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World Futures Journal of General Evolution Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713393663 Can Information and Mobile Technologies Serve to Close the Economic, Educational, Digital, and Social gaps and Accelerate Development? Yiannis Laouris a; Romina Laouri b a Cyprus Neuroscience & Technology Institute, Lefkosia, Cyprus b Ashoka: Innovators for the Public, Arlington, Virginia, USA

Online Publication Date: 01 May 2008 To cite this Article: Laouris, Yiannis and Laouri, Romina (2008) 'Can Information and Mobile Technologies Serve to Close the Economic, Educational, Digital, and Social gaps and Accelerate Development?', World Futures, 64:4, 254 — 275 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/02604020802189534 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604020802189534

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R., Laouri, Project,” sources, and Learning argumentation and Teaching Bus Global School Cyber Nations “United by the (United back Publications, divide to economic set the Nations costs of been widening indirect the has to a the development contributing seriously economic include set thus people decades, cases, not has kill most do to and In amounts applied 2006) concerned. War, These be countries of countries. can destroy (Cost technology more to billion modern The how and lives. $345 of human over example of cost negative loss has most tragic Iraq the in mention war to recent an not community international billion, Rwanda, the $200 cost Leone, estimated Bosnia) various Sierra Iraq, in Afghanistan, Sudan, conflicts Chechnya, Liberia, deadly Zaire, Haiti, 1990s, Burundi, (e.g., the world In the years. of 15 regions past the during conflict violent human of abuses the and be poverty, to terrorism, today rights. violence, considered international of are for end conflicts reason political the prime related signalled and also Ethnic 2005 lives. million year The political states. countless within with a and loaded is across tech- century enormous both 21st and the conflicts changes 18 of global dawn every vast the power tech- by progress, computing characterized nological information doubling world states. in a of development of in rhythm world’s Yet, system unsurpassed sustained months. the modern of almost between the an century of with a conflict nology history half armed the marked without in also years period It longest 60 the powers; marked major 2005 year The utr fpae n ceeaeeooi eeomn.I lotalconflict all almost In development. economic accelerate and peace, of culture 0ya yl nwihcvlwr n tnccenigcamdmr hn5 than more claimed cleansing ethnic and wars civil which in cycle 10-year nesadn h neligmcaim n eiiginvtv method- innovative devising and mechanisms underlying the Understanding of type some experienced have world the in countries all of third one Nearly ieinfra vide NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 255 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION , w.nogcbrcolu,ls cesdJnay1,2005; 10, January accessed last www.un.org/cyberschoolbus, NRDCINT H PROBLEM THE TO INTRODUCTION ,i oncinwt h naeigefcso globalization, of effects unraveling the with connection in ), Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 h dctoa otx a o sscesu soiial xetd(o rele- in a IT (for modern expected and originally as computers successful of as integration not millennium v the was new First, context the reasons. educational of the of dawn the number at a dismissed for partly were hopes Unfortunately, on based were hopes The regions. poor social the and and digital, rich educational, the a economic, among the planet the our close of by to gaps serve accompanied could was they that mT), hype (IT, technologies telecommunication broadband 5 INI AUI N OIALAOURI ROMINA AND LAOURIS YIANNIS 256 .Fnly Tcaatrzdb o-otetac cmae osatn traditional starting to (compared entrance low-cost by characterized IT Finally, 5. connection in globalization, of advancement the that was assumption next The 4. a signaled systems educational the in technology modern of integration The 3. com- information that idea the was business of world the in promise alleged The 2. prices, falling their with connection in computers, of power increasing The 1. n eiwseEekeu n aui,20) er ae,w r tl struggling still are we later, Years 2005). Laouris, and Eteokleous see review ant ubro supin htapae ut esnbeadcd ago: decade a reasonable quite appeared that assumptions of number sacneune h mrec fifrain,admr eety mobile recently, more and information-, of emergence the consequence, a As aist opt ihitrainlgiants. international with compete to com- flexible panies and innovative, small, allow would transformation economic This was knowledge-based) and IT- (i.e., e economy colleagues for new with allow The compete would countries. to developed This Economy.” in possible “New it the making evolution, called business is accelerated what into embark to tries b 2005). Sharples, and conversation 2005 Y., on Laouris, based also 1976; those Pask, example as the for such (see invites education theory also of It models flourish. new to of propaganda development for misinter- ability eliminating the thus prohibit verification, and pretations information conflicting permit between would communication It transparent societies. and efficient, possibilities increase immediate, dramatically for would penetration, ex- phone the mobile and of Internet, the plosion on information available of growth exponential the with signifi- can process misconceptions. This their reality. reduce of cantly understanding un- objective common more and and a investigation broader construct further to through hypotheses able test or are e class, issue, they their an then, in about and others derstanding with planet; discuss the research, on 1998; do elsewhere to Laouris encouraged also are They see build- knowledge