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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58436-4 - The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871 Geoffrey Wawro Index More information Index Albert, Crown Prince of Saxony, 193, Austria-Hungary, 36, 66, 67, 73, 85, 138, 201–2, 206, 209 187–8, 239, 305, 306 Albrecht, Field Marshal Archduke, 67 Austro-Prussian War (1866), 14–15, Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, 11, 238–9, 16–17, 21, 50–1, 53–4, 55, 57–8, 60, 311 93–4, 111, 119–20, 122–3, 136, 150, Alsace-Lorraine, annexation of, 227, 158, 223, 299–300, 301, 307, 308 230, 235, 239, 244, 246, 253, 303–4, 311, 313–14 Baraguay d’Hilliers, Marshal Achille, 68, Alvensleben, General Konstantin von, 148 114–16, 118, 152, 154, 155, 157, 168, Bavarian army in 1870, 83–4, 102, 105–6, 272 127–8, 130–1, 135–6, 217, 218–19, 253, Andlau, Colonel Joseph, 69, 91, 144, 254, 266–7, 286 159, 165, 180, 198, 243 Bazaine, Marshal Achille, 23, 50, 69–70, Arago, Emmanuel, 39, 140 80, 90, 95, 107–8, 120, 228; command Ardant du Picq, Colonel Charles, 154, at Mars-la-Tour, 151, 152, 155, 156, 174, 175, 307–8 157, 159, 160–1, 308; defeatism in armistice negotiations, 233–4, 234–6, Metz, 186, 188, 194–5, 196, 198, 244–7, 253–5, 278–80, 283, 284, 285, 199–200, 201, 242–5, 249–52, 260; 288, 290–2, 293, 294, 296, 298, generalissimo in 1870, 141, 142, 143–4, 299–306 145–6, 147, 148–9, 150; Gravelotte, artillery: changes after 1866, 57–60, 307; 164–6, 170, 173, 175–6, 178–83, 185; in fighting of 1870, 100–1, 105, 112, political intrigues after Sedan, 239–40, 116, 129–30, 136, 154, 155–6, 158–9, 242–6, 249, 310; resentment of 161–2, 172, 173–5, 184, 216–17, 220, Napoleon III, 68–72, 91–2, 118, 222–3, 224, 226–7, 262, 267–8, 275 141–2, 145–6, 148–9, 165; role at Auftragstaktik, 54, 59, 62, 152 Spicheren, 110, 111, 115, 117–19 Aurelle de Paladines, General Louis, Beaugency, battle of, 284–5, 287 265, 266, 269–71, 274–5, 284 Beaumont, battle of, 206–10, 212, 216 Austerlitz, battle of, 7, 10, 11 Beaumont, Captain Louis de, 178–9 321 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58436-4 - The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871 Geoffrey Wawro Index More information 322 Index Beaune-la-Rolande, battle of, 271–4 and Metz, 165, 169, 178–80, 197, 199, Benedek, General Ludwig von, 14, 15, 200, 245, 249, 252, 253; Loire and 59, 119, 142, 145, 160, 166, 193, 196, Eastern campaigns, 284, 287, 288, 212, 223 293–5, 296, 297–8 Benedetti, Vincent, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 Boyer, General Napoleon,´ 245–6 Berlin, 1 Bredow, General Friedrich Wilhelm von, Biarritz, meeting of (1865), 13–14 156, 162, 168 Bismarck, Count Otto von: armistice Bugeaud, Marshal Thomas, 44, 234 negotiations, 227–8, 234–6, 239–40, Burnside, General Ambrose, 246 244, 246–7, 253–6, 283, 290–2, 296, 299–306; attitude toward German Canrobert, Marshal Franc¸ois, 67, 68, 73, unification, 12–14, 21, 24, 30–1, 226, 75, 76, 94, 103, 148, 151, 154–6;at 301–3, 312; diplomacy, 138, 187–8, Gravelotte, 166, 169, 173–4, 175–6, 238–9, 305–6; dispute with Moltke, 178, 179, 180; in Metz, 196, 197, 198, 278–80, 290–2, 304–5; early dealings 200 with Napoleon III, 12–14, 21; “iron casualties, 90, 119, 136, 146, 160, 174–5, and blood” speech, 14; manipulation 184, 224, 251–2, 262, 274–5, 278, 283, of Bazaine and the Bonapartes after 292, 298, 307 Sedan, 239–40, 244–6, 283, 304; Cavaignac, General Louis, 7, 233 postwar career, 312–13; proclamation cavalry, changes in tactics, 60–4, 94, 110, of German Empire, 282–3, 302–3; 111, 121, 132–3, 145, 156, 210, 221 rivalry with Napoleon III, 20, 22–3, Cavour, Count Camillo, 11, 12, 13 32; role in 1870 operations, 131, 168, Champigny, battle of, 276–8 186, 203–4, 211, 226, 227, 228, 279, Chanzy, General Antoine, 266, 274, 314; siege of Paris, 238, 255–6; war of 284–5, 287–8, 292–3, 295, 296 1866, 14, 