HAWAIIAN HEALTH TIMELINE AND EVENTS < 100 AD First Polynesian settlers arrive probably The Capital of the Kingdom is moved from Lahaina, practice in the kingdom. Shortly thereafter, Mrs. The Organic Act passed by U.S. Congress. from the Marquesan Islands. Pa‘ao arrived from the Maui to Honolulu, O‘ahu. Judd dies and Mr. Judd has a stroke. School Robert W. Wilcox is elected Hawai‘i’s first south bringing the ali‘i system [1200 AD]. closes. Kamehameha V, age 42, dies of “buttock delegate to Congress. 1845-49 Epidemics in diarrhea (palahī), influenza, abscess, dropsy & asphyxia.” measles, and whooping cough kill over 10,000 1901 Le‘ahi Hospital us founded as a private 1400 Interisland voyaging between Hawai‘i people in the Kingdom. HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 49,000 “home for the Incurables” (mainly tuberculosis) after and islands to the south ends at about the time of the closing of Victoria Hospital in Kaka‘ako. In 1902, Moekeha and the settlement of his sons on Hawai‘i, Influenza is brought to Hawai‘i by California gold 1873 Garbage collection & street cleaning a new building with four wards opens in Ka‘imukī. O‘ahu and Kaua‘i. miners. begin in Honolulu. A 3rd small pox epidemic takes 11 lives. 1907 Tripler Army Hospital opens at Fort Hawai‘i relatively free of disease, although certain 1847 Dr. G. Watson Shafter. infectious diseases were present. and then Dr. Robert Wood 1874 Father Damien open the earliest western starts his services at 1909 Queen’s Hospital amends its charter to 1778 Venereal diseases gonorrhea (ma‘i hilo, medicine pharmacies in Kalawao with Hansen’s eliminate free medical care for indigent Hawaiians, Honolulu. disease patients. King and the formerly government-owned hospital is paia) and syphilis (kaokao) and probably Lunalilo, age 42, dies of privatized. Kauikeolani Children’s Hospital opened tuberculosis are introduced by Captain’s Cook’s 1848 First piped water “pulmonary consumption” on Kuakini St. near Nu‘uanu Ave. sailors. Alcohol in the form of grog is first served to supply is developed. It runs (tuberculosis); his will people of Kaua‘i. from lo‘i kalo mauka of provides for a home for 1910 Anti-tuberculosis Bureau is established Beretania Street to a tank at elderly, infirm and destitute by Board of Health. 1804 Epidemic of ma‘i oku‘u, probably the foot of Nu‘uanu Avenue. Hawaiians. cholera, kills approx.15,000 and thwarts 1911 A case of yellow fever is diagnosed in Kamehameha’s second attempt to conquer Kaua‘i. 1849 French compel HAWAIIAN POPULATION Honolulu. Major fumigation & sanitation efforts the Hawaiian Government to – 46,400 begin to eliminate mosquito hazards. Among the dead are two of Kamehameha’s four allow retail sales of French major counselors: Ke‘eaumoku (father of liquor. 1877 Prince Leleiohōkū, brother of King 1917 Queen Lili‘uokalani, age 79, dies of Ka‘ahumanu) and Keawe-a-Heulu (ancestor of Kalākaua & heir to throne, age 22, dies of rheumatic stroke at Washington Place. Kalākaua). 1850 First Board of Health is appointed by fever (?). Kamehameha III, two years after the first board of 1919 Territorial Legislature established a 1818 “Catarrah and fevers” take 60 lives. health is established in London and before anything 1878 The Board of Health first collects refuse. Hawaiian Medicine Board to license Lā‘au lapa‘au comparable is established in the United States. practitioner. 1819 Kamehameha’s advisors engage 1879 First artesian well drilled by James Spaniard Francisco De Paula Marin as the personal HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 82,035 Campbell in Honouliuli. 1921 The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act physician to the king, but neither he nor the medical is passed by Congress. 1851 The first legislative appropriation in 1880 Walter M. Gibson publishes book, kahuna can save the king after a possible stroke at public health is made by the Hawaiian government: Sanitary Instructions for Hawaiians. 1938 Resident Hawaiians are recognized as the approx. age of 69 at Kamakahonu, Kailua, Kona. $10,000 to prevent cholera. The funds are later having certain fishing rights under federal law in used for small pox victims. 1882 Fourth smallpox epidemic introduced Kalapana area through the Kalapana Extension Act. Overthrow of the kapu systems occurs 6 months from China takes 282 lives. Inspection and licensing after Kamehameha’s death. Heiau are destroyed 1852 First private hospital is opened by Dr. S. of dairies begin in Honolulu. 1959 Hawaii is proclaimed a state by U.S. and kahuna officially lose their powers. Medical Porter Ford in Nu‘uanu. Congress kahuna and kūpuna adjust to the new political, 1883 Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, age 57, dies social and altered religious order. 1853-54 First smallpox (ma‘i pu‘uli‘ili‘i) epidemic of heart failure in Kona. 1965 Hawaiian Medicine Board is abolished. from California takes estimated 7,000 lives. Lā‘au lapa‘au practitioners are no longer licensed. 