21St Annual Training Seminar & & &

JUNE / JULY / AUGUST 2012 ▪ Vol 27 Issue 3

theThe Official Publication of thePRINT Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers An Association for Scientific Investigation and Identification Since 1937 21st Annual Training Seminar Ontario, California

In DNA Era, Police Print Lab Still Crime-Solving Workhorse PAGE 4

&Thermal Latent Print Development PAGE 6

&APPLE In a Rush to Get Fingerprint Technology PAGE 9

&New Clue on How Brain Processes Visual PAGE 12 2 OFFICERS 2012

PRESIDENT Lisa Jackson Santa Monica Police Dept. (310) 458-8494 [email protected] FIRST VICE PRESIDENT Cynthia Fortier Los Angeles Sheriff’s Dept. (323) 260-8550 [email protected] Resources SECOND VICE PRESIDENT Mark Waldo “Every man owes a part of his time and money to the business Santa Ana Police Dept. (714) 245-8475 or industry in which he is engaged. No man has a moral right to [email protected] withohld his support from an organization that is striving to improve SECRETARY Amy Hines conditions within his sphere.” Riverside District Attorney’s Office (951) 304-5398 - President Theodore Rossevelt, 1908 [email protected] SERGEANT AT ARMS Tony Nguyen For subscription or membership information, or address corections contact: Pomona Police Dept. (909) 802-7418 [email protected] SCAFO Amy Hines, Secretary CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Debbie Stivers 30755 Auld Road Glendale Police Dept. (Retired) 3rd Floor Rm, 3221 (661) 713-1344 [email protected] Murrieta, CA 92563 TREASURER [email protected] Cindee Lozano $30 yearly subscription (attendance required for membership) Fullerton Police Dept. (714) 738-3170 $35 yearly for International Subscriptions [email protected] DIRECTOR Sheri Orellana CSDIAI Russ Silcock, Secretary-Treasurer Pomona Police Dept. P.O. Box 10 (909) 620-3726 [email protected] Roseville, CA 95678-0010 DIRECTOR (916) 508-3518 Josie Mejia [email protected] Los Angeles Sheriff’s Dept. (562) 345-4461 $40 yearly membership [email protected] DIRECTOR Nicholas Burman IAI Glen Calhoun San Diego Police Dept. (619) 525-8481 2131 Hollywood Blvd. Suite 403 [email protected] Hollywood, FL 33020 DIRECTOR (954) 589-0628 Terri Beatty Los Angeles Sheriff’s Dept. theiai.org/membership (213) 989-2163 $70 yearly membership / $35.00 Students [email protected] PARLIAMENTARIAN Bob Goss San Bernardino Police Dept. ON THE COVER: (909) 388-4904 Unusual Print of polydactylism was submitted [email protected] by Leszek Jarzab, a Latent Print Examiner from HISTORIAN Poland William F. Leo Los Angeles Sheriff’s Dept. (Retired) (213) 898-2163 [email protected] EDITOR Tony Nguyen Pomona Police Dept. (909) 802-7418 [email protected] WEBMASTER Mari Johnson Los Angeles Sheriff’s Dept. (213) 989-2163 [email protected] WWW.SCAFO.ORG

