DOCSLIB.ORG

Spotlight on Animal Play

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spotlight on Animal Play Have fun being YOUR FAVORITE ANIMAL A child’s interest in animals can show up in many different ways. Children who love animals want to read books about them, see movies about them, visit zoos and animal sanctuaries, dress up in animal costumes, make animal sounds, adopt all sorts of animals as house pets, and even pretend to be animals. Young fans of the animal kingdom are often full of questions about animal ways and habitats. Wildlife documentaries are usually their first-choice viewing during television time. Some children even enjoy experimenting with how it must feel to live like some of the animals that have so thoroughly captured their imaginations. This Spotlight includes a number of creative ideas for children who love animals—imaginative ways to play and to think about animals. We hope you’ll take a look at these ideas and add some of your own activities to offer fun experiences for animal-loving children. “Talk like the animals …” Build a beaver lodge. Pretend to be a beaver living in the lodge with its family. Then, be the beaver coming out of the lodge to build dams or to explore and hunt for food. Build a wooden house for your cat. Building a cat shelter and attaching it to a tall post gives your cat a handy place to keep watch for other animals. Please turn the page for more ideas. More bright ideas: WHERE TO GO and WHAT TO DO for FUN! Imaginative animal play begins with a spirit of fun Find a place where your favorite animal likes to be. If that animal lives in the woods, find a place in the trees, on the rocks, or by a stream. If your favorite animal is a farm animal, find a place in a barn or pasture. Make yourself comfortable and wait there for a while. Watch for other animals. Listen for animal sounds. “… from the tiger’s view of things” “… where a deer slept” Go into the woods. If you have an animal tracks book, take it with you. Find a place where you think a raccoon, a rabbit, or a mountain lion might live. Look for tracks. If you don’t find any, use a stick to make some on the ground. Later take your friends out and ask them to identify the animal tracks. Look for the places where animals sleep. Deer, bears, and wild turkeys sleep in the woods. Cows, horses, and pigs sleep in barns. Squirrels sleep in nests in the trees. If you can’t find the places where animals sleep, make a place for them. “… the way the monkey moves” You can see all of these ANIMALS in our area: “… with the stealth of a mountain lion” Possibilities, a project of the Center for Innovative and Promising Practices at the Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute, is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education (H128J000084).The Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute is a not-for-profit organization conducting asset-based activities that promote and enhance the healthy development of children, families, and communities. www.experiencethepossibilities.info Animal-loving children delight in furry, feathered, or fishy friends Many children are fascinated by members of the animal kingdom. Be they wild or domestic, free or captive, viewed from a safe distance or cuddled close in small arms, animals of all sorts are magnets for the interest of many children. Our area offers a wealth of ways—many of them very child-friendly—to interact with animals. Animal exhibits, animal shelters and clinics, pet shops, farms, stables, and special pet-adoption days are just a few of the opportuni- ties. Nature trails, public parklands, duck ponds, fishing holes, and other outdoor sites provide even more opportunities for animal sighting and observation. A child's interest in animals can be very specific— a particular breed of dog, for example—or embrace an entire world of "critters." Discovering all kinds of ways to "talk to the animals" might become a pastime your whole family will enjoy! Is this something you like to do? • Offer to walk your neighbors’ dogs. • Examine shallow ponds for signs of fish, frogs, turtles, and other creatures. • Watch the newspapers for announcements of “pet adoption days” so you can simply stop by to stroke and romp with all the puppies and kittens. • Make regular treks to a favorite duck pond. • Volunteer to help at a “dog wash” fundraiser, animal shelter, or animal rehabilitation facility. • Visit petting zoos at school fairs. If so, you’re a true animal lover! More bright ideas: WHERE TO GO and WHAT TO DO for FUN! Where to find friendly creatures in our community Possibilities, a project of the Center for Innovative and Promising Practices at the Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute, is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education (H128J000084).The Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute is a not-for-profit organization conducting asset-based activities that promote and enhance the healthy development of children, families, and communities. www.experiencethepossibilities.info Feathered friends are FUN and fascinating! Does your little one stop and listen with obvious most communities—they can be as near as a child's pleasure to birdsong? Is she always the first one to bedroom window and as appealing as the protected spy a nest cradled in the branches of a bush or tree? bird habitats in a well-planned nature preserve. Does he make sketches of birds and bring home Interest in feathered creatures may begin with the picture books about birds from the library? Are simple task of