16, 21–2, 111; Spanish throne Chassepot rifle, 52–4, 56–7, 90, 93, 98–9, crisis, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37; wrangles with 102, 105, 115, 119, 122, 124, 129, 148, South Germany, 30–2 158, 174–5, 176–7, 184, 242, 272, 307 Blanc, Louis, 7 Chateaudun,ˆ battle of, 264–5 Blanqui, Auguste, 234, 252 Commune, 234, 247–8, 252, 253, 295–6, Blumenthal, General Albrecht von, 95, 301, 310 101, 102, 121–2, 123, 127, 131, 132, Confederation of the Rhine (1806), 21 136, 145, 213, 214, 226, 280, 301 Congress of Vienna (1815), 10 Bonaparte, Jerome-Napoleon,ˆ 12, 68, Conseil-Dumesnil, General Gustave, 167, 187, 189, 190, 233 132, 135, 221 Bonaparte, Louis, see Prince Imperial Coulmiers, battle of, 266–8, 286 Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon, see Cousin de Montauban, General Charles, Napoleon III see Palikao Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon I Crimean War, 10–11, 20, 192, 239, 290, Borny, battle of, 146–7, 150, 165 299–300 Bose, General Julius von, 131, 134, 137 Bothmer, General Friedrich von, 97, 101, Danish War (1864), 13, 14 123, 126 Daru, Napoleon,´ 33 Bouet-Willaumez,¨ Admiral Louis, 191, Decaen, General Claude, 146, 147 192, 206 Denmark, 36, 73, 85, 138, 190 Bourbaki, General Charles, 95, 108, 142, diplomacy, 32, 34–5, 36, 66, 67, 73, 85, 151, 155, 157, 159, 160; at Gravelotte 138, 151, 163, 187–8, 190, 203, 238–9, © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58436-4 - The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871 Geoffrey Wawro Index More information Index 323 246, 290, 299–300, 304, 305–6, 311, Fourichon, Admiral Martin, 189, 190, 312 191–2, 233 disease, 253, 269, 286, 287 Franco-Austrian War (1859), 11–12, 20, Douay, General Abel, 96–8, 101, 103, 51, 55, 57, 60, 92 104, 121 francs-tireurs, 237–8, 257, 264–5, 268–9, Douay, General Felix,´ 95, 96, 208, 218, 279, 288–90, 309–10 220, 221, 224, 228 Fransecky, General Eduard von, 183, 184 Dreyse rifle, see “needle rifle” Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 11, Ducrot, General Auguste, 73, 123, 130, 16, 51, 67 134, 135, 212–13, 215, 216, 217, 218, Freycinet, Charles, 265–6, 270–1, 274, 220, 222, 224, 227, 228; command of 275, 284, 287, 288, 293, 297, 301 Paris, 231, 252, 253–4, 276–8, 280–1, Friedrich Karl, Prince, 61, 80, 92, 93;at 283, 284, 293 Gravelotte, 164, 168, 169–70;at Mars-la-Tour, 152, 159, 161;at economic factors, 189, 256, 310 Spicheren, 107–8, 110, 114, 119, 145, Ems telegram, 37, 301, 311 150; Loire campaign, 271, 274, 275, Eugenie,´ Empress of the French, 7, 19, 284, 287, 288, 292; siege of Metz, 194, 26, 28, 35; downfall, 229, 233, 245, 200, 242–3, 250–1 299; regent, 68, 72–3, 107, 139, 140, Friedrich Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 81, 141, 145, 147–8, 165, 167–8, 191, 84, 93, 95, 97, 101, 107–8;at 192–3, 201, 228 Froeschwiller, 121–2, 123, 127, 128, 131, 132, 135, 136–7, 145; Sedan Failly, General Pierre de, 26, 92, 96, 107, campaign, 187, 193–4, 201–3, 206, 210, 137, 185, 188, 206–7, 216 222, 226; siege of Paris, 290 Favre, Jules, 39, 140, 187; foreign Froeschwiller, battle of, 85, 92, 93–4, 95, minister, 232, 235, 236, 239–40, 246–7, 103, 106, 121–37, 138, 141, 142, 253, 254, 263, 296, 298, 300–1 308 Fay, Colonel Charles, 69, 165, 181, Frossard, General Charles, 23, 67, 73, 77, 196 95, 139, 142; at Gravelotte, 169, 172, Flourens, Gustave, 234, 296 173, 181, 183; at Mars-la-Tour, 151, Foch, General Ferdinand, 307–8 154–5; at Saarbrucken,¨ 86, 90–2, 107; Fontane, Theodor, 1 at Spicheren, 106, 110–11, 114, Forbach, battle of, see Spicheren 116–19, 135; in Metz, 194–5, 196–7 Forey, Marshal Frederic,´ 70 Forton, General Henri de, 151, 156, Gambetta, Leon,´ 29, 38–9, 46, 140, 232, 162 234, 236, 240, 243, 245, 247; peace France, 3; army reforms, 41–6, 48–57, 60, negotiations, 300, 303, 305, 310; war 63–4, 111; military morale problems, leader, 251–2, 262, 265, 266, 