: Overview on Software Components 15 3.1 Basic Concepts of Components . 15 3.2 Architecture Description Languages . 17 3.2.1 Acme Language . -
Logca: a High-Level Performance Model for Hardware Accelerators Muhammad Shoaib Bin Altaf ∗ David A
LogCA: A High-Level Performance Model for Hardware Accelerators Muhammad Shoaib Bin Altaf ∗ David A. Wood AMD Research Computer Sciences Department Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. University of Wisconsin-Madison [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT 10 With the end of Dennard scaling, architects have increasingly turned Unaccelerated Accelerated 1 to special-purpose hardware accelerators to improve the performance and energy efficiency for some applications. Unfortunately, accel- 0.1 erators don’t always live up to their expectations and may under- perform in some situations. Understanding the factors which effect Time (ms) 0.01 Break-even point the performance of an accelerator is crucial for both architects and 0.001 programmers early in the design stage. Detailed models can be 16 64 highly accurate, but often require low-level details which are not 256 1K 4K 16K 64K available until late in the design cycle. In contrast, simple analytical Offloaded Data (Bytes) models can provide useful insights by abstracting away low-level system details. (a) Execution time on UltraSPARC T2. In this paper, we propose LogCA—a high-level performance 100 model for hardware accelerators. LogCA helps both programmers SPARC T4 UltraSPARC T2 GPU and architects identify performance bounds and design bottlenecks 10 early in the design cycle, and provide insight into which optimiza- tions may alleviate these bottlenecks. We validate our model across Speedup 1 Break-even point a variety of kernels, ranging from sub-linear to super-linear com- plexities on both on-chip and off-chip accelerators. We also describe the utility of LogCA using two retrospective case studies. -
Foreign Library Interface by Daniel Adler Dia Applications That Can Run on a Multitude of Plat- Forms
30 CONTRIBUTED RESEARCH ARTICLES Foreign Library Interface by Daniel Adler dia applications that can run on a multitude of plat- forms. Abstract We present an improved Foreign Function Interface (FFI) for R to call arbitary na- tive functions without the need for C wrapper Foreign function interfaces code. Further we discuss a dynamic linkage framework for binding standard C libraries to FFIs provide the backbone of a language to inter- R across platforms using a universal type infor- face with foreign code. Depending on the design of mation format. The package rdyncall comprises this service, it can largely unburden developers from the framework and an initial repository of cross- writing additional wrapper code. In this section, we platform bindings for standard libraries such as compare the built-in R FFI with that provided by (legacy and modern) OpenGL, the family of SDL rdyncall. We use a simple example that sketches the libraries and Expat. The package enables system- different work flow paths for making an R binding to level programming using the R language; sam- a function from a foreign C library. ple applications are given in the article. We out- line the underlying automation tool-chain that extracts cross-platform bindings from C headers, FFI of base R making the repository extendable and open for Suppose that we wish to invoke the C function sqrt library developers. of the Standard C Math library. The function is de- clared as follows in C: Introduction double sqrt(double x); We present an improved Foreign Function Interface The .C function from the base R FFI offers a call (FFI) for R that significantly reduces the amount of gate to C code with very strict conversion rules, and C wrapper code needed to interface with C. -
Development of a Wireless Communication System for Swarm Intelligent Robots
DEVELOPMENT OF A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR SWARM INTELLIGENT ROBOTS Martina Russitano Lanza Internship Report submitted to the International Space University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.Sc. Degree in Space Studies August, 2016 Internship Mentor: Prof. Kazuya Yoshida Host Institution: Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ISU Academic Advisor: Prof. Hugh Hill ABSTRACT This report discusses the activities performed during the three-month internship at the Space Robotics Laboratory of Tohoku University, in Sendai (Japan), the internship being the final module of the International Space University’s Master of Space Studies program. The project, which envisaged the development of a wireless communication system for swarm intelligent robots based on the LTE technology, has been widely described in all its phases, from the Literature Review to the practical experience. A detailed description of all the hardware, procedures tested, trouble shooting methods and results obtained is also included. Due to the large number of problems encountered when trying to connect the LTE modem device, it was not possible to accomplish the task of building a real communication system. Nonetheless, possible reasons for all the issues occurred have been explained and motivated, and some recommendations for further studies have been stated. At the same time, a research concerning the next steps of the project has been carried out and a feasible method to establish a communication between different platforms has been analyzed and proposed. In addition to the main project, this report introduces also the activities of the Tohoku University Engineering Summer Program (TESP), to which I participated, as well as its positive outcomes. -
Hardware, Firmware, Devices Disks Kernel, Boot, Swap Files, Volumes