ing. 2005a) 1974; Eteokleous and 1962, Laouris more 2005; Vygotsky, Anastasiou in and Laouris model; engage Vygotsky to the learners (along invites Technology shift. paradigm increase profitability. also and would visibility it but market worldwide, their compete countries and small businesses in global entrepreneurs launch permit to only not all example). would good (ICT) virtually technology a to puter is project accessible Child” assets, Per Laptop digital “One of (the earth types on other people made countries, all world third and in access information, Internet of penetration increasing the and pce ogaulytk vrtetaiinl neil,haydt economy. heavy-duty inflexible, traditional, the over take gradually to xpected much a achieve learners context, a such Within on. so and xperimentation, snse) ol lo on cetsseternusfo eeoigcoun- developing from scientists/entrepreneurs young allow would usinesses), constructive Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 rjcsta r opeeyurltd(.. optrcmaysml calls for simply terms company the computer misuse a simply (e.g., references unrelated relevant these not completely of are are Many references that interest. the projects of of majority angle great our the to Second, within pages website). different (i.e., same times of the the thousands appearing which with projects listing, up same cross the of came level to we high leads extremely 200 an is first there the First, conclusions: studied following Having references. 23,100,000 with up We aggressive and consistent, goal well-thought, that implementing toward strategies their by demonstrate commitment and and Education” will “Development actively promote They but development, to 2005). moreover, and technology Anastasiou, between interrelationships and complex Laouris the derstand see review order a in that (for conclude era Cyprus computer in experiment the process island-wide on an peace during from based derived the lessons arguments support on their and to mechanisms www.tech4peace.org) develop (see technology the applying of They some in results. for experiences expec- tangible required their that produce is fact time and the more mature that by to and explained high partly too be were may The tations possibility. thusfar viable a described remains sustain failures peace authors accelerate global initial to The of technologies article. vision broadband the this wireless serve of and and sections development IT next modern using the that of thesis focus the the is gaps bridge to divides social and digital, dream. elusive educational, economic, an as the remain technol- well bridging will using for shift, as means not economies, does a focus as global this ogy If on on. effects the so and long-term by research, innovation, has security, published policy review This full oil-based 2004). Teknologir˚ a neers, an Technology (get of promoted economy Board States information-based Danish United an coun- the world than in third or rather government second Republican in succeed The would it tries? chances the were what of Germany, 2005). minds Shiller, 2005; the (Yaffe, faith in eroded economy, correlated new the which of concept bubble, the as dot-com many international the several of especially protected collapse and markets, the supported stock Third, empow- be regulations. and to and encouraged and infrastructure networks be necessary local political to by and the goal, social have a local to and their need vision by they a ered have context; to relevant skills, a infor- and in with background are interact proved they People situation envisioned. when The originally only used. than mation and/or complicated reached more be far will be it to that guarantee not does availability/accessibility alone information Second, learning). mobile of for emergence (see, cent needs changing continuously rapidly and meet e technology to integrating paradigms of educational our ways transforming practical and successful find to ape h otnigcalneo nertn ie aetcnlge rtere- the or technologies game video integrating of challenge continuing the xample, h erhfrpsil asmdr ehooymysilofra opportunity an offer still may technology modern ways possible for search The or Japan, States, United the in succeed not did dream economy new the If a ogesac nJl 05uig[ using 2005 July in search Google a ran RLMNR OSDRTOS ETN H STAGE THE SETTING CONSIDERATIONS; PRELIMINARY NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 257 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION oaheeti ol eeoigntosne o nyt un- to only not need nations developing goal, this achieve to . dtadTeSceyo aihEngi- Danish of Society The and adet + technology + ec]adcame and peace] Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 We in reader interested the and for links summarized important are 2. most Appendix and The compiled apply. were arguments projects relevant aforementioned projects. same U.S.-initiated the and here, U.S.-based to point peacekeeping We exclusively invasions”). LAOURI for ROMINA “peace almost AND (i.e., technologies LAOURIS interventions links military YIANNIS military of Third, for use ones recent the more denote and to purposes many whereas terms peace), the with use do to others anything having without technology, peace itself 258 o osteDgtlDvd eaet te Divides? Other Fo to Relate Divide Digital the Does How divide digital divide literacy the the and closing economic that poor the bridge ( hypothesis penetrate to but efforts the to our technologies, on support potential military significantly based the will or is have approach industrial that the Our large technologies regions. bridging to low-cost toward small, refer primarily to not rather, applied do like, We divide. the software-based, IT-, digital and (mobile), m- recipes, e-, digital computer-, use to We algorithms, refer indispensable. to are “technology” regionally) term (or the nationally phones. produced Internet) not