Daughters of Hawaiʻi Calabash Cousins
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AMERICA's ANNEXATION of HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE
A LUSCIOUS FRUIT: AMERICA’S ANNEXATION OF HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE HOWARD JONES, COMMITTEE CHAIR JOSEPH A. FRY KARI FREDERICKSON LISA LIDQUIST-DORR STEVEN BUNKER A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Becky L. Bruce 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that the annexation of Hawaii was not the result of an aggressive move by the United States to gain coaling stations or foreign markets, nor was it a means of preempting other foreign nations from acquiring the island or mending a psychic wound in the United States. Rather, the acquisition was the result of a seventy-year relationship brokered by Americans living on the islands and entered into by two nations attempting to find their place in the international system. Foreign policy decisions by both nations led to an increasingly dependent relationship linking Hawaii’s stability to the U.S. economy and the United States’ world power status to its access to Hawaiian ports. Analysis of this seventy-year relationship changed over time as the two nations evolved within the world system. In an attempt to maintain independence, the Hawaiian monarchy had introduced a westernized political and economic system to the islands to gain international recognition as a nation-state. This new system created a highly partisan atmosphere between natives and foreign residents who overthrew the monarchy to preserve their personal status against a rising native political challenge. These men then applied for annexation to the United States, forcing Washington to confront the final obstacle in its rise to first-tier status: its own reluctance to assume the burdens and responsibilities of an imperial policy abroad. -
Three Chinese Stores in Early Honolulu
Three Chinese Stores in Early Honolulu Wai-Jane Char Early in the nineteenth century, there were three Chinese stores in Honolulu, listed in The Friend on August 11, 1844 as "Samping [Samsing] & Co., Ahung & Co. [Hungtai], and Tyhune." The stores are long gone and forgotten, but they were significant among the commercial establishments of that time. The first store mentioned, Samsing Co., had a modest beginning in the 1830s, next to a bakery on Fort Street, in the middle of the block near the west entrance of today's Financial Plaza. Later Samsing Co. had a location on King Street facing south in the middle of the block between Bethel and Nuuanu Streets. Yat Loy Co. carried on a dry goods business there for most of the twentieth century.1 The second store mentioned was Hungtai Co., begun even earlier at the northeast corner of Fort and Merchant Streets, where today stands the multi-storied Financial Plaza. In 1838, the store moved to a building called the "Pagoda" on Merchant Street, facing the harbor, between Fort Street and Bethel, then not yet opened as a street.2 The third store, Tyhune, also started before the mid-3os, was at the south- west corner of Hotel and Nuuanu Streets. It was marked merely as "Chinese store" on a map drawn by Alexander Simpson in 1843, during contentions over the land claims of Richard Charlton.3 During the period the Chinese stores were in business, Honolulu changed from a small village into a flourishing town with lumber yards, wharfs, streets, schools, and churches. -
A Day in the Life
