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Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylini) Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 771–781, 2008 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1393 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Revision of Phaeochiton Kerzhner, 1964 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylini) FEDOR V. KONSTANTINOV St. Petersburg State University, Department of Entomology, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylini, Phaeochiton, revision, taxonomy, new species, key, Mongolia Abstract. The genus Phaeochiton Kerzhner, 1964 is revised and P. alenae sp. n. from Mongolia is described. Differential diagnoses are provided for the genus and its three species. Illustrations of male and female genitalia, tarsus and pretarsus, photographs of the dorsal habitus, hosts, and distributional records of the species discussed are given. INTRODUCTION Stonedahl (1990) provided a discussion on the tax- The tribe Phylini is one of the largest and confusing onomy of Heterocapillus in his detailed revision of Atrac- groups of plant bugs, with many genera lacking adequate totomus Fieber, 1858. In particular, he indicated that the diagnoses. In the Palearctic region the tribe is represented thickness of the second antennal segment is too highly by more than 1000 species from 134 genera (Kerzhner & variable to be used as a diagnostic feature at the generic Josifov, 1999). The group is host-specific, phytophagous level. Stonedahl also noted that at least two groups of and very speciose in grassy steppes, shrublands, saline species can be recognized within Heterocapillus, with H. lands, and deserts of the Mediterranean region and Cen- pici (Reuter, 1899) together with Atractotomus amygdali tral Asia. Wagner, 1960, A. mali (Meyer-Dür, 1843), A. rhodani Phaeochiton Kerzhner, 1964 was originally described Fieber, 1861, and A. vireti Wagner, 1955 apparently as a subgenus of Heterocapillus Wagner, 1960, which in forming a distinct monophyletic group. The four latter turn was initially treated as a subgenus of Atractotomus species were treated by Stonedahl as incertae sedis and Fieber, 1858. The latter genus has a highly complex taxo- referred to as the A. mali complex. Kerzhner & Matocq nomic history and for a long time was recognized almost (1994) subsequently investigated the lectotype of A. vireti solely on the basis of the enlarged second antennal seg- and synonymized this species with A. mali. ment, presence of scale-like setae on dorsum and strongly Pagola-Carte et al. (2006) provided detailed illustra- declivent head without produced clypeus (Wagner, 1952; tions and noted great similarity in the structure of the Carvalho, 1955; Wagner & Weber, 1964). vesica between Atractotomus amygdali and Psallus The original diagnosis of the subgenus Heterocapillus (Mesopsallus) ambiguus (Fallén, 1807). These authors was based on the dorsal vestiture having three distinct also credited Wyniger (2004) who conducted cladistic types of setae and a vesica with one or two well devel- analyses of Psallus spp. and noted that the resulting phy- oped apical blades and the secondary gonopore located logeny does not provide any information on the relation- far from the apex of vesica (Wagner, 1960). Atractotomus ship of P. ambiguus to the other species under study. s. str. was diagnosed by Wagner as having two types of Thus, the monophyly of Heterocapillus is currently cor- setae on the dorsum and the secondary gonopore located roborated almost solely by the dorsal vestiture composed subapically. Subsequently Kerzhner (1962) upgraded of three types of setae. An investigation of the relation- Heterocapillus to generic rank without altering the diag- ships of Heterocapillus spp. with related genera, although nosis. highly desirable, is beyond the limits of the present study The subgenus Phaeochiton was described by Kerzhner due to the limited material at hand. However, I doubt the (1964) to accommodate the single species H. caraganae suggestion that H. pici is a member of the A. mali com- Kerzhner, 1964 and distinguished it from Heterocapillus plex. The former species differs from the A. mali complex by the latter having a distinctly thickened, fusiform in the shape of the vesical apical blade and the secondary second antennal segment in both sexes, the presence of gonopore located at a distance from the apex of the dark setae on the pronotum, uniformly black body colora- vesica. tion and vesica with two apical blades. Later Putshkov In contrast to Heterocapillus, the monophyly of Phaeo- (1977) upgraded Phaeochiton to generic rank and chiton is well corroborated by a number of characters of described P. ebulum Putshkov, 1977. He did not augment the pretarsus, vestiture, and especially male and female the diagnosis of the genus and indicated that P. cara- genitalia, listed