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 3 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear SCAFO Members, science as a whole. I highly recommend participating in this fun filled learning environment hosted by University The SCAFO Board has been working diligently on of Tennessee’s Anthropology Research Facility. its upcoming 21st Annual Training Seminar being held at the Hilton Ontario Airport Hotel, Friday, October 5th, While I had a great time networking with the 2012 and Saturday, October 6, 2012. We are pleased members at the San Diego meeting this past August 2012, to bring this year’s seminar back to the Ontario Hilton I am saddened to announce the “disappearance” of my Airport Hotel where are beloved gavel. It was taken members are treated like ever so suddenly while I briefly family. In keeping with our turned my back to handle logo of standardization, the important business of training & professionalism, guiding the members toward this year’s seminar boasts the delicious barbeque being an excellent line-up of served. I am pleased to speakers and vendors from announce that I kept my gavel various companies, who will safe for eight long months share the latest in forensic before the “kidnapping” was training, advances in perpetrated against me. While technology and innovation. I didn’t put out an APB like the Also in keeping with this prior SCAFO President did year’s 75th anniversary last year, I was encouraged celebration, we have a to complete a sore feelings roaring 20’s masquerade report instead! The tradition party planned for the social continued as I was quickly event on Friday evening handed a drinking glass and which includes prizes, fun spoon as my replacement and celebration. Come gavel. I must admit the one…come all and be drinking glass and spoon prepared to hear fantastic work reasonably well in a speaker presentations, visit pinch. For the kidnapper(s), our vendors, and dance to I have a message…my days the music our DJ all night have been long not knowing long! This will be a great the whereabouts of my dear opportunity to network with gavel, is she being taken care other members and non of properly, has she received - members from local law her monthly murphy’s oil rub enforcement agencies and down? The thought of her afar. Don’t forget to reserve your hotel room. The hotel being out there all along has been very difficult for me also offers an excellent breakfast buffet for free if you are this past month…however, vengeance will be mine! registered as a hotel guest. Finally, I look forward to meeting each of you Our August training was hosted by Junior Director, throughout the remainder of the year and hope to see you Nicholas Burman of San Diego Police Department at the at the upcoming SCAFO Seminar. great Phil’s Barbeque – Event Center in San Diego, Ca. The speaker, Heidi Herbert, Crime Scene Investigator Sincerely, with the San Diego Police Department presented a presentation on “2.5 Acres in Tennessee of Decomp Lisa Jackson in June”. The presentation was an introduction to the SCAFO President body farm and it benefits to the development of forensic

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 4 IN DNA ERA, POLICE PRINT LAB STILL CRIME-SOLVING WORKHORSE By David Hench [email protected] (This article is reprinted from an article that appeared June 12, 2012 in The Portland Press Herald)

containing the same complex and unique combination of whorls and loops. Even when there are no usable fingerprints, evidence technicians can sometimes lift enough of a palm print to get a match.

Greater Portland’s Metropolitan Regional Crime Laboratory has in the past two and a half years linked fingerprints taken from 295 crime scenes -- called latent prints -- to prints collected by corrections officers at the Cumberland County Jail, identifying suspects and closing cases.

In the 18 months since the jail began taking palm prints as part of its routine intake process, palm prints collected at crime scenes have been matched to offenders 65 times. Portland Police Department evidence technician Frank Pellerin examines a palm print on his computer monitor. The automated fingerprint/palm print identification Photos by John Ewing/Staff Photographer system consists of an extremely powerful desktop computer and a flatbed -- albeit state of the art -- scanner, Greater Portland’s metropolitan crime laboratory has in which cost $45,000 and $30,000, respectively. the past 2½ years linked fingerprints taken from 295 crime scenes to prints collected at the county jail, identifying “I think that by far it’s assisted us in solving more crimes suspects and closing cases. than any other piece of equipment we’ve been able to purchase,” said Assistant Chief Vern Malloch of the Last month, a Portland woman reported that a stranger Portland Police Department, where the regional crime lab broke into her High Street apartment and tried to rape her. is housed.

She didn’t know him, and police had only a vague The lab’s success rate is so high that the manufacturer, description to work with, but within a few hours officers SPEX Forensics, is using it to market its products. identified the suspect, and tracked him to a West End apartment just two days after the attack. The key to the lab’s success has been its ability to electronically scan and compare prints quickly. Evidence technicians had retrieved a fingerprint from a foil condom wrapper, downloaded it into the regional When a person is booked into the county jail, corrections crime lab’s automated fingerprint identification system officers scan prints electronically, and those digital and matched it with Mohammed Mukhtar, an 18-year-old images are automatically compared with all latent prints who had been arrested -- and fingerprinted -- for allegedly in the database. driving without a license a month earlier. “It’s only a couple minutes, but you take a busy night with While the cutting-edge science of DNA analysis gets a lot 15 or 16 people coming in and half of them intoxicated, of the glory in forensics, fingerprints -- and increasingly, it can be difficult. But the payback has been pretty palm prints -- remain a workhorse of crime scene good,” said Cumberland County Sheriff Kevin Joyce, who investigation. oversees the jail and whose law enforcement division participates in the regional lab. The palm is in many ways like a giant fingerprint,

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 5 IN DNA ERA, POLICE PRINT LAB STILL CRIME-SOLVING WORKHORSE

The jail has long served as a repository of information about Malloch said directors of the regional lab understood offenders, including vital statistics, identifying marks and when purchasing its system that it wouldn’t be able to mug shots. It makes sense to collect electronic fingerprint communicate with the state. But the system was more information from all offenders the jail processes, even if affordable and better met the needs of departments their infractions are minor, Joyce said. participating in the regional lab.

