DOCSLIB.ORG

An in Silico Approach to Identify the Protein Targets of Common Dental Pathogens Targeted by Genistein

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An in Silico Approach to Identify the Protein Targets of Common Dental Pathogens Targeted by Genistein ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020 AN IN SILICO APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE PROTEIN TARGETS OF COMMON DENTAL PATHOGENS TARGETED BY GENISTEIN B.Vivek Babu1, Dr.A.S.Smiline Girija2, Dr.J.Vijayashree Priyadharsini3 1Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science(SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India 2Associate Professor, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science(SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India 3Assistant Professor/Research Scientist [Geneticist], Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre - Dental Research Cell [BRULAC-DRC], Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Poonamallee High Road, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu,India. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 14 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 8 July 2020 ABSTRACT: Oral pathogens have created a menace in recent years due to the acquisition of characters such as biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug resistance. Although the current treatment strategy works well with antibiotics, chronic usage of antibiotics creates a selective pressure which leads to enhanced adaptability of the pathogens. In this context, an in silico study was designed to analyse the potential targets of genistein in common dental pathogens. In the present study, STITCH tool was used to reveal the interactions between genistein and the protein repertoire of the pathogen selected for the study. The virulence proteins are identified using VICMPred and VirulentPred softwares. The sub-cellular location of the virulence encoded protein and the epitopes were identified using PSORTb and BepiPred tools. Genistein was found to target several crucial proteins such as those involved in DNA replication such as gyrase A and B, membrane associated protein such as serine/threonine kinase. Virulence encoded proteins along with their putative antigenic epitopes were also identified. The results of the in silico study demonstrate the targets of genistein in the common dental pathogens. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to substantiate the mode of action of genistein in a complex physiological environment. KEYWORDS: Genistein, phytochemicals, anti-microbial, dental pathogens, virulence proteins. I. INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial agents have long been used to target pathogenic microorganisms. Although effective in most circumstances, in many instances the antibiotics administered fail to act upon the pathogens due to increasing antimicrobial resistance exhibited by them. Imposing more potent antibiotics against drug resistant microbes is a potential threat to the health of the host. Hence, an alternative measure has to be adopted to combat such menace in the clinical settings. Several dental pathogens have also been reported to harbour drug resistant genes which tend to hamper the treatment procedure [1],[2]. Such situations may be handled by moving the focus towards alternative medicine employing herbs and bioactive compounds from plants. Isoflavones are flavonoids which are found to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Several reports have confirmed the effect of isoflavones in preventing chronic inflammatory diseases [3]. In this context, the present study has been designed to analyse the activity of genistein upon common dental pathogens which is considered to be activators of inflammatory responses. One of the important isoflavone present in soy is genistein, which is a phytoestrogen as well. The biological activities of genistein include inhibition of inflammation, modulation of steroidal hormone receptors, promotion of cell death by apoptosis and regulation of metabolic pathways [4]. Since these pathways are directly or indirectly related to inflammatory, metabolic diseases and malignant transformation, genistein will be an excellent alternative for synthetic drugs used to treat such disorders. Genistein being a protein kinase inhibitor exhibits antibacterial activity by preventing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells [5]. 3340 ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020 Oh et al., demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of genistein against Vibrio vulnificus, a model organism for bacterial septicaemia. They found that genistein inhibited the adhesion of V.vulnificus to HeLa cells and prevented cell death [6]. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays generally determine the susceptibility or resistance of a specific pathogen against the compound tested. The underlying mechanisms contributing to the effect goes undetermined. Computational tools ease the screening process and unravel the putative molecular pathways which are targeted by the bioactive compound. Identification of potential drug targets in the pathogen will enable researchers to develop newer drugs directed towards these proteins, which eventually leads to the death of the pathogen. Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and organisms of the red complex group are most often focused on due to a plethora of complications and dental problems associated with them. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains used in the study The following strains available in the STITCH database were used for the present study. Streptococcus mutans UA159, Enterococcus faecalis V583, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037.7 Analysing protein interaction network STITCH is an exhaustive pipeline which can be used for predicting the interactions between chemicals and proteins. The interactions are of two types (a) direct or physical and (b) indirect or functional associations which arise from data accumulated in the primary databases. The repertoire of proteins which interacts with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia were used for predicting virulence [7]. The FASTA format of protein sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) domain and used for predicting the functional class of proteins and their virulence properties [8]. Prediction of functional class of interacting proteins VICMpred server aids in the classification of pathogenic microbial proteins into four major classes namely, virulence factors, information and storage processing, cellular process and metabolism. The principal virulence factors such as adhesins, toxins and haemolytic molecules are identified based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm which classifies proteins based on their amino acid composition and sequence pattern [9]. Prediction of virulence properties of interacting protein The identification of virulent bacterial protein targeted by a drug or phytocompound helps in substantiating the antimicrobial activity of the compound. VirulentPred is a yet another SVM based method, used for automated prediction of virulent proteins based on the sequences (bioinfo.icgeb.res.in/virulent). The scores with positive predicted values are more often categorised into virulent protein and those with negative predicted values are categorised as avirulent proteins [10]. Prediction of B-cell epitopes in the virulence proteins Epitopes are small regions on the antigens recognized by antibodies. Identification of B-cell epitopes on the virulence proteins identified could add more advantage to the phytocompound selected for the study. BepiPred 2.0 server was used to identify the peptide epitopes on the virulent proteins. The peptide molecules which scored above a threshold greater than 0.5 are predicted to be part of the epitope and are colored yellow in the graph [11],[12]. Prediction of sub-cellular localization of proteins The identification of the subcellular localization of virulence proteins are of prime importance as the efficiency of the compound lies in target identification. Cell surface proteins are readily targeted, whilst, the cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins need proper drug delivery systems to target the protein of interest. Hence, PSORTb V.3.0 was used for identification of sub-cellular location of virulence proteins [12]. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The in silico approach employed identified the potential targets of genistein in Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia of which some of them were found to be virulence encoded as assessed by the prediction tools. Software like STITCH, VICMPred, PSORTb and BepiPred were used to identify the drug protein interactions, virulent nature of the proteins, subcellular localization and putative epitopes in the proteins identified (Figure 1). Inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase and aspartate carbamoyltransferase of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Serine/threonine protein kinase of Streptococcus mutans, Sensor histidine kinase/response regulator of Treponema denticola, Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalytic chain of Tannerella forsythia were identified as 3341 ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020 virulence factors (Table 1). These virulence factors were principally involved in metabolism and cellular processes. In addition to the proteins involved in various biological processes, enzymes involved in DNA replication processes such as gyrase and topoisomerase were targeted by genistein in all the five species of bacterial pathogens. The subcellular location of virulence proteins were in the cytoplasm, with an exception of serine/threonine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Downloaded from 3
    Philips et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:402 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06810-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Analysis of oral microbiome from fossil human remains revealed the significant differences in virulence factors of modern and ancient Tannerella forsythia Anna Philips1, Ireneusz Stolarek1, Luiza Handschuh1, Katarzyna Nowis1, Anna Juras2, Dawid Trzciński2, Wioletta Nowaczewska3, Anna Wrzesińska4, Jan Potempa5,6 and Marek Figlerowicz1,7* Abstract Background: Recent advances in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed the metagenomic analyses of DNA from many different environments and sources, including thousands of years old skeletal remains. It has been shown that most of the DNA extracted from ancient samples is microbial. There are several reports demonstrating that the considerable fraction of extracted DNA belonged to the bacteria accompanying the studied individuals before their death. Results: In this study we scanned 344 microbiomes from 1000- and 2000- year-old human teeth. The datasets originated from our previous studies on human ancient DNA (aDNA) and on microbial DNA accompanying human remains. We previously noticed that in many samples infection-related species have been identified, among them Tannerella forsythia, one of the most prevalent oral human pathogens. Samples containing sufficient amount of T. forsythia aDNA for a complete genome assembly were selected for thorough analyses. We confirmed that the T. forsythia-containing samples have higher amounts of the periodontitis-associated species than the control samples. Despites, other pathogens-derived aDNA was found in the tested samples it was too fragmented and damaged to allow any reasonable reconstruction of these bacteria genomes. The anthropological examination of ancient skulls from which the T.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: a Systematic Review