broadband; mobile content (i.e., do and digital infrastructures computers We and necessary to world. the access that developing to suggest divide we the Moreover, digital and of developed definition the the restrict between exists that divide that, divide this bridging growing? about steadily between go is divide we some, digital do to the How according generations. address older that the initiatives and and children projects experience from of source good come Another nations. might across and within to gaps aim of political that types few guidelines all very and close regulations the promote among and is tanks EU think employ the that that schemes fact simple a remains it but satisfactory, technologies broadband make av and to disadvantaged aspires the network for (www.Cost298.org) gaps Cost298 the the bridge to technologies use to envisions (www.Cost219.org) network Cost219ter develop- The in policies. leader responsible of international socially applying an communities and from today ing different derived is experiences EU between studying The projects. by gap (EU) learn the the Union also European between can or We gap country. country same the experiences a the is, and from that within one community, learned poor a be the within to gap and the lessons rich close be applications to might other trying there in and instance, gained meanings For poor other the term. and consider the rich to the of between need gap we the However, mean to countries. gap” the “close term the understand a ieinfra vide hn fteps n twl onb lmntd snwtcnlge become technologies new as eliminated, be soon will it and past the of thing ial oalpol fEurope. of people all to ailable r nti ril,w ou u teto oteltrc,eooi,addigital and economic, literacy, the to attention our focus we article, this In not are efforts the that complain may groupings political opposing and Critics oseko asaddvdsi ifrn otxsaddomains. and contexts different in divides and gaps of speak do i h aesac nteshlrgol.o n eevd4,0,btalso, but 42,800, received and scholar.google.com the on search same the did oe(ee oNiistee nteDsuso eto)tedgtldvd is divide digital the section) Discussion the in theses Nyiri’s to (refer some ). EIIINISSUES DEFINITION 1 otpeople Most Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 .TeItrainlcmuiy(n seilyteG,teU,adteEU) the and UN, the G8, the especially (and community International The 1. However, develop strategies: to could divides. us important One support three two may DD. 1B these Figure the of interrelationships between of simple the relationships bridging understanding is other the and many is investment effect, envision these smallest maximum easily the of the requires achieving of any advantage that of produce taking affect one capable by will that divides the levels Yet, other policies all interrelationships. three on on their effects the positive focus of achieve still thus any and adopt levels may at we different We If intervening arrows). a improvements. (red model, LD illustrates global working the 1B and our ED Figure the as worsens divides. this DD other the which the in one on model, model, effects this positive to any according have Therefore, not process. is slow this DD and If ev the expensive divides. “fix” an two to certainly other relationships, the is causal eliminate of first 1A) must (i.e., we model this to elimination Divide (LD) According Digital its the Divide aggravates (DD). Literacy turn, make in the which, which that (ED), Divide in Economic divide model the aggravates think the causal a such illustrates of 1A exist types Figure there impossible. various others, the For between accessible. more relationships and powerful concluded more therefore cheaper, is It aggravates arrows). turn (red in LD which and divide. ED ED, economic both aggravates aggravates LD DD th model. The causal B: linear DD. Simple A: (DD). F 19) eeal,i eest ciiista tep og eodcii inter- crisis religious organizations, beyond nongovernmental of go inclusion the to and structures attempt and tions that Peace” activities for Boutros-Ghali to “Agenda Boutros v refers 1992 General the it Secretary after Generally, Nations use (1992). United popular the into by came announcement term new fairly This Peace for Agenda transformation and goals development on focus must themselves countries The 2. gr .Rltosisbtenteltrc L) cnmc(D,addgtldivide digital and (ED), economic (LD), literacy the between Relationships 1. igure ninadtwr ogtr eeomn,tebidn fgvrmna institu- governmental of building the development, long-term toward and ention at ni eeomn ftcnlg nbe st vroeteD,ti ilnot will this DD, the overcome to us enables technology of development if en ak htaeese oahee aelwrcss n atrimplementation faster and costs, lower have achieve, to rates. easier are poor that the tasks to closer technology bring to effort orchestrated countries. an in engage must lmntn h iia iiewl aepstv fet nteltrc n the and literacy the on effects positive have will divide digital the eliminating literacy NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 259 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION divide divide digital A

economic divide literacy divide divide digital B