1884 Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop, age Lomilomi practitioners are licensed under the Board 1820 New England missionaries arrive with HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 70,000 52, dies of breast cancer. of Massage. the first medical doctor, Thomas Holman, who gave care to the ali‘i. 1854 Smallpox vaccination is made 1885 Queen Emma, age 49, dies of stroke. 1974 Hawaiians are included in federal Native compulsory; vaccine imported from London and American legislation. ALU LIKE receives grant HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 150,000 (estimated) New Zealand. Kamehameha III, age 42, dies after 1886 First plantation hospital established at support to conduct a needs assessment of the convulsions and delirium at Ho‘iho‘ike‘ea, Honolulu. Makaweli, Kaua‘i. Hawaiian community. 1823 Ke‘ōpūolani, highest born widow of Kamehameha I, dies at age 45 of chest abscess at 1856 The Hawai‘i Medical Society is 1887 Princess Miriam Likelike, sister of King, 1976 ALU LIKE completes Needs Assessment of chartered. The first flush toilet is installed in the the Hawaiian community, the first such assessment Kaluaokiha, Lahaina. age 36, dies of “exhaustion” following a miscarriage. former ‘Iolani palace. undertaken, the foundation for federal initiatives. The Bayonet Constitution reduces voting rights 1824 Kamehameha II, Liholiho, age 27, and 1859 Queen’s Hospital, founded by of Hawaiians and powers of the King. 1985 E Ola Mau Health Needs Assessment, the his half-sister, Queen Kamāmalu, age 24, die of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma, initially opens first comprehensive health assessment of Hawaiians measles (‘ulali‘i) in London. in a King Street dispensary. Later, it moves to a 1888 A whooping cough epidemic takes 104 in Hawaii, is completed and becomes basis for new building with 124 beds on Punchbowl Street lives in Honolulu. federal legislation. Kaumuali‘i, ruling chief of Kaua‘i, dies at age 44 (?) and offers free care to “indigent, sick and disabled” of poison (?) in Honolulu but is buried in Lahaina. Hawaiians. The hospital is financed by a hospital 1889 Father Damien, age 49, dies in Kalawao 1986 Congressional study of Hawaiian health tax levied against Hawai‘i residents. Dr. William of Hansen’s disease. confirms severity of Hawaiian health issues. 1824-26 “Epidemics of cough” kill thousands. Hillebrand from Berlin is the first director of the hospital. 1890 A diphtheria epidemic takes 104 lives in 1988 Native Hawaiian Health Care Act (Public 1827 Kalanimoku, Prime Minister, dies at age 59 Honolulu. Kapi‘olani Maternity Home is opened by Law 100-579) is passed by Congress. Papa Ola of “dropsy” at Kailua, Kona, Hawai‘i. Medical licensure is required by the Kingdom. Ho‘ōla Lāhui Society in a 5-bedroom cottage at Lōkahi is established. Beretania & Makiki Streets. 1828 Dr. Gerritt P. Judd, missionary physician, 1860 Measles and whooping cough 1992 Native Hawaiian Health Care Improvement arrives in the 3rd Company. The mosquito is epidemics occur. Prostitutes are required to HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 34,400 Act (P.L. 102-396) reauthorized by Congress. The introduced at Lahaina. register; of 512 who register, 207 have venereal Native Hawaiian Health Care Systems and the disease and receive free medical care at Queen’s 1891 King David Kalākaua, age 54, dies of Native Hawaiian Health Scholarship Program are 1832 Whooping cough (kunu kalea) epidemic Hospital. Bright’s disease (kidney failure, at the Palace Hotel identified. takes thousands of lives. in San Francisco. John Dominis Holt, Prince HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 66,900 Consort to Queen Lili‘uokalani, age 60, dies of 1996-1998 E Ola Mau study is updated. Hawaiian 1836 First documented public health measure: rheumatoid arthritis in Honolulu. health problems are still severe but some Kuhina Nui Kīna‘u orders the Honolulu harbor pilot 1861 A second smallpox epidemic causes improvement in morbidity rates noted. to screen all foreign-arriving vessels for small pox. 282 deaths. 1893 Queen Lili‘uokalani yields under protest to the United States after U.S. troops are 1998 Native Hawaiian Health & Wellness Summit Nahi‘ena‘ena, sister of Kauikeaouli, dies at 1862 Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Leiopapa a landed to support local haole insurrectionists. is held, setting the agenda for the next 10 years in age 21, 3 months after childbirth at Kahalekauila, Kamehameha, the young prince and son of The Provisional Government of Hawaii is Hawaiian health. Honolulu. Kamehameha IV and Emma, dies at age 4 of “brain proclaimed. fever.” The cause of death has more recently been Act 162 passes State Legislature charging Papa Ola 1837 Hospital for American seamen was diagnosed as a condition arising from acute HAWAIIAN POPULATION – 40,000 Lōkahi with licensing traditional Hawaiian healing established in Waikīkī. appendicitis with rupture and peritonitis volvulus of practitioners; gathering of kupuna practitioners in the small intestine; or intussusception. FOREIGN POPULATION – 50,000 Kailua-Kona. 1838 Lahainaluna Press publishes Dr. Judd’s Anatomia, first medical book printed in the Hawaiian 1863 Kamehameha IV, Alexander Liholiho, 1894 The Republic of Hawaii is ‘Ahahui o nā Kauka, Association of Native Hawaiian language.