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Maria Contaldo 1,* , Alberta Lucchese 1, Antonio Romano 1 , Fedora Della Vella 2 , Dario Di Stasio 1 , Rosario Serpico 1 and Massimo Petruzzi 2 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (D.D.S.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.V.); [email protected] (M.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3204876058 Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study Citation: Contaldo, M.; Lucchese, A.; design was a systematic review.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevotella Intermedia
    The principles of identification of oral anaerobic pathogens Dr. Edit Urbán © by author Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine ESCMID Online University of Lecture Szeged, Hungary Library Oral Microbiological Ecology Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) by Jan Verkolje Leeuwenhook in 1683-realized, that the film accumulated on the surface of the teeth contained diverse structural elements: bacteria Several hundred of different© bacteria,by author fungi and protozoans can live in the oral cavity When these organisms adhere to some surface they form an organizedESCMID mass called Online dental plaque Lecture or biofilm Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Gram-negative anaerobes Non-motile rods: Motile rods: Bacteriodaceae Selenomonas Prevotella Wolinella/Campylobacter Porphyromonas Treponema Bacteroides Mitsuokella Cocci: Veillonella Fusobacterium Leptotrichia © byCapnophyles: author Haemophilus A. actinomycetemcomitans ESCMID Online C. hominis, Lecture Eikenella Library Capnocytophaga Gram-positive anaerobes Rods: Cocci: Actinomyces Stomatococcus Propionibacterium Gemella Lactobacillus Peptostreptococcus Bifidobacterium Eubacterium Clostridium © by author Facultative: Streptococcus Rothia dentocariosa Micrococcus ESCMIDCorynebacterium Online LectureStaphylococcus Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Microbiology of periodontal disease The periodontium consist of gingiva, periodontial ligament, root cementerum and alveolar bone Bacteria cause virtually all forms of inflammatory
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic
    antibiotics Review Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Rubik’s Cube of Clinical Microbiology? Márió Gajdács 1,*, Gabriella Spengler 1 and Edit Urbán 2 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] 2 Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-62-342-843 Academic Editor: Leonard Amaral Received: 28 September 2017; Accepted: 3 November 2017; Published: 7 November 2017 Abstract: Anaerobic bacteria have pivotal roles in the microbiota of humans and they are significant infectious agents involved in many pathological processes, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Their isolation, cultivation and correct identification differs significantly from the workup of aerobic species, although the use of new technologies (e.g., matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whole genome sequencing) changed anaerobic diagnostics dramatically. In the past, antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms showed predictable patterns and empirical therapy could be safely administered but recently a steady and clear increase in the resistance for several important drugs (β-lactams, clindamycin) has been observed worldwide. For this reason, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic isolates for surveillance
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Tannerella Forsythia and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Pathogenesis of Esophageal Cancer Bartosz Malinowski1, Anna Węsierska1, Klaudia Zalewska1, Maya M
    Malinowski et al. Infectious Agents and Cancer (2019) 14:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-019-0220-2 REVIEW Open Access The role of Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis in pathogenesis of esophageal cancer Bartosz Malinowski1, Anna Węsierska1, Klaudia Zalewska1, Maya M. Sokołowska1, Wiktor Bursiewicz1*, Maciej Socha3, Mateusz Ozorowski1, Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska2 and Michał Wiciński1 Abstract Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterial species which have been implicated in periodontal diseases as a part of red complex of periodontal pathogens. Esophageal cancer is the eight most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Higher rates of esophageal cancer cases may be attributed to lifestyle factors such as: diet, obesity, alcohol and tobacco use. Moreover, the presence of oral P. gingivalis and T. forsythia has been found to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Our review describes theroleofP. gingivalis and T. forsythia in signaling pathways responsible for cancer development. It has been shown that T. forsythia may induce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 by CD4 + T helper cells and TNF-α. Moreover, gingipain K produced by P. gingivalis, affects hosts immune system by degradation of immunoglobulins and complement system (C3 and C5 components). Discussed bacteria are responsible for overexpression of MMP-2, MMP-2 and GLUT transporters. Keywords: Esophageal cancer, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis Background of cases) and adenocarcinoma (10%). Currently, there is a Cancer is a significant problem in the modern world. It downward trend in the incidence of squamous cell carcin- concerns the entire population. In developed countries, oma and an increase in adenocarcinoma [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Trichomonas Vaginalis Vast Bspa-Like Gene Family: Evidence for Functional