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DAI on access impact to The immediate potential transparency. ual’s an guarantee have variables that Besides factors chosen on indices. carefully concentrates ICT its other stumbling scope, of and potential global limitations strengths to its relative other their point overcomes identify DAI Index countries ser- The help the weaknesses. can ICT of and of adoption results ICT quality The in blocks level, usage. educational Internet availability access, and are areas vices, of The affordability variables, score. country eight infrastructure, overall combines an of provide DAI to The areas, performance. five measure- covering concrete country and monitoring transparent by for of trend use growing ments the a toward reflects community access ITU’s international ICT The the measuring page). for ITU’s indicators on identify release to press efforts Adoption, Key Technology Affordability New and Boosting Education Inter- Ranking; to the ICT of and Global measure people First World’s quantitative between DAI: a connections (ref. net actual as creating (DAI) of Index step Access fundamental Digital the the The services. forward and put networks govern- has telecom where global ITU System coordinate sector Nations private United the and the ments within organization international an is International The targets. monitor and T set to tools better need societies Information (DAI) Index Access measure, Digital The to methods and instruments devise we process. the this that closing monitor imperative for and and assess is development it for instrumental then considered gap, is world third available the technology to making tech- the If communications available (http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals). and make nologies” sector, information private technologies—especially the new with of cooperation benefits “In reads: one hunger and development) for obviously partnership global is a processes able the (Develop these of 18 be LAOURI in Goal ROMINA to under play AND why order LAOURIS can is YIANNIS technology in This that central. problems role and inevitably The conflicts which them. of resolve transformation, to roots structural the about understanding means is also It citizens. and institutions, 260 ooy h esni eas ohteeuainllvlo onr n the and country a of level educational tech- the of both availability higher because not by is improve are to reason parameters hard these The also of direction: nology. but Both this measure, toward services. to point ICT difficult indices of only DAI the quality of and For two level, offer. Indeed, Educational to gap. has the technology close to that cient fruits the all from e benefit and utilize actually to ape ti iptbewehrwd viaiiyo ehooyaoei suffi- is alone technology of availability wide whether disputable is it xample, lcmuiain nt(nw sIU,haqatrdi eea Switzerland, Geneva, in headquartered ITU), as (known Unit elecommunications h uoeUin h ol’ ags utltrldnr a ttdtercom- their stated has donor, multilateral largest world’s the Union, Europe The htsilrmisa pndbt stecpblt fa niiulo nation a or individual an of capability the is debate open an remains still What 2 h ilnimDvlpetGoals Development Millennium The aanucdgnru grants. generous hasannounced MG oaheerdcino poverty of reduction achieve to (MDG) Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 onr,gvrmnsms norg oa innovation, local encourage to intention must our governments country, if world third necessary the to a honest. over is is handed gap advanced be the and close to developed, needs knowledge what created, the of are ingredient envisioned, technologies originally such are how technology. of technologies use of to innovative people role which train to determining within sufficient not the is to It technology. point about questions These toward geared technology? is that thinking stimulate to environment eliminate to eye. manage “producer’s” we when a divide. eliminated or creator–consumer be “creator’s” the only therefore a will through divide dif- production digital Internet of sound The the disposal context her the search or in his will thought, topics” at paradigms, has “hot scientific who and contemporary and priorities communities, to scientific research exposed ferent current is of aware who is person who a be contrast, to In conditioned apply. is who person educational A knowledge, thinking. a prior contemporary on to the depend exposure and heavily and depth, will level, the quality, quest The Internet concern. an will daily of people their example, purpose of For issues priorities. for daily Internet our the of search context the within applied be only difficult. more gap make the that consumer, closing determining and of are producer process of between the there user, and that democracy, and civilization, suggest creator between of authors differences history The its indices. on macro-economic depend course services its all of quality n ieesItre ihna fodbembl hn ae cest global to access makes phone television, mobile simpler. radio, affordable even as an information such within technologies Internet of wireless merging and The creates eventually systems citizens. This democratic global information). flawed informed to (i.e., access restrain brainwashed typically be dictatorships to and attempts possible liberalizing from Thus, etc.). them politicians, media, system, lo- educational accessed but their information informed, (through of stay cally correctness to and only validity not the them double-check enables to moreover, This information. of type technology any use access may to on so and servants, government laymen, researchers, Students, Te strengthening toward technology high- of peace. application 2, the that Appendix for in roles challenges and and important options here light most both given the examples, of Practical play. some can summarize technology we paragraphs following the In Development on focus current the level, bet. international best it our the when is even At Education work class. pioneer world for incentives not provide is must and initiatives, and cesses EHOOYI H EVC FPAE RCIA ASPECTS PRACTICAL PEACE; OF SERVICE THE IN TECHNOLOGY ue”wl lassac o plctoso o nomto htseo ecan he or she that information for or applications for search always will “user” c h mlctoso hs ruet r utdmninl ttelvlo the of level the At multidimensional. are arguments these of implications The the and context necessary the create we do How this? achieve we do How T nlg steGt oGoa Information Global to Gate the as hnology cnlg osntcm navcu.I ae lc norlvsadi can it and lives our in place a takes