A Day in the Life “June 29th. A busy day. - - - -” In part, the sole entry for that day in Sybil Bingham’s journal (1820) helps to describe what life was like for the families of the early missionaries in Hawaiʻi. The Prudential Committee of the ABCFM in giving instructions to the pioneers of 1819 said: “Your mission is a mission of mercy, and your work is to be wholly a labor of love. … Your views are not to be limited to a low, narrow scale, but you are to open your hearts wide, and set your marks high. You are to aim at nothing short of covering these islands with fruitful fields, and pleasant dwellings and schools and churches, and of Christian civilization.” (The Friend) Over the course of a little over 40-years (1820-1863 - the “Missionary Period”,) about 184-men and women in twelve Companies served in Hawaiʻi to carry out the mission of the ABCFM in the Hawaiian Islands. One of the first things the missionaries did was to learn the Hawaiian language and create an alphabet for a written format of the language. Their emphasis was on teaching and preaching. The missionaries were scattered across the Islands, each home was usually in a thickly inhabited village, so that the missionary and his wife could be close to their work among the people. In the early years, they lived in the traditional thatched houses – “our little cottage built chiefly of poles, dried grass and mats, being so peculiarly exposed to fire … consisting only of one room with a little partition and one door.” (Sybil Bingham) The thatched cottages were raised upon a low stone platform. -
Princess Ka'iulani
MARILYN STASSEN-MCLAUGHLIN Unlucky Star: Princess Ka'iulani PRINCESS KA'IULANI has long been an enigma. The familiar stories of her short life offer little to go on. Published picture books describe the happy child or dutiful teenager or attractive woman, and the oft- told tales become a bit more romanticized with each retelling. It is dif- ficult to see a real Princess Ka'iulani moving through her adolescence in Europe: first, aware of herself as a princess, focused on her educa- tion, trying to please others; then her struggle through sadness and disillusionment; and finally the reluctant and sometimes bitter accep- tance of her fate—a princess with no kingdom to rule. When we peel away the myth, we see Ka'iulani as a young woman forced to face dramatic changes in her short life because of repeated disappointments and thwarted expectations. Through her letters and the observations of others, Ka'iulani becomes a multifaceted woman —a flesh-and-blood person, not a wispy, gauze-like replication. Princess Victoria Kawekiu Ka'iulani Lunalilo Kalaninuiahilapalapa Cleghorn, only direct heir by birth to the Hawaiian throne, was born October 16, 1875, to the resounding peal of bells from every church in Honolulu.1 Daughter of Princess Likelike and businessman Archi- bald Scott Cleghorn, she was reared to be royalty. Her mother died when Ka'iulani was only eleven, and the future princess was doted upon by her father, her Uncle David Kalakaua, and numerous rela- tives. She grew up surrounded with the certainty that she could some Marilyn Stassen-McLaughlin is a retired Punahou teacher, tutor, and freelance writer who has had a continuing interest in Princess Ka'iulani and the 'Ainahau Estate for more than twenty years. -
Paradoxes of Hawaiian Sovereignty
PARADOXES OF HAWAIIAN SOVEREIGNTY Land, Sex, and the Colonial Politics of State Nationalism J. Kēhaulani Kauanui BASED ON FISCHER PARADOXES OF HAWAIIAN SOVEREIGNTY PARADOXES Land, Sex, and OF HAWAIIAN the Colonial Politics SOVEREIGNTY of State Nationalism J. Kēhaulani Kauanui Duke University Press Durham and London 2018 © 2018 Duke University Press. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Courtney Leigh Baker and typeset in Arno Pro and Avenir by BW&A Books, Inc., Oxford, North Carolina Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani, [date] author. Title: Paradoxes of Hawaiian sovereignty : land, sex, and the colonial politics of state nationalism / J. Kēhaulani Kauanui. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:lccn 2018010545 (print) lccn 2018014706 (ebook) isbn 9780822371960 (ebook) isbn 9780822370499 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9780822370758 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Hawaii—Politics and government—1959– | Hawaii—History—Autonomy and independence movements. | Sovereignty. | Nationalism—Hawaii. Classification:lcc du 627.8 (ebook) | lcc du627.8 .k38 2018 (print) | dcc 996.9/04—dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018010545 Cover art: I Ke Kalo O Keola, courtesy of the artist. © Aaron Kawaiaea. He aliʻi ka ʻāina; he kauā ke kanaka. The land is the chief, the people its servants. — adapted from Mary Kawena Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical -
1856 1877 1881 1888 1894 1900 1918 1932 Box 1-1 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HACKFELD
M-307 JOHANNFRIEDRICH HACKFELD (1856- 1932) 1856 Bornin Germany; educated there and served in German Anny. 1877 Came to Hawaii, worked in uncle's business, H. Hackfeld & Company. 1881 Became partnerin company, alongwith Paul Isenberg andH. F. Glade. 1888 Visited in Germany; marriedJulia Berkenbusch; returnedto Hawaii. 1894 H.F. Glade leftcompany; J. F. Hackfeld and Paul Isenberg became sole ownersofH. Hackfeld& Company. 1900 Moved to Germany tolive due to Mrs. Hackfeld's health. Thereafter divided his time betweenGermany and Hawaii. After 1914, he visited Honolulu only threeor fourtimes. 1918 Assets and properties ofH. Hackfeld & Company seized by U.S. Governmentunder Alien PropertyAct. Varioussuits brought againstU. S. Governmentfor restitution. 1932 August 27, J. F. Hackfeld died, Bremen, Germany. Box 1-1 United States AttorneyGeneral Opinion No. 67, February 17, 1941. Executors ofJ. F. Hackfeld'sestate brought suit against the U. S. Governmentfor larger payment than was originallyallowed in restitution forHawaiian sugar properties expropriated in 1918 by Alien Property Act authority. This document is the opinion of Circuit Judge Swan in The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals forthe Second Circuit, February 17, 1941. M-244 HAEHAW All (BARK) Box 1-1 Shipping articleson a whaling cruise, 1864 - 1865 Hawaiian shipping articles forBark Hae Hawaii, JohnHeppingstone, master, on a whaling cruise, December 19, 1864, until :the fall of 1865". M-305 HAIKUFRUIT AND PACKlNGCOMP ANY 1903 Haiku Fruitand Packing Company incorporated. 1904 Canneryand can making plant installed; initial pack was 1,400 cases. 1911 Bought out Pukalani Dairy and Pineapple Co (founded1907 at Pauwela) 1912 Hawaiian Pineapple Company bought controlof Haiku F & P Company 1918 Controlof Haiku F & P Company bought fromHawaiian Pineapple Company by hui of Maui men, headed by H. -
Mission Stations
Mission Stations The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), based in Boston, was founded in 1810, the first organized missionary society in the US. One hundred years later, the Board was responsible for 102-mission stations and a missionary staff of 600 in India, Ceylon, West Central Africa (Angola), South Africa and Rhodesia, Turkey, China, Japan, Micronesia, Hawaiʻi, the Philippines, North American native American tribes, and the "Papal lands" of Mexico, Spain and Austria. On October 23, 1819, the Pioneer Company of ABCFM missionaries set sail on the Thaddeus to establish the Sandwich Islands Mission (now known as Hawai‘i). Over the course of a little over 40-years (1820- 1863 - the “Missionary Period”), about 180-men and women in twelve Companies served in Hawaiʻi to carry out the mission of the ABCFM in the Hawaiian Islands. One of the earliest efforts of the missionaries, who arrived in 1820, was the identification and selection of important communities (generally near ports and aliʻi residences) as “Stations” for the regional church and school centers across the Hawaiian Islands. As an example, in June 1823, William Ellis joined American Missionaries Asa Thurston, Artemas Bishop and Joseph Goodrich on a tour of the island of Hawaiʻi to investigate suitable sites for mission stations. On O‘ahu, locations at Honolulu (Kawaiahaʻo), Kāne’ohe, Waialua, Waiʻanae and ‘Ewa served as the bases for outreach work on the island. By 1850, eighteen mission stations had been established; six on Hawaiʻi, four on Maui, four on Oʻahu, three on Kauai and one on Molokai. Meeting houses were constructed at the stations, as well as throughout the district. -
Sharks Upon the Land Seth Archer Index More Information Www