    Noël et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:99 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/99 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Trichomonas vaginalis vast BspA-like gene family: evidence for functional diversity from structural organisation and transcriptomics Christophe J Noël1, Nicia Diaz2, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten3, Lucie Safarikova4, Jan Tachezy4, Petrus Tang5, Pier-Luigi Fiori2, Robert P Hirt1* Abstract Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral human sexually transmitted pathogen and importantly, contributes to facilitating the spread of HIV. Yet very little is known about its surface and secreted proteins mediating interactions with, and permitting the invasion and colonisation of, the host mucosa. Initial annotations of T. vaginalis genome identified a plethora of candidate extracellular proteins. Results: Data mining of the T. vaginalis genome identified 911 BspA-like entries (TvBspA) sharing TpLRR-like leucine-rich repeats, which represent the largest gene family encoding potential extracellular proteins for the pathogen. A broad range of microorganisms encoding BspA-like proteins was identified and these are mainly known to live on mucosal surfaces, among these T. vaginalis is endowed with the largest gene family. Over 190 TvBspA proteins with inferred transmembrane domains were characterised by a considerable structural diversity between their TpLRR and other types of repetitive sequences and two subfamilies possessed distinct classic sorting signal motifs for endocytosis. One TvBspA subfamily also shared a glycine-rich protein domain with proteins from Clostridium difficile pathogenic strains and C. difficile phages. Consistent with the hypothesis that TvBspA protein structural diversity implies diverse roles, we demonstrated for several TvBspA genes differential expression at the transcript level in different growth conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Smoking Different Tobacco Types on The
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The impact of smoking diferent tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study Sausan Al Kawas1,2, Farah Al‑Marzooq3*, Betul Rahman2,4, Jenni A. Shearston5,6,7, Hiba Saad1, Dalenda Benzina1 & Michael Weitzman5,6,8,9 Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the efect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of diferent tobacco types and their efect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non‑smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplifed and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were signifcantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome. Periodontal disease is considered the most common chronic infammatory disease of the oral cavity and a major cause of tooth loss in adult population worldwide 1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M. Colby Hunter1, Alex E. Pozhitkov2, and Peter A. Noble#3 5 6 *Corresponding author, Peter A Noble, Email: [email protected] 7 8 Authors’ affiliations: 9 10 1. Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101 11 2. Department of Oral Health, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 12 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 13 3. Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 14 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 15 16 Authors’ emails: 17 18 Hunter: [email protected] 19 Pozhitkov: [email protected] 20 Noble: [email protected] 21 22 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 23 ABSTRACT (N=305 WORDS) 24 25 Conceptual models suggest certain microorganisms (e.g., the red complex) are indicative of a specific 26 disease state (e.g., periodontitis); however, recent studies have questioned the validity of these models. 27 Here, the abundances of 500+ microbial species were determined in 16 patients with clinical signs of 28 one of the following oral conditions: periodontitis, established caries, edentulism, and oral health.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Review The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis Katarzyna Hampelska 1,2, Marcelina Maria Jaworska 1 , Zuzanna Łucja Babalska 3 and Tomasz M. Karpi ´nski 3,* 1 Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Swi˛ecickiego4,´ 60-781 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (K.H.); rufi[email protected] (M.M.J.) 2 Central Microbiology Laboratory, H. Swi˛ecickiClinical´ Hospital, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna´n,Poland 3 Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-61-854-6138 Received: 27 June 2020; Accepted: 31 July 2020; Published: 2 August 2020 Abstract: Halitosis is a common ailment concerning 15% to 60% of the human population. Halitosis can be divided into extra-oral halitosis (EOH) and intra-oral halitosis (IOH). The IOH is formed by volatile compounds, which are produced mainly by anaerobic bacteria. To these odorous substances belong volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), aromatic compounds, amines, short-chain fatty or organic acids, alcohols, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, and ketones. The most important VSCs are hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and methyl mercaptan. VSCs can be toxic for human cells even at low concentrations. The oral bacteria most related to halitosis are Actinomyces spp., Bacteroides spp., Dialister spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Leptotrichia spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Solobacterium spp., Tannerella forsythia, and Veillonella spp. Most bacteria that cause halitosis are responsible for periodontitis, but they can also affect the development of oral and digestive tract cancers.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantification of Bacteria in Mouth-Rinsing Solution For