It vacuum. a in come not does echnology NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 261 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION raigrte hnusing than rather creating 3 utpas oa suc- local praise must meta-knowledge h context The Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 ftepoesadrmvlo n itut okcr fmn oitc,adinvited and participate. logistics, and many up of catch care took quickly distrust, to any newcomers of demystification removal the experiences. and toward process and contributed the that resources, of platform of transparent sharing a provided needs, portal also communication The It serve portal. only peace www.tech4peace.org not by the and supported did furthermore of vision were infrastructure stated builders electronic peace clearly venture the a this by In goals. characterized stated bi-communal is clearly a movement of island, The the of movement. history the peace enormously in time contributed first materialization has the work the for This formation, preventing removal. the their toward obstacles for the options and of vision understanding that of shared 3. Appendix a vision in as shared given a well developing is of as groups process the these through went of individuals map 2,000 than summary More A 1994–1997. years the in (2008). Laouris al. (2005), et Michaelides Laouris and and (2007), Laouris Christakis to and refer Christakis applications, to refer recent or for 2005” application Village, (1996); Global detailed the a of For “Agoras more 15). visit p. methodology read the (2002, To of Broome 2004). to refer Michaelides, example and Christakis, Cyprus Hays the 2002; about 2003; (Alexander, Brahms, affairs and of Christakis state 1973; current and the consensus of on understanding based thinking shared of framework common a developing collaborative.collectively promotes and inclusive, IM structured, time. is that A of process amount a backgrounds, through views, reasonable perspectives diverse with and a individuals from in groups contributions of assist issues, integration to the complex designed with specifically is dealing that in 1994) Cardenas, Banathy, (IM; and Management Warfield Interactive 1996; as (Wolleh, known end methodology this a toward 10 used technology than They The applying 2001). more in actions. accumulated expertise has and regarding experience Cyprus of consensus in years Group” reach Resolution jointly and Conflict situation, maps, and “Peace problematic obstacle a and of vision understanding develop shared achieve to stakeholders joint businesses. for e-based incentives government information; objective pro- and that balanced, relevant, communities portals vide conflicting Web from include: people specifi- between Examples is collaboration purpose. in technology aformentioned developed when the serve reached to be the utilized about will cally learn results and tangible interact, real meet, However, to of other. opportunities create cul- use help and a mere transparency promoting can the of in ture even technology significantly example, of contribute For may use elements. technologies The aggravating telecommunication on. these absence so of other, many and the remove communication, about reli- myths and ethnic, and interactions experiences, misconceptions, of educational stereotypes, other in or differences gious, to amount LAOURI usually ROMINA AND conflicts LAOURIS YIANNIS We Misconceptions and Te 262 c ru fpriiat h r nwegal ftestainaeeggdin engaged are situation the of knowledgeable are who participants of group hstcnlg a enapidt oeso icmua rus especially groups, bi-communal of dozens to applied been has technology This supporting in lies however, play, can technology that role important most The nlg saCmuiainTo oRcnieRgoa Conflicts Regional Reconcile to Tool Communication a as hnology aedsusderirhwmcaim neligado utiigregional sustaining and/or underlying mechanisms how earlier discussed have Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 uhsml plctosms egvnpirt ntidwrdcutiswhen countries world third in priority given be to ideas. must pathways and new applications services, products, opens simple local e-commerce of Such distribution as global such the services enable They related markets. and Internet the of terminology. of change a by only characterized Fo not is revolution e-learning the m-learning from the transition to the However, the e-learning. as or an learning d- mobile from infrastructures, consider evolution 2004) natural no al., et Georgiev are 2005; Tuimala, there and Hosseini where even learners ev reach can learning mobile background. prior or at residence Cost219ter geographical all (see their to of all technolo- closer independent for education broadband ages brought services learning of and distance use information of advent to the The www.cost219.org). access promoting equal also enable and to is Laouris efficiently; gies EU more The time system their 2005b). SMS-based managing Eteokleous, an in developed students have dyslexic indi- abilities. authors support from to benefit the learning may example, and children, (for styles gifted attention also learning vidual and different disadvantaged, between are who gap Children the bridge to consequence. effort natural a also in but computers must of a integration only the not to Therefore, is Laouris, contrast education see 2005). powers; (in Laouris, physical and abilities the amplified Eteokleous because brain and 1992; is amplifies mimicked in computers that that role to creations creation previous attracted participatory human all so and first are the equal they same is reasons the more computer At the active, lives. of more their One of grow a society. part They our demand significant games. children a video claim our and games time, computer video and to them attracted with simply up not are children Our Te oetIvsmnsi -admBsdTcnlge upr Development T Support Technologies m-Based and