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17456-6 — Sharks upon the Land Seth Archer Index More Information Index ABCFM (American Board of ‘anā‘anā (sorcery), 109–10, 171, 172, 220 Commissioners for Foreign Missions), Andrews, Seth, 218 148, 152, 179, 187, 196, 210, 224 animal diseases, 28, 58–60 abortion, 220 annexation by US, 231, 233–34 adoption (hānai), 141, 181, 234 Aotearoa. See New Zealand adultery, 223 Arago, Jacques, 137 afterlife, 170, 200 Armstrong, Clarissa, 210 ahulau (epidemic), 101 Armstrong, Rev. Richard, 197, 207, 209, ‘aiea, 98–99 216, 220, 227 ‘Aikanaka, 187, 211 Auna, 153, 155 aikāne (male attendants), 49–50 ‘awa (kava), 28–29, 80, 81–82, 96, 97, ‘ai kapu (eating taboo), 31, 98–99, 124, 135, 139, 186 127, 129, 139–40, 141, 142, 143 bacterial diseases, 46–47 Albert, Prince, 232 Baldwin, Dwight, 216, 221, 228 alcohol consumption, 115–16, baptism, 131–33, 139, 147, 153, 162, 121, 122, 124, 135, 180, 186, 177–78, 183, 226 189, 228–29 Bayly, William, 44 Alexander I, Tsar of Russia, 95, 124 Beale, William, 195–96 ali‘i (chiefs) Beechey, Capt. Richard, 177 aikāne attendants, 49–50 Bell, Edward, 71, 72–73, 74 consumption, 122–24 Beresford, William, 56, 81 divine kingship, 27, 35 Bible, 167, 168 fatalism, 181, 182–83 Bingham, Hiram, 149, 150, 175, 177, 195 genealogy, 23, 26 Bingham, Sybil, 155, 195 kapu system, 64, 125–26 birth defects, 52 medicine and healing, 109 birth rate, 206, 217, 225, 233 mortality rates, 221 Bishop, Rev. Artemas, 198, 206, 208 relations with Britons, 40, 64 Bishop, Elizabeth Edwards, 159 sexual politics, 87 Blaisdell, Richard Kekuni, 109 Vancouver accounts, 70, 84 Blatchley, Abraham, 196 venereal disease, 49 Blonde (ship), 176 women’s role, 211 Boelen, Capt. -
A Brief History of the Hawaiian People
0 A BRIEF HISTORY OP 'Ill& HAWAIIAN PEOPLE ff W. D. ALEXANDER PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM NEW YORK,: . CINCINNATI•:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK C.OMPANY Digitized by Google ' .. HARVARD COLLEGELIBRAllY BEQUESTOF RCLANOBUr.ll,' , ,E DIXOII f,'.AY 19, 1936 0oPYBIGRT, 1891, BY AlilBIOAN BooK Co)[PA.NY. W. P. 2 1 Digit zed by Google \ PREFACE AT the request of the Board of Education, I have .fi. endeavored to write a simple and concise history of the Hawaiian people, which, it is hoped, may be useful to the teachers and higher classes in our schools. As there is, however, no book in existence that covers the whole ground, and as the earlier histories are entirely out of print, it has been deemed best to prepare not merely a school-book, but a history for the benefit of the general public. This book has been written in the intervals of a labo rious occupation, from the stand-point of a patriotic Hawaiian, for the young people of this country rather than for foreign readers. This fact will account for its local coloring, and for the prominence given to certain topics of local interest. Especial pains have been taken to supply the want of a correct account of the ancient civil polity and religion of the Hawaiian race. This history is not merely a compilation. It is based upon a careful study of the original authorities, the writer having had the use of the principal existing collections of Hawaiian manuscripts, and having examined the early archives of the government, as well as nearly all the existing materials in print. -
BOARD of LAND and NATURAL RESOURCES F~Ecj:"L V :-- O OFFICE of CONS.ERVATION STATE of HAWAI'i and Cur\STA L LANDS
BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES F~ECj:"l v :-- o OFFICE OF CONS.ERVATION STATE OF HAWAI'I AND CUr\STA L LANDS Contested Case Hearing Re Conservation BLNR Contested Case H}~j~_Jpl I 3 p 2: 18 District Use Application (CDUA) HA-3568 Document title: Maelani~,..T ,- := . ~-' .