tending backyard feeders and parakeets, and cockatiels on her list of "the world's birdbaths, then grow into sighting and identification greatest pets?" expeditions complete with day packs, binoculars, and If you answer "yes" to any of these questions, field guides. you may have a true "birder" in the family. Young bird We hope your bird-loving child will enjoy many of lovers may be bird watchers, bird owners, or both! the activities and resources listed in this Spotlight. Opportunities for bird watching are abundant in It's for the birds! Take wing with these projects: grains such as millet, wheat, and oats; pieces of dried or fresh fruit; and sugar water (for hummingbirds). et up a bird-feeding station. Choose a location S you can see from a window. Be sure it's near any children enjoy preparing special treats perches and hiding places so visiting birds will feel M for wild birds who spend the winter months in safe. This way you're not only feeding birds, you're our area. In mid December, why not decorate a creating a handy bird watching spot, too! "Christmas tree" especially for the birds? Find a Foods a bird-feeding station might contain are: pretty evergreen in your yard or a nearby wooded sunflower seeds in a hanging feeder; a lump of suet area. Adorn its branches with appealing food (beef fat), plain or mixed with seeds, suspended in a "ornaments" for the birds: pine cones stuffed with wire mesh container or a plastic mesh onion bag; peanut butter and rolled in mixed seeds; suet blocks cracked corn in a feeder or sprinkled on the ground; suspended from colorful ribbons; garlands of popped and peanut butter stuffed into holes you've drilled or corn; wreaths of cranberries; dried apple rings; and carved in a piece of wood hung from a tree branch. orange-half "baskets" filled with birdseed. Other foods to attract and nourish birds are raw, It's also a good idea to give birds a source of unsalted peanuts and other chopped nuts; coconut; drinking water near this tree. A shallow bowl or tray More bright ideas: WHERE TO GO and WHAT TO DO for FUN! Resources for bird-loving children Local bird-watching sites: filled with water and placed on the ground or a tree or neighborhood. Check with local home improvement/ stump is a good choice. Remember to replenish the bird hardware stores to find out when children's wood- foods and water throughout the cold months. crafting workshops focusing on bird houses and feeders might be scheduled. Also, check the library for books n the spring, place handfuls of sphagnum moss, bits with instructions for these projects. Find out how to I of cotton, and short lengths of soft yarn or string in clean out the houses at the end of the nesting season so the branches of a bush or tree. Birds will gather these that birds can use them safely year after year. treasures and weave them into their nests. Children like spotting these offerings in birdhouses and trees later in ake a bird walk with your family. See how many the season. T different kinds of birds you can find. egin a lifetime bird-sighting journal. This is a way ake a bird shadow puppet. Cross your hands at B for a child to keep a record of all the types of birds M the wrists with both palms facing toward you. he or she sees. Have fun making and illustrating your Hook your thumbs together. Place your hands between a own small booklet, or buy a blank book or an official light source and a blank wall to produce a bird-shaped sighting list for this purpose. It's fun to identify each shadow on the wall. Your thumbs form the bird's head bird you spot, record the date, time, and place of the and your fingers are its wings. Move your fingers to sighting, and describe the bird's appearance or what it make your shadowbird fly! was doing when you saw it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Winter Bird Feeding
    BirdNotes 1 Winter Bird Feeding birds at feeders in winter If you feed birds, you’re in good company. Birding is one of North America’s favorite pastimes. A 2006 report from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that about 55.5 mil- lion Americans provide food for wild birds. Chickadees Titmice Cardinals Sparrows Wood- Orioles Pigeons Nuthatches Finches Grosbeaks Blackbirds Jays peckers Tanagers Doves Sunflower ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Safflower ◆ ◆ ◆ Corn ◆ ◆ ◆ Millet ◆ ◆ ◆ Milo ◆ ◆ Nyjer ◆ Suet ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Preferred ◆ Readily Eaten Wintertime—and the Living’s counting birds at their feeders during selecting the best foods daunting. To Not Easy this winterlong survey. Great Back- attract a diversity of birds, provide a yard Bird Count participants provide variety of food types. But that doesn’t n much of North America, winter valuable data with a much shorter mean you need to purchase one of ev- Iis a difficult time for birds. Days time commitment—as little as fifteen erything on the shelf. are often windy and cold; nights are minutes in mid-February! long and even colder. Lush vegeta- Which Seed Types tion has withered or been consumed, Types of Bird Food Should I Provide? and most insects have died or become uring spring and summer, most dormant. Finding food can be espe- lack-oil sunflower seeds attract songbirds eat insects and spi- cially challenging for birds after a D Bthe greatest number of species. ders, which are highly nutritious, heavy snowfall. These seeds have a high meat-to- abundant, and for the most part, eas- shell ratio, they are nutritious and Setting up a backyard feeder makes ily captured.