e- in Investments Modest world. third the role in significant gaps very literacy a the play bridge can to learning efforts our mobile in sum, as (Laouris In priorities” learning 2005b). social mobile pressing Eteokleous, education, and defines of and advances methods authors technological the relevant the and of of light role in the one reconsider that to context opportunity were evolutionary they this “an where within of because is disadvantaged when It are greater who born. even those is of differences needs the these opportunities consider of and we importance possibilities The before. up imagined opened never This environment- was for pedagogy. e-learning called time-independent While m-learning context. paradigm, and mobile classroom the the characterize with to compatible used still are on so per- and private, sonal terms lightweight, era, informal, connected, m-learning situated, the intimate, In spontaneous, on. like so and environment, media-rich hyperlinked, tive, cnlg utntawy ese sa as seen be always not must echnology nmr rmsn lyrudi thn.Sm uhr eg,Mostakhdemin- (e.g., authors Some hand. at is playground promising more en c re T our to dimensions new added has devices mobile of penetration recent The nlg sa duatta ossEducation Boosts that Adjuvant an as hnology dy hnstliebsdtlcmuiaincnet h otnns and continents, the connects telecommunication satellite-based when oday, ape h oiattrsi h -erigeawr:mliei,interac- multimedia, were: era e-learning the in terms dominant the xample, NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 263 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION rdc e se per product . h eeapplication mere The Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 noainadnwpoutiiitvst esiuae,asceynest develop to for needs a sections, society and a previous appreciation stimulated, compete be an the to to in initiatives world product exemplified new third and as the innovation However, in globally. based colleagues are who with entrepreneurs the young closer for brings This possibility investments. LAOURI ROMINA initial 20th-century modest AND they Thus, very LAOURIS to infrastructures. because require YIANNIS light contrast very economies IT-based exploit on In operate may to investment. businesses era, easiest low IT the in very the economies, and are infrastructure They little policies. require national their devise they 264 eerh uhplce ontol eue n,t oeetn,rvre“brain reverse extent, scientists. some rank top to class, and, world reduce, attract forward- also only they adopting not but are drain,” do governments advanced policies basic their to Such attention parallel, its research. shift In to industry the well. encourage that as strategies looking R&D in invest homelands. to their to return to many brains enabled talented countries educated, laws. these young in their patent technology of and applied trademarks, of exploitation copyrights, the disrespecting However, with and bypassing markets completely R&D global on, in so floating investments and then computers, appliances, and research devices, practice European electronic into cheap and directly States’ United them China, the putting exploiting Hong-Kong, results, were Singapore, like, in the companies and high-tech students. Malaysia, Indian period, in and same universities Japanese, time, the Chinese, number same During with the the overcrowded were reduce about States At also United scientists. to the visiting as and far students so foreign went of countries applied Some to research research. basic industrial theoretical from and funds shift to academic, and research, activities regulating govern- industrial policies and their French) of and many change Italian, to German, rushing were (mainly ments European ago, years twenty About Te benefits. mutual a with reaches interactions that win-win community facilitate enthusiastic to and mass larger critical a to of must, creation a the serves is markets, it but ideas, of possible, sharing The simply e countries. different not across entrepreneurs is between links It create 2003a). 2002, (Laouris, incubators a and utilization, efficient its growth. also economic but penetration, thus, technology only not accelerate to ow Ire- Valley), and successes Silicon for reasons (e.g., the f explore States products to United need into countries the Developing evolve Israel. in and to land, miracles The ideas economic incubators. to pre-mature technology resulted supporting has of and means subsidizing of by concept entrepreneurship and innovation ages iue ficbtr ncagn cnme seLors 03)addsg their design and 2003b) Laouris, (see economies changing in incubators of ailures precs n culpyia eore,a ela hrdacs osrie and services to access shared as well as resources, physical actual and xperiences, rcino h otuiiigtecneto ita omncto n virtual and communication virtual of concept the utilizing cost the of fraction c n T at collaborations cross-national for challenges new opened m-era and e- The Av nlg saMast obtBanDrain Brain Combat to Means a as hnology dy h aeetrrsshv ece nnilsrnt htealsthem enables that strength financial a reached have enterprises same the oday, cee ospoteternus hyms lodata grsiestrategy aggressive an draft also must They entrepreneurs. support to schemes r oeflto o oa oenet odvlpi ide htencour- that mindset a is develop to governments local for tool powerful ery meta-understanding fterl httcnlg plays. technology that role the of Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 fhmnlf nerh u vnwre hyhv otiue oadteglobal the toward contributed have security they overall worse, the even in but advances endangered earth, which only on in not life examples social actually human countless a of of have world of in technology the operating think and not, somehow can than were science One often it more vacuum. if that moral as say behaved and to has dare technology we and if science exaggeration, an not is