in the proposed diagnosis and not shared ganae somewhat resembles Heterocapillus spp. in the by Heterocapillus spp. and related genera. The group is fusiform second antennal segment of females and the sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition at generic level color-pattern of the tibiae of both sexes. and inclusion of any species currently assigned to Hetero- 771 capillus would certainly make Phaeochiton non- The closely related genus Heterocapillus is separated monophyletic. from Phaeochiton by the presence of dark suberect spine- The present paper provides the description of a new like setae on dorsum, typically located on cuneus and at species, as well as a key to species, a revised diagnosis, sides of pronotum and hemelytra, the short claw with and the redescription of the genus. A diagnosis, descrip- broad base and strongly bent apex (Figs 17, 18), the large tion, host and distributional information, a dorsal habitus pulvillus far surpassing half the length of claw, the genital photograph and illustrations of male and female genitalia capsule without keel, the body of vesica without ridges are provided for each species of the genus. along lateral strap and without portion of one strap termi- nating near secondary gonopore (see Figs 711–712A in MATERIAL AND METHODS Wagner, 1975), the unusually large sclerotized rings, and Bar code labels were attached to the specimens and are the C-shaped vestibulum with laterally directed opening referred to as unique specimen identifiers (USIs). Generally (Figs 35, 36). each USI label corresponds to a single specimen; however, some USI labels correspond to two or three specimens in cases Description when several specimens are mounted on one pin. Please refer to Male. Macropterous, with somewhat elongate body, the www.discoverlife.org website to access additional informa- total length 3.7–5.5. tion, such as color photographs, specimens dissected, notes, col- lecting method, and specimens photographed for specimens examined in the Planetary Biodiversity Inventories Project on TABLE 1. Measurements (mm). Plant Bugs and the present paper. The original locality data are given in square brackets, if different from the currently existing Length Width toponyms (see specimens examined). Species Cun- Pro- Ant- Pro- Inter Body Head All measurements are in millimeters (see Table 1). All scale Clyp notum Seg2 notum OcDi bars are 0.05 mm. The vesica is figured in lateral and ventral P. alenae views which are identical in all species and correspond to the % right side and ventral views of the vesica located in the body of (N = 10) Mean 5.07 4.26 0.75 1.31 0.91 1.57 0.44 the insect. All explanations of terminology used for the descrip- SD 0.27 0.19 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.01 tion of the vesica are given in the Figs 13, 15. All specimens Range 0.95 0.73 0.20 0.38 0.08 0.23 0.03 examined in the course of this study, including types, are Min 4.60 3.90 0.63 1.05 0.88 1.43 0.43 retained at the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg. Max 5.55 4.63 0.83 1.43 0.95 1.65 0.45 TAXONOMY & (N = 10) Mean 4.46 3.87 0.74 1.20 0.91 1.55 0.49 Phaeochiton Kerzhner, 1964 SD 0.27 0.20 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.07 0.01 Phaeochiton Kerzhner, 1964: 128 (as subgenus of Heterocapil- Range 0.80 0.70 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.20 0.03 lus; upgraded by V.G. Putshkov, 1977: 370). Type species by Min 4.00 3.50 0.70 1.10 0.88 1.45 0.48 monotypy: Heterocapillus caraganae Kerzhner, 1964. Max 4.80 4.20 0.78 1.30 0.95 1.65 0.50 Diagnosis P. caraganae Recognized among other Phylini by the following com- % (N = 10) Mean 4.27 3.59 0.73 1.29 0.89 1.41 0.41 bination of characters: vestiture composed of narrow, api- SD 0.25 0.18 0.04 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.02 cally acuminate silver scale-like setae densely distributed Range 0.80 0.63 0.13 0.28 0.08 0.28 0.08 on dorsum, sometimes also ventrally, and simple silver setae, sometimes darkened on apical part of forewing; Min 3.90 3.30 0.65 1.15 0.88 1.28 0.38 second antennal segment cylindrical in males, cylindrical Max 4.70 3.93 0.78 1.43 0.95 1.55 0.45 or fusiform in females; pretarsus with thin and straight, & (N = 10) Mean 4.16 3.66 0.74 1.34 0.91 1.44 0.47 slightly medially curved claw, pulvillus narrow and rela- SD 0.17 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.01 tively small, covering at most half of ventral surface of Range 0.60 0.25 0.08 0.19 0.05 0.18 0.03 claw (Figs 19, 20); genital capsule with low ventro-apical Min 3.80 3.50 0.70 1.23 0.88 1.35 0.45 keel; body of S-shaped vesica with distinctive curvature Max 4.40 3.75 0.78 1.41 0.93 1.53 0.48 and form reminiscent of Europiella spp., with several closely approximating ridges running along margin of lat- P.
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