•..1. LAND& for the Thirty Meter Telescope at the Mauna M otiOn ~J\'!..e~;30U RC £ S Kea Science Reserve, Ka'ohe Mauka, CertificateSJ~'Sef;;ia bl WAII Hamakua, Hawai'i, TMK (3) 4-4-015:009 MOTION TO INTERVENE The Congressional Record shows there was No Treaty of Session, it failed in 1893 and 1897. Kingdom ofHawai'i was never at war with the United States. The U.S. invaded the Neutral Kingdom ofHawai'i on January 17, 1893, under the U.S.S. Boston, committing an Act of War against the World recognized Neutral Kingdom ofHawai'i. This is still Piracy & Treason under the 9th Article of Confederation of 1777 and Article 1 section 8 of the 1791 U.S. Constitution, a 123 year old WAR CRIME. The United States has not been SANCTIONED or CHARGED. Take Judicial Notice: A Joint Resolution is a United States Domestic Law, confined only to the boundaries within the United States, not outside the United States like the Islands ofHawai'i. This is a Congressional Fact. The Only Fact that cannot be disputed is that the Hawaiian Islands is not part of the United States under the April30, 1900 Organic Act Section Two of all the LAWS for the TERRITORY OF HAWAll. -
Notes & Queries
Notes & Queries The Journal welcomes responses to previously published articles, statements on Hawaiian and Pacific history, and queries for information that will assist research. Opinions expressed here and elsewhere in the pages of the Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Editorial Board or the Hawaiian Historical Society. THE HALE NAUA SOCIETY In late 1998, the Hawaiian Historical Society and the Hawai'i Com- mittee for the Humanities undertook sponsorship of the translation of the records of the Hale Naua Society, a cultural organization founded by King Kalakaua.1 The planned focus of the translation was the material within manuscript collection M-469 at the Hawai'i State Archives, including minutes of meetings and the original constitu- tion and by-laws of the society. Manuscript Group 469 also contains speeches, membership records, reference data, notes, and records in English as well as in Hawaiian. Because the 1886 Hawaiian manu- script of the constitution and by-laws differs from English-language versions (1886 and 1890), a new translation was deemed worthwhile. In the midst of background research, an important and uncatalogued manuscript was located at the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society and added to the documents to be translated. The fifty-eight-page Buke Oihana, or ritual book, of the Hale Naua Society provides a fas- cinating glimpse of a syncretic blend of Hawaiian culture and West- ern fraternalism. The project will make the translation available to libraries, research institutions and other interested groups. These manuscripts form a vital body of primary source material relating to the first phases of the Hawaiian cultural renaissance undertaken by Kalakaua and Hawaiian nationalists. -
A Portrait of EMMA KAʻILIKAPUOLONO METCALF
HĀNAU MA KA LOLO, FOR THE BENEFIT OF HER RACE: a portrait of EMMA KAʻILIKAPUOLONO METCALF BECKLEY NAKUINA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HAWAIIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2012 By Jaime Uluwehi Hopkins Thesis Committee: Jonathan Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio, Chairperson Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa Wendell Kekailoa Perry DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Kanalu Young. When I was looking into getting a graduate degree, Kanalu was the graduate student advisor. He remembered me from my undergrad years, which at that point had been nine years earlier. He was open, inviting, and supportive of any idea I tossed at him. We had several more conversations after I joined the program, and every single one left me dizzy. I felt like I had just raced through two dozen different ideas streams in the span of ten minutes, and hoped that at some point I would recognize how many things I had just learned. I told him my thesis idea, and he went above and beyond to help. He also agreed to chair my committee. I was orignally going to write about Pana Oʻahu, the stories behind places on Oʻahu. Kanalu got the Pana Oʻahu (HWST 362) class put back on the schedule for the first time in a few years, and agreed to teach it with me as his assistant. The next summer, we started mapping out a whole new course stream of classes focusing on Pana Oʻahu. But that was his last summer.