It and technological necessary the place Anastasiou, in and (Laouris put infrastructures. legal commitment the- must of scientific nations strategy, deal Additionally, vision, great by 2005). a accompanied and methodology, be and to ory needs It purpose. our serve inter- a enterprise” social between v business in distance experiments virtual considerable ten-year-long is Our small “materialization.” there its a that and know “potential” run illiteracy all will we and with course, s/he screen, person, Of soon 2005). literate a (Nyiri, and barely and disadvantaged, Internet, keyboard a the a Provide to kid past. access a the give of . thing . “. a becomes claiming, myth a access. is Internet divide of role central UN’s hu- the the that recognize within knowledge and easily from and could transport development one assets at to Goals, digital looking Millennium easier Thus, all thus produced. to ever (and connected has portable is mankind and is others), it all-in-one with price, The share the forward. world oppor- one-tenth developing unprecedented costs the an device propelling into for translates challenge it and Moreover, tunity con- media. within the mostly telecommunications, and of computers) “convergence” computing, and a portable m), into PDAs, translates 5 phones, players, (i.e., mobile MP3 temporary Internet sets, the hand use TV 160 and in (i.e., 1 line m), fixed 5.9 a TV have (i.e., a 40 have PC in 13 a 1 in m), have 24 1 130 1i (i.e., million), in phone 205 mobile 1 (i.e., a m), have radio 20 35 a in have 1 people m), 62 4 (i.e., in Report; 1 Status A only Africa: 6), in Chapter (ICT report” Internet-status African “The to According is that initiatives. infrastructure and economic efforts and their legal supportive facilitate same a to the place designed At in return. put to most must scientists they young a their time, is for conditions countries This attractive developing create process, abroad. this to replicate need acquired to they that means which It know-how, observation. important the the same in countries the educated own at people their But indigenous drain.” was “brain it reverse examples, W to aforementioned industry power the the the in of have development time, the does that economy argue the would We and analysis. this of out learned ninadcag aesiniclydcmne httcnlg ln cannot alone technology that documented scientifically have change and ention s h anhdtebsnse nterhm onre.Te xlie within exploited They countries. home their in businesses the launched who est OILRSOSBLT FSINIT;ACIIA THESIS CRITICAL A SCIENTISTS; OF RESPONSIBILITY SOCIAL n hsi o yr’ hssms eitrrtdwe eisssta h digital the that insists he when interpreted be must thesis Nyiri’s how is This radio watches, arm digital (e.g., technologies these of many of merging The We 0 aepyT ie,2m). 2 (i.e., pay-TV have 400 a ocueb ouigoratnint h motn esn htms be must that lessons important the to attention our focusing by conclude can NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 265 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION DISCUSSION Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 ista icuaebanditadpoieicnie n potnte o young for opportunities Poli- and incentives (2) provide utilized; and fully drift be brain more- can discourage but technologies that which cies penetration, in IT environment increase the and to context only not aim that ove Policies (1) peace. axons: of system three aspects, rational reinforced, institutional a and with system To political war its emotional contribute the in can replace Technology movement, and technology: peace for the role escalating visionary toward a with conclude us Let oiiit ilgeaogteelnsw fe h olwn ideas: following the offer we contribution lines modest these a along As dialogue sciences. a social initiate the to and humanities it the reframing disciplines both and is include sciences natural that that the perspective between efforts integral co-operative of an context future a from within and present undertaken that imperative is thus research is It scientific terrorists. deadly by into to used result be Or may privacy. can engineering which and genetic viruses, LAOURI spheres and ROMINA personal microbiology AND in our LAOURIS research invade YIANNIS that to think potential of Campbell, the advent (Duncan have echelon the which the that like 2000), projects intimidating such example, with accompanied for is Internet is, the It dignity. human of deterioration 266 .Toeivle nitrainladsc steU,teG,teE,teWorld the EU, the G8, the UN, the as such aid international in involved Those 5. De- of concepts integrate systems educational our restructuring of process the In 4. revi- the and/or new of creation the serve that initiatives support and Promote 3. posed hazards potential the of aware become to “forced” be should Scientists 2. the sciences, natural the between projects research joint for incentives Provide 1. swe nrpeer ndvlpn onismng ocostebig and bridge the cross to creators. manage success also counties of become developing indicator in best The entrepreneurs utilized. engage within when fully contexts who is be relevant can those create technology for given also the challenge to which the the is with technology, interventions positive together of strategizing know-how case in the the entrepreneurs providing In social of goods. and importance actual the organizations realize international to other need many one and in Bank, engaged other. the those for on that appreciation sciences and sure respect, social make sympathy, level genuine and a education humanities develop higher discipline the the and At hand, other. one the the on sciences the natural between distinction conventional the transcending fields interdisciplinary in v support. personal own their outside cause active the also giving are actually who the labs scientists from those their award also and scientists Applaud include zones. that