hardware, kernel, boot, firmware, disks files, volumes swap devices software, security, patching, networking references backup tracing, logging TTAASSKK\ OOSS AAIIXX AA//UUXX DDGG//UUXX FFrreeeeBBSSDD HHPP--UUXX IIRRIIXX Derived from By IBM, with Apple 1988- 4.4BSD-Lite input from 1995. Based and 386BSD. System V, BSD, etc. on AT&T Data General This table SysV.2.2 with was aquired does not Hewlett- SGI. SVR4- OS notes Runs mainly extensions by EMC in include Packard based on IBM from V.3, 1999. external RS/6000 and V.4, and BSD packages related 4.2 and 4.3 from hardware. /usr/ports. /usr/sysadm ssmmiitt ssaamm /bin/sysmgr (6.3+) ssmmiittttyy ttoooollcchheesstt administrativ /usr/Cadmin/ wwssmm FFiinnddeerr ssyyssaaddmm ssyyssiinnssttaallll ssmmhh (11.31+) e GUI bin/* /usr/sysadm/ useradd (5+) FFiinnddeerr uusseerraadddd aadddduusseerr uusseerraadddd privbin/ addUserAcco userdell (5+) //eettcc//aadddduusseerr uusseerrddeell cchhppaassss uusseerrddeell unt usermod edit rrmmuusseerr uusseerrmmoodd managing (5+) /etc/passwd users llssuusseerr ppww ggeettpprrppww ppaassssmmggmmtt mmkkuusseerr vviippww mmooddpprrppww /usr/Cadmin/ cchhuusseerr ppwwggeett bin/cpeople rmuser usrck TASK \ OS AAIIXX AA//UUXX DDGG//UUXX FFrreeeeBBSSDD HHPP--UUXX IIRRIIXX pprrttccoonnff uunnaammee iioossccaann hhiinnvv dmesg (if (if llssccffgg ssyyssccttll--aa you're lucky) llssaattttrr ddmmeessgg aaddbb ssyyssiinnffoo--vvvv catcat lsdev /var/run/dm model esg.boot stm (from the llssppaatthh ppcciiccoonnff--ll SupportPlus CDROM) list hardware dg_sysreport - bdf (like -
V2406C Series Linux Software User's Manual
V2406C Series Linux Software User’s Manual Version 1.0, February 2020 www.moxa.com/product © 2020 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. V2406C Series Linux Software User’s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement. Copyright Notice © 2020 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc. All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers. Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa. Moxa provides this document as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time. Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use. This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication. Technical Support Contact Information www.moxa.com/support Moxa Americas Moxa China (Shanghai office) Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872 Toll-free: 800-820-5036 Tel: +1-714-528-6777 Tel: +86-21-5258-9955 Fax: +1-714-528-6778 Fax: +86-21-5258-5505 Moxa Europe Moxa Asia-Pacific Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0 Tel: +886-2-8919-1230 Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99 Fax: +886-2-8919-1231 Moxa India Tel: +91-80-4172-9088 Fax: +91-80-4132-1045 Table of Contents 1. -
Basics of UNIX
Basics of UNIX August 23, 2012 By UNIX, I mean any UNIX-like operating system, including Linux and Mac OS X. On the Mac you can access a UNIX terminal window with the Terminal application (under Applica- tions/Utilities). Most modern scientific computing is done on UNIX-based machines, often by remotely logging in to a UNIX-based server. 1 Connecting to a UNIX machine from {UNIX, Mac, Windows} See the file on bspace on connecting remotely to SCF. In addition, this SCF help page has infor- mation on logging in to remote machines via ssh without having to type your password every time. This can save a lot of time. 2 Getting help from SCF More generally, the department computing FAQs is the place to go for answers to questions about SCF. For questions not answered there, the SCF requests: “please report any problems regarding equipment or system software to the SCF staff by sending mail to ’trouble’ or by reporting the prob- lem directly to room 498/499. For information/questions on the use of application packages (e.g., R, SAS, Matlab), programming languages and libraries send mail to ’consult’. Questions/problems regarding accounts should be sent to ’manager’.” Note that for the purpose of this class, questions about application packages, languages, li- braries, etc. can be directed to me. 1 3 Files and directories 1. Files are stored in directories (aka folders) that are in a (inverted) directory tree, with “/” as the root of the tree 2. Where am I? > pwd 3. What’s in a directory? > ls > ls -a > ls -al 4. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.9 Release Notes
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.9 Release Notes Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9 Last Updated: 2021-08-17 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 7.9 Release Notes Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9 Legal Notice Copyright © 2021 Red Hat, Inc. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, the Red Hat logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux ® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS ® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL ® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Node.js ® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project. -
Oracle1® VM Virtualbox1® User Manual
Oracle R VM VirtualBox R User Manual Version 6.1.0_RC1 c 2004-2019 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents Preface i 1 First Steps 1 1.1 Why is Virtualization Useful?.............................2 1.2 Some Terminology..................................2 1.3 Features Overview..................................3 1.4 Supported Host Operating Systems.........................5 1.5 Host CPU Requirements...............................6 1.6 Installing Oracle VM VirtualBox and Extension Packs...............6 1.7 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox............................7 1.8 Creating Your First Virtual Machine.........................8 1.9 Running Your Virtual Machine............................ 11 1.9.1 Starting a New VM for the First Time................... 12 1.9.2 Capturing and Releasing Keyboard and Mouse.............. 12 1.9.3 Typing Special Characters.......................... 13 1.9.4 Changing Removable Media........................ 14 1.9.5 Resizing the Machine’s Window...................... 14 1.9.6 Saving the State of the Machine...................... 15 1.10 Using VM Groups................................... 16 1.11 Snapshots....................................... 17 1.11.1 Taking, Restoring, and Deleting Snapshots................ 17 1.11.2 Snapshot Contents............................. 18 1.12 Virtual Machine Configuration............................ 19 1.13 Removing and Moving Virtual Machines...................... 19 1.14 Cloning Virtual Machines............................... 20 1.15 Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines.................... -