    [Show full text]
  • Feed Wild Birds, EC 1554
    The Wildlife Garden EC 1554 Reprinted May 2003 $1.50 Feed Wild Birds E. Henning and N. Allen Feeding wild birds has become one of America’s favorite hobbies. It’s easy to attract birds to your yard, and there are many different ways to do so. The most common way is to put out bird feeders for them. Many wild birds such as chickadees, nuthatches, juncos, finches, and jays are regular visitors to feeders in urban areas. Types of food You can buy many types of wild bird foods. They usually consist of whole and shelled seeds that are packaged as a single type or in a variety of mixtures. Different seeds attract different species of birds (see Table 1, page 2). If you’re just getting started with a bird-feeding project, you might want to experiment to see which birds are in your area. Start by putting out a seed mix in an open place and see which kinds of birds you attract. Observe which seeds are wasted or pushed aside. Once birds have started coming to your yard, it is easier to lure them to separate feeding stations. Eric Henning, student, Avoid seed mixes that contain Department of Fisheries only a small amount of sunflower and Wildlife; and Figure 1. Tube feeder with perch. Nancy Allen, Extension seeds. These mixes can be wasteful Illustration courtesy of Wild Birds wildlife instructor; and messy. Commercial wild Unlimited, Inc. Oregon State University 1 Table 1. Common backyard birds and foods they like. Bird Sunflower seeds White millet Nyjer Peanuts Suet Chickadee X* X X House finch/Purple finch X* X X Sparrows X X* X X X Jays X X X American goldfinch X X X* Dark-eyed junco X X* X X X Spotted towhee X* X X Bushtit X Downy/Hairy woodpecker X X Nuthatches X* X X Mourning dove X X* X Quail X* Crow/Raven X Varied thrush X X * Indicates favorite seed choice birdseed mixes usually contain a lot of milo or White proso millet millet, which most wild birds don’t eat.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Bird Feeding Adopting a Bird Feeding Program on Your Property Provides an Opportunity to Enhance Habitat for Wildlife and to View Birds First Hand
    A Guide to Bird Feeding Adopting a bird feeding program on your property provides an opportunity to enhance habitat for wildlife and to view birds first hand. The actual process of attracting birds can be quite simple and very satisfying. Anyone with even a small piece of land, whether in a rural, suburban, or urban setting, can attract and feed birds with success. How do birds spend the winter? During colder winter months when natural food sources such as insects, berries, nuts, and seeds become scarce, birds readily seek reliable food sources to supplement their wild diet. Birds spend their time in one particular area and travel throughout this territory searching for food all day. Providing bird feeders can greatly enhance the wildlife habitat value of your property. Your goal is to have your property on their list of daily stops. What do birds eat? Just like people, birds have food preferences. For example, hummingbirds sip nectar, wrens eat insects, owls prefer rodents, and finches like seeds. Birds that prefer to eat insects, nectar, and fruit generally migrate to the southern United States and Central and South America during the winter. In these warmer climates, they find the food they need to survive. Most of the birds you will attract to your feeder eat seeds as a major part of their diet. Seeds provide protein and fat that give birds energy and help them stay warm. The beaks of seed-eating birds are especially de- signed for crushing hard shells. You will notice that many birds at your feeder, such as finches, cardinals, and grosbeaks, have fat, large beaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Sbnature from Home IMAGINATION ADAPTATION a SCIENCE and ART ACTIVITY Best for Ages 7–12, This Activity Can Be Done with 1–4 People
    SBnature From Home IMAGINATION ADAPTATION A SCIENCE AND ART ACTIVITY Best for ages 7–12, this activity can be done with 1–4 people. Background: All animals have certain physical and behavioral characteristics that make them suited to their habitat (the environment where an animal lives, where they can find food and shelter). We call such characteristics adaptations. Let’s think about how certain animals’ physical traits help them in their habitats. Why does a giraffe have a long neck? The giraffe’s neck is an adaptation that has allowed giraffes to be able to eat food from tall trees that other animals in their habitat cannot reach. Why does a tiger have orange fur with black stripes? A tiger’s appearance is an adaptation that helps the animal blend into its environment, which makes it easy for them to sneak up on their prey. In this activity, we focus specifically on bird adaptations. Not every type of habitat can sustain every type of bird. Let’s learn about the types of birds that can live in the different environments of Santa Barbara: the desert, islands, and mountains. Then let’s imagine some new birds adapted to our local habitats! Get ready: Let’s research more about the different characteristics that make birds more successful in specific environments. • Watch this video from Cornell University that reviews the physical characteristics of a bird that play a part in what kind of food it eats, and where the bird is physically suited to survive: Bird Feeding Adaptations (13 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZ8NMBDCJw Pay special attention to the following physical traits of a bird: • Beak – size and shape determine what that bird eats.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Feeders
    ome ldlife H ng Wi Bringi Bird Feeders Bird feeders offer a fun and entertaining way to observe birds up close and connect with nature. They also supplement the natural food sources available for birds in your yard or garden. Different species of birds prefer varying types of feeder foods. Nourishment for wildlife should come primarily from natural food sources such as native plants. Feeders should only be supplied to complement birds’ natural diets. Bird Feeding Tips Bird feeders come in many shapes and sizes, and are • Provide multiple feeding stations in different areas of your yard to often designed for specific bird species. This one is designed disperse bird activity. Feed in moderation, with only a few feeders per for hummingbirds. acre. • Clean your feeders regularly with hot water, and let them air dry Bird feeders are completely. Also keep areas under and around the feeders clean. great for providing • Keep seed clean and dry, and watch for mold. food during times of • Use a seed blend designed for your feeder and the types of birds you scarcity, but food for feed. Blends that contain filler seeds and grains (milo, sorghum, and red wildlife should come or golden millet) are not typically eaten by birds, and will often end up primarily from natural on the ground. sources such as • If you find a dead bird near the feeder that has not been killed by a native plants. predator, disinfect the feeders with a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water. Inspiring Americans to protect wildlife for our children’s future.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Hazards to Wild Birds and Risk Factors Associated with Anthropogenic Rstb.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Food Provisioning
    Health hazards to wild birds and risk factors associated with anthropogenic rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org food provisioning Becki Lawson1, Robert A. Robinson2, Mike P. Toms2, Kate Risely2, 3 1 Review Susan MacDonald and Andrew A. Cunningham 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Cite this article: Lawson B, Robinson RA, 2British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK 3 Toms MP, Risely K, MacDonald S, Cunningham Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK AA. 2018 Health hazards to wild birds and risk BL, 0000-0003-1706-7140; MPT, 0000-0002-0823-5336; AAC, 0000-0002-3543-6504 factors associated with anthropogenic food provisioning. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373: Provision of supplementary food for wild birds at garden feeding stations is a common, large-scale and year-round practice in multiple countries includ- 20170091. ing Great Britain (GB). While these additional dietary resources can benefit http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0091 wildlife, there is a concomitant risk of disease transmission, particularly when birds repeatedly congregate in the same place at high densities and Accepted: 8 November 2017 through interactions of species that would not normally associate in close proximity. Citizen science schemes recording garden birds are popular and can integrate disease surveillance with population monitoring, offering One contribution of 14 to a theme issue a unique opportunity to explore inter-relationships between supplementary ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host– feeding, disease epidemiology and population dynamics. Here, we present parasite dynamics in wildlife’.
    [Show full text]
  • Starlings and Mynas
    Beneficial Starlings The Eurasian Rose-colored and African Wattled Starlings are believed Starlings to be beneficial due to their insect con­ trol near agricultural crops. Both species establish breeding colonies in and Mynas areas where swarms of locusts and by Susan Congdon, grasshoppers appear. It is believed that Disney's Animal Kingdom, FL they eat enough of these insects to protect food crops. banded and released have been sub­ Pest Starlings? he names starling and myna sequently recovered when found for There are some species of star­ are often used interchange­ sale in Indonesian bird markets. The ling/myna that are considered to be T ably similar to pigeoN. and conversion of forest to agricultural pests. The European Starling and dove. Myna is the Hindi word for star­ land, and deforestation for firewood Common Myna are two examples of ling and is often used for species native and human settlements have greatly this. European Starlings were intro­ to southern and southeastern Asia and decreased their natural habitat. duced to North America and are the southeastern Pacific. Many of the In response to the decreasing wild extremely gregarious. As well as dam­ Asian birds are known as both starlings population, the American Zoo and aging important crops they compete and mynas. Aquarium Association, Jersey Wildlife with native birds for hollows in which Preservation Trust, and the Indonesian to nest. Near Extinction ofthe Bali Myna government have set up a Species Common Mynas, introduced to There are 114 species in the Survival Program (SSP). The main goals many places including Hawaii and sturnidae family.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service 2017 Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds George M. Linz USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Page E. Klug USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Richard A. Dolbeer Wildlife Services Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Life Sciences Commons Linz, George M.; Klug, Page E.; and Dolbeer, Richard A., "Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds" (2017). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 1983. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/1983 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CHAPTER 2 Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds George M. Linz and Page E. Klug National Wildlife Research Center Bismarck. North Dakota Richard A. Dolbeer Wildlife Services Sandusky. Ohio CONTENTS 2.1 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Breeding Biology