conflict movements” “peace existing of talization 1999). peace, to threats (Developments new peace to and threats new the science-technology possible closing in of given elimination in the be contribution to positive as also well a as must toward gap they research Moreover, their direct achievements. to and incentives research own their by work. their honouring of forms other recognition, awards, and like financial) (beyond forms Incen- different world. many take third may the tives from scientists engaging sciences, social and humanities civ hsga,dvlpn ain eda grsiesrtg ae on based strategy aggressive an need nations developing goal, this achieve r, lpetEuainars u urcl.Esr htsuet anknowledge gain students that Ensure curricula. our across Education elopment oitgaetcnlge ntelvso rwn hlrn n ocet the create to and children, growing of lives the in technologies integrate to Downloaded By: [Laouris, Yiannis] At: 16:34 7 July 2008 ucnCmbl.2 uy20.Tehsoy tutr n ucino h global the of function und structure history, The 2000. July 25 Campbell. Duncan roe ejmnJ 2002. J. Benjamin and Broome, peacemaking diplomacy, Preventive peace: for agenda An to Boutros-Ghali, impasse From Boutros problem: 1996. Cyprus H. B. the Banathy, to solution the Negotiating 2000. H. Anastasiou, hitks .N 93 e oiysineparadigm. science policy new — A 1973. N. A. Christakis, http://www.isss- 2005. ISSS of page methodology. Home emancipatory An management: 2005. Interactive 2002. C. village. G. Alexander, global the of Agoras facilitate to competition. international infrastructure and financial local and and legal scope the international f of of Transformation businesses (3) IT-related quality; start to entrepreneurs educated OCR ttmn nDvlpetEuainadAaeesRaising Awareness and Education century Development 21st the on for Statement dialogue CONCORD spanning Boundary 2003. S. Brahms, and N., A. Christakis, oto a 06 vial t http://nationalpriorities.org/index.php?option at: Available 2006. war of Cost .A xml rmtecs fCpu steognzto fInvto–ehooySca Progress Innovation–Technology–Social of organization the is Cyprus of case the from example An 3. .DvlpetEuaini natv erigpoes one nvle fsldrt,equality, solidarity, of values on founded process, learning active an is Education Development 2. .Afin rmteUie igo neepandt n fteatosta h ml a between gap small the that authors the of one to explained once Kingdom United the from friend A 1. s/fcetpoieaino e uiessadpoetinvtr rmunfair from innovators protect and businesses new of proliferation ast/efficient — dcto,o fLbr(.. ii www.cnti.org.cy/CNTI visit (e.g., Labor of or Education, F fet fgoa sus oproa novmn n nomdatoso uoenctzn and citizens European of actions informed and involvement ( personal de- institutions to international public issues, of awareness global basic of from effects move to people enables v It co-operation. and inclusion, sr fteLno negon utlant iewt and that with and live alignment to in learn errors must and Underground vibrations train London for the account of to users necessary is platforms and trains the pedx2(e eto nCBRIS n ngetrdti lehr LorsadAnastasiou, and (Laouris elsewhere detail in greater briefly in 2005). and described CYBERKIDS) is on which section experiment, (see national 2 15-year-long Appendix a from derived were here presented otx fitouigmdr ehooyadinvto ntelvso rwn children growing the of in lives organized the Exhibitions, in innovation Art and Electronic technology were modern creativity, (http://www.laouris.com/CYBER introducing promote of to context vehicle Another .19.Apol cec:TeCgicp ytmapoc.Systems: approach. system CogniScope The science: people A 1996. —. lpetpirte n utial ua eeomn,truhudrtnigo h assand causes the of understanding through development, human sustainable and priorities elopment isi hc nlssaehnrdb itnuse esnlte uha iitr fCmec,of Commerce, of Ministers as such personalities distinguished by honored are finalists which in airs 6/6929/1.html http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/ at: Available Echelon. as known system surveillance per&Itemid ec-epn ouetA4/7-/411 7Jn 92(ntdNtosDepart- Information). 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University State Iowa http://www.revolutionarycommunistgroup.com/frfi/168/168 tnig erigi h oieage mobile the in learning standing, networks generation next for terminals October. and services to all for scenarios? relevant of development technologies the broadband powerful and of availability the considering applications practical dyslexia on perspectives cross-cultural and gies. rceig eigudrtnig erigi h oieage mobile the in learning understanding, Seeing Proceedings Elsevier. York: New and Amsterdam 147–152. gzn.o/05rbrsilrap(cesdJl 2005). July (accessed agazine.com/2005/robertshiller.asp rc r nentoa utlnuls n ylxacneec:Multilingual conference: dyslexia and multilingualism international 3rd Proc. T echnology idi society in Mind . h etbbl o bust) (or bubble next The NOMTO N OIETCNLGE 269 TECHNOLOGIES MOBILE AND INFORMATION yrs Citizen Cyprus: ovrainter:Apiain neuainadepistemology and education in Applications theory: Conversation Reports/Reports/GITR and . Economy.pdf. abig,M:HradUiest Press. University Harvard MA: Cambridge, sr ´ rc t ol ofrneo oielearning, mobile on conference world 4th Proc. prceetb h icmua rie group trainer bi-communal the by approchement , uaet 83 April. 28–30 Budapest, A . adoko neatv management interactive of handbook 2002 Av 5 1–16. 25, , rc ot1trwrso:Accessibility workshop: Cost219ter Proc. ial t tp/wwgoaaedam- http://www.globalagend at: ailable iasl Cyprus. Limassol, 2003/ICT dtadTeSceyo Dan- of Society The and adet () 131–153. 1(2): fiapf(cesdSep- (accessed Africa.pdf rceig eigunder- Seeing Proceedings .A c.tl(cesdAu- (accessed eco.html , v ,A uaet 83 April, 28–30 Budapest, iala:http://www. at: ailabl i aa yrs 7 Cyprus, Napa, yia . Ames: Oil- . . 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