269, 42–7, 75–6, 116, 119, 133–4, 136, 144, 270–1, 276, 278, 281, 284, 285, 287, 158, 166, 177, 184, 194–5, 197, 200, 288, 289, 293–4, 297 220, 221–2, 231, 242, 249–51, 252–3, Garde Mobile, 46–7, 75–6, 139, 148, 265, 270, 273–4, 275–6, 287, 288, 236–7, 238, 248, 257, 260, 262, 264, 292–3, 294, 295, 297; recovery from 265, 267–9, 271, 277, 285, 295 defeat, 310–11, 312; war will, 101–2, Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 6, 11, 12, 111, 103, 138–9, 194, 231–2, 234, 237, 247, 262–3, 289, 297 251, 257–8, 263–4, 269, 283, 286–7, general staffs, growing importance of, 294, 303 49–50 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58436-4 - The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871 Geoffrey Wawro Index More information 324 Index German Confederation, 16–17, 19, 21, 22 157–8, 169, 173–4, 177, 178, German Empire, 282–3, 302–3, 312 197, 200 German nationalism, 24, 80, 105, 226, La Motterouge, General Joseph, 257, 230, 304, 312 260–1, 262, 265, 270 Goeben, General August von, 114, 118, Lartigue, General Marie-Hippolyte, 123, 172, 182, 183 132, 134 Government Delegation, see Tours Laveaucoupet, General Sylvain de, government 111–12, 114, 116 Government of National Defense, 167, Leboeuf, Marshal Edmond, 41, 46, 49, 231–4, 243, 246, 247–8, 252, 253 50, 67, 76, 80; corps commandant, 151, Gramont, Duc Antoine de, 33, 35, 36, 155, 156, 169, 181, 183, 197, 200, 244; 37, 38, 76, 85, 103, 140, 162, 190 major general´ , 68, 69, 70, 72–3, 86, Gravelotte, battle of, 144, 166, 169–85, 90–1, 92, 94–5, 96, 107, 120, 140–1, 147 186, 187, 193, 224, 274, 307, 308 Lebrun, General Barthelemy,´ 50, 67, 68, Great Britain, 187–8, 190, 290, 305, 312, 70, 72, 141, 206, 213, 224, 228, 313 313 Leflo,ˆ General Adolphe, 233, 248, 257 guerre a` outrance, see total war Le Mans, battle of, 288, 292–3, 295 Liberal Empire, 27–9 Haussmann, Baron Georges, 28 Loigny, battle of, 274–5 Hericourt,´ battle of, 295 Loire campaign and armies, 251–2, 256, Hindenburg, Lt.
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  • The Franco-Prussian War: the German Conquest of France In

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    P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX QC: IML/FFX T1:IML CB563-FM CB563-Wawro-v3 July 2, 2003 9:55 This page intentionally left blank P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX QC: IML/FFX T1:IML CB563-FM CB563-Wawro-v3 July 2, 2003 9:55 “Geoffrey Wawro has brought us an engrossing, authoritative, superbly researched history, with a glittering cast of characters starting with Bismarck and Napoleon III. The book demonstrates the importance of the Franco-Prussian War to our modern world and will make readers feel as if they are watching the conflict unfold.” – Michael Beschloss, author of The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman, and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1941–1945 (2002) “Wawro combines extensive archival research with perceptive critical in- sight to provide fresh perspectives on a subject dominated for almost a half-century by the work of Michael Howard. The Franco-Prussian War invites and withstands comparison with Howard’s classic volume.” – Dennis Showalter, Professor of History, Colorado College “A lively narrative history, based on an abundance of new research.” – MacGregor Knox, The London School of Economics i P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX QC: IML/FFX T1:IML CB563-FM CB563-Wawro-v3 July 2, 2003 9:55 ii P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX QC: IML/FFX T1:IML CB563-FM CB563-Wawro-v3 July 2, 2003 9:55 The Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 violently changed the course of Eu- ropean history. Alarmed by Bismarck’s territorial ambitions and the Prussian army’s crushing defeats of Denmark in 1864 and Austria in 1866, French Em- peror Napoleon III vowed to bring Prussia to heel.