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Quantification of Bacteria in Mouth-Rinsing Solution for the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease Jeong-Hwa Kim 1,†, Jae-Woon Oh 1,†, Young Lee 2, Jeong-Ho Yun 3 , Seong-Ho Choi 4 and Dong-Woon Lee 1,* 1 Department of Periodontology, Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea; [email protected] (J.-H.K.); [email protected] (J.-W.O.) 2 Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; [email protected] 4 Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2225-1928; Fax: +82-2-2225-1659 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing periodontitis via the identification of 18 bacterial species in mouth-rinse samples. Patients (n = 110) who underwent dental examinations in the Department of Periodontology at the Veterans Health Service Medical Center between 2018 and 2019 were included. They were divided into healthy and periodontitis groups. The overall number of bacteria, and those of 18 specific bacteria, were determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction in 92 mouth-rinse samples. Differences between groups were evaluated through logistic regression after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking history. There was a significant difference in the prevalence (healthy vs. periodontitis group) of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2.9% vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Subgingival Bacterial Microbiota Associated with Ovine Periodontitis1 2*  3 4, 5 2 2, Natália S
    Pesq. Vet. Bras. 39(7):454-459, July 2019 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5913 Original Article Livestock Diseases ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) PVB-5913 LD Subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis1 2* 3 4, 5 2 2, Natália S. Silva , Ana Carolina Borsanelli3 , Elerson Gaetti-Jardim2 Júnior Christiane Marie Schweitzer , José Alcides S. Silveira , Henrique A. Bomjardim ABSTRACT.- Iveraldo S. Dutra and José D. Barbosa Subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis. Silva N.S., Borsanelli Pesquisa A.C., Veterinária Gaetti-Jardim Brasileira Júnior E., 39(7):454-459 Schweitzer C.M., Silveira J.A.S., Bomjardim H.A., Dutra I.S. & Barbosa J.D. 2019. Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Castanhal, Rodovia BR-316 Km 61, Castanhal, PA 68741-740, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Periodontitis is an inflammatory response in a susceptible host caused by complex microbiota, predominantly composed of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Aiming to characterize the subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in subgingival periodontal pocket samples of 14 sheep with severe periodontitis and in subgingival sulcus biofilm of 14 periodontally healthy sheep in Tannerellasearch mainly forsythia of Gram-negative (78.6%), Treponema and Gram-positive denticola (78.6%), microorganisms Fusobacterium considered nucleatum important (64.3%), periodontopathogens.and Porphyromonas gingivalis The most prevalent bacteria in the sheep with periodontalF. nucleatum lesions (42.8%) were Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus (50%), faecium, whereas Prevotella in the nigrescens, healthy sheep, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodontal Microbiology 2 Alexandrina L
    Periodontal Microbiology 2 Alexandrina L. Dumitrescu and Masaru Ohara There is a wide agreement on the etiological role of bac- gival plaque. Many subgingival bacteria cannot be teria in human periodontal disease. Studies on the micro- placed into recognized species. Some isolates are biota associated with periodontal disease have revealed fastidious and are easily lost during characterization. a wide variety in the composition of the subgingival Others are readily maintained but provide few posi- microfl ora (van Winkelhoff and de Graaff 1991). tive results during routine characterization, and thus The search for the etiological agents for destructive require special procedures for their identifi cation. periodontal disease has been in progress for over 100 4. Mixed infections. Not only single species are respon- years. However, until recently, there were few consen- sible for disease. If disease is caused by a combina- sus periodontal pathogens. Some of the reasons for the tion of two or more microbial species, the complexity uncertainty in defi ning periodontal pathogens were increases enormously. Mixed infections will not be determined by the following circumstances (Haffajee readily discerned unless they attract attention by their and Socransky 1994; Socransky et al. 1987): repeated detection in extreme or problem cases. 5. Opportunistic microbial species. The opportunistic 1. The complexity of the subgingival microbiota. Over species may grow as a result of the disease, taking 300 species may be cultured from the periodontal advantages of the conditions produced by the true pockets of different individuals, and 30–1,000 spe- pathogen. Changes in the environment such as the cies may be recovered from a single site.
    [Show full text]