“If you spend extra time today fingerprinting somebody Also, most crimes -- some estimates suggest about 90 coming in for a driving offense ... they may be a burglary percent -- are committed by local offenders, Malloch said. suspect on down the road,” Joyce said. Police can still send prints to the state, which can compare them to the northern New England database. The lab has archived 20,450 sets of fingerprints -- although some are multiple sets from the same offender The automated print systems won’t solve every crime. because they’re taken each time a person is booked at Usable prints are only recovered from about 30 percent the jail. It has archived 10,500 palm prints. of crime scenes, Malloch said.

Of these, 1,227 fingerprints and 135 palm prints collected In the past, palm prints were only collected for so-called from crime scenes are from unknown persons. major crimes. But the scanners make it easy to collect them. When prints are collected from a crime scene, they are scanned into the system and immediately compared to Now, every county jail in the state scans fingerprints and all known offenders and existing crime scene prints in the palm prints, said Kim Stevens, senior lab scientist at the system. State Crime Lab. They are sent to the state for inclusion in the State Bureau of Identification database. The state The “hit rate” for the number of latent prints that match shares with federal authorities. with a known offender’s prints exceeds 20 percent. Maine State Police Lt. William Harwood said that even When the computer suggests a possible match, a person though the Greater Portland lab can’t automatically check trained in print comparison will check to see whether in the state’s database, it can email in the images to the fact there is a “hit.” State Crime Lab.

Bangor uses the same system as Greater Portland, but is The check is not immediate, but the backlog of roughly still loading prints from previous crimes into its database. 40 cases is much smaller than the 300 it was just a few It’s a time-consuming process because someone has to years ago, he said. go into each case file and determine whether any prints were gathered.

Neither Bangor nor Greater Portland can search the state’s database electronically, because the proprietary software each uses doesn’t communicate. To do a statewide search, investigators from each county must submit a copy of prints collected from a crime scene for the state to analyze against its database.

Bangor and Portland eventually will be able to search each other’s databases, however, because they both use the same system, said Bangor Detective Larry Morrill.

A close-up of a palm print is shown on Pellerin’s computer.

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 6 THERMAL LATENT PRINT DEVELOPMENT By Michael E. Stapleton and Kourosh Nikoui (This article originally published in the July – August 2012 issue of Evidence Technology Magazine).

During the Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers conference in Burbank, California in October 2009, two speakers on the platform were Adam G. Brown and Daniel Sommerville. Sponsored by Foster + Freeman Ltd., the speakers presented a research project they and their associates conducted at the University of Technology, Sydney’s Centre for Forensic Science, in Sydney, Australia. The project involved the thermal development of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces.

In their review of the literature for their research, Brown, Somerville, et al., found a section in the seminal text, Scott’s Fingerprint Mechanics, that discusses the thermal development of latent prints and cites research done in the 1940s. The technique involved the application of heat by a typical clothes iron to a piece of paper. The heat will char This latent print was deposited by a male Fremont PD employee on a the organic substances in the latent print residue and cause section of computer paper. It was exposed at 1500mm per second with the latent print to become visible. The text explains, “As an temperature set at 100% on the TFD-2. It was visualized with the use of intentional means of developing latent prints, heat is not a a Foster + Freeman blue/green 530nm forensic light and photographed practical technique. Although heat cannot be considered a through a Tiffen 23A barrier filter. practical latent print development technique, a number of arson cases have been solved as a result of latent prints developed by heat.” It was suggested that more predictable their presentation: As they began to experiment with the results could be obtained with the use of chemicals such as application of heat to paper, they were causing smoke iodine and ninhydrin. and fire alarms to go off in the lab to the consternation of university’s administration. In the beginning, they applied Brown, Sommerville, et al., decided to revisit this discounted heat to various paper substrates with thermal sources such thermal development technique and determine whether as hair flat irons, hot-air guns, and furnaces. they could develop more reliable and consistent outcomes. They also shared a personal humorous anecdote during The research team discovered that with the application of heat for short durations—before the paper becomes charred— the (still invisible) sebaceous or eccrine latent prints would fluoresce under forensic-light illumination at 505 nm and observed through a 450-nm barrier filter lens. They deduced that the conditions required for the thermal development of fingerprints are rapid heating in air to a temperature between 220° and 300°C. Heating at temperatures below 200°C for longer durations did not yield successful visible print development, while heating above 300°C appeared to be too rapid for latent print development and usually caused paper to become scorched or to ignite.