    [Show full text]
  • Backyard Birds Brochure
    Beyond the Backyard Backyard Birds ♦ The Nevada Birding Map, pro‐ duced by NDOW, Lahontan Tips on Attracting and Audubon Society, the US Fish Feeding our and Wildlife Society, and the US The Nevada Department of Wildlife offers Feathered Friends Forest Service details statewide a Birds of Nevada Checklist brochure that birding destinations and are will increase your awareness of the variety available at NDOW offices. of Nevada’s birds that can be found in your B region. ♦ Pickup your Birds of Nevada ACKYARD Pickup your brochure at your local NDOW Checklist at your local NDOW of‐ office listed below or visit www.ndow.org/ fice or visit www.ndow.org/wild/ wild/bird/. bird/ to download the checklist. ♦ You can participate in counting and documenting the variety of birds you observe by visiting CONTACT US www.birdcount.org. B ♦ Other birding links: Lahontan Audubon Society: IRDS www.nevadaaudubon.org Red Rock Audubon Society: www.redrockaudubon.org The Nevada Department of Wildlife Great Basin Bird Observatory: Reno: (775) 688-1500 www.gbbo.org Las Vegas: (702) 486-5127 Partners in Flight: Elko: (775) 777-2300 www.partnersinflight.org Fallon: (775) 423-3171 Winnemucca: (775) 623-6565 HawkWatch International: Ely: (775) 289-1655 www.hawkwatch.org Henderson: (702) 486-6742 www.ndow.org Nevada Department of Wildlife www.ndow.org Bird Feeder Attracting Hummingbirds Bird Feeding Tips Feeding birds in your own yard can be Attracting hummingbirds to your yard an extremely rewarding pastime. It can be done by selecting a natural ap‐ has the flexibility of being a small‐scale proach, an artificial one, or a combina‐ project or a major endeavor.
    [Show full text]
  • For the Birds Among the Fondest and Most Memorable Moments of Childhood Are the Discoveries of Songbirds Nesting in the Backyard
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service For the Birds Among the fondest and most memorable moments of childhood are the discoveries of songbirds nesting in the backyard. The distinctive, mud-lined nests of robins and their beautiful blue eggs captivate people of all ages. Likewise, the nesting activities of house wrens, cardinals, chickadees and other common birds can stimulate a lifelong interest in nature. Introduction As you learn to enjoy the beauty of birdlife around their home, you may wish to improve the “habitat” in your yard so that more birds will visit your property. You can attract birds by placing bird feeders, nest boxes, and bird baths in your yard, and by planting a variety of trees, shrubs, and flowers. These can provide good nesting sites, winter shelter, places to hide from predators and natural food supplies that are available year-round. Backyard bird feeding is a convenient way to enjoy wildlife. More than 65 million Americans of all ages watch, feed and landscape for birds. It doesn’t matter where you live—in an apartment, townhouse or single family dwelling, in the city, suburbs or country. Just stand still and you’ll hear them: wild birds. It is hard to imagine life without them. Bird watching is one of the fastest growing forms of outdoor recreation in the country. Each year millions of people discover for the first time the joys of birdwatching. It’s easy to understand why. Birds are fun to watch. And you can watch them just about everywhere. The most convenient place to start is right in your own backyard.
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Bird Feeding
    University of Birmingham Garden bird feeding: Insights and prospects from a north-south comparison of this global urban phenomenon Reynolds, Silas; Galbraith, Josie; Smith, Jennifer; Jones, Darryl DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00024 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Reynolds, S, Galbraith, J, Smith, J & Jones, D 2017, 'Garden bird feeding: Insights and prospects from a north- south comparison of this global urban phenomenon', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 5, 24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00024 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Wild Bird Feeder Design Being a Thesis Subm
    THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL What Makes Bird Feeders Attractive to Birds? Implications for Wild Bird Feeder Design being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of MSc Biological Sciences in the University of Hull by Luke Rothery BSc September 2015 1 Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 4 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 Urbanisation .............................................................................................................................. 8 Supplementary Feeding ............................................................................................................ 9 Benefits of supplementary feeding ....................................................................................... 9 Survival .................................................................................................................................. 9 Reproduction ...................................................................................................................... 10 Population Distributions and Species Diversity .................................................................. 11 Negative effects of supplementary feeding .......................................................................
    [Show full text]