In conclusion, their research showed that eccrine-rich and sebaceous-rich latent print impressions on paper may be made visible on various paper substrates by the application of heat between 220° and 300°C and when observed under illumination in the 505 nm range of light. They claimed the thermal development of latent prints on paper and other These prints are from identical-twin, seven-year-old females who wrote surfaces has great potential as a simple, low-cost, chemical- a “thank you” note to one of the authors. The latent impressions were free method for latent print detection and visualization, deposited slightly more than two weeks before processing with the TFD- particularly in situations where development might not 2. The substrate was lined note paper. The TFD-2 was set to maximum otherwise be attempted for reasons of time and expense. temperature and exposure at 1,500 mm per second. Visualization was with the use of a Foster + Freeman blue/green 530-nm forensic light Foster + Freeman became interested in the work of these and photographed through a Tiffen 23A barrier filter. researchers and began the commercial research and SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 7 development of a thermal latent print developer for paper- or • Brown cardboard cellulose-based substrates. Today, they call their instrument • White paper towels the Thermal Fingerprint Developer, or TFD-2. • Post-it Notes – assorted colors (3 x 3 in.) • Thick, white card stock (8.5 x 11 in.) Foster + Freeman recently loaned the authors one of their • Newspaper TFD-2 units to experiment with for one week. The kit Initially we used sebaceous and amino-acid reference included the Foster + Freeman Crime-lite 82S Blue (495 nm) pads to deposit and developed excellent results—with the and 82S Blue/Green (530 nm). Our research was conducted exception of U.S. currency, brown cardboard, and paper with the TFD-2 kit at the Fremont (California) Police that inherently fluoresced brightly under a forensic light Department Crime Lab where author Nikoui is employed as source, such as yellow-colored Post-it Notes. We found the chief forensic specialist. We used the TFD-2 within the the latent prints that exhibited the best contrast between confines of a fume hood to vent any smoke created by our the substrate and the impression were visualized with the experimentation with this instrument. Foster + Freeman blue/green 530 nm forensic light and viewed through an orange barrier filter lens. Foster + Freeman advertises the TFD-2 as an automated, high-throughput device capable of developing fingerprints Many of the latent prints we developed contained all three on large quantities of documents. levels of friction ridge detail useful for identification of the donor. Newspapers did not reveal stellar results because Evidence is placed on the motor-driven conveyor tray and the substrate’s background was too fluorescent and did not passed under an intense heating element. The heating provide enough contrast to observe the latent print. Paper element raises the temperature of the document and causes containing large fibers in the substrate, such as brown a chemical reaction between the latent fingerprint and the cardboard, did not reveal usable latent print impressions. paper’s surface. This produces a fluorescent byproduct that This was because the intense fluorescence of the fibers in is visible with the use of a forensic light source in the range this paper substrate lessened the visibility of the latent print. of 495 nm (blue) and 530 nm (blue/green). The user has complete control over the progress of development through To get closer to “real world” examples, we had various variation of conveyor speed and heat-source intensity. The individuals of a variety of age groups at Fremont Police benefits are listed as: Department rub their faces to deposit sebaceous oils and eccrine sweat on the palmer surface of their hands and then • Latent prints can be detected in seconds. touch various paper substrates. Ages represented ranged • No chemical process required. from those in their 20s to nearly 70 years of age. • The virtually contactless system reduces risk of cross- contamination. We estimate that nearly half of the samples yielded latent • High throughput reduces search times. impressions of various quality and quantity of detail. One • Visible prints feature excellent ridge detail and contrast. officer was running a fever and it was believed thathe • Can be used sequentially with chemical treatments, would most likely leave behind latent prints that would including ninhydrin and DFO. contain eccrine sweat. As he turned in his samples to us, he • For use at crime scenes or in the laboratory. commented that his latent impressions would contain “a lot of sweat.” In fact, this officer’s latent prints were some of the We tested various paper substrates to include the following highest-quality latent prints we developed with the TFD-2. materials: We found they possessed all three levels of friction- ridge detail. • U.S. currency • White letter-sized printer paper (8.5 x 11 in.) Furthermore, we knew that young adolescent children • Binder paper are generally excellent eccrine and sebaceous secretors. • Envelopes (white & manila) Therefore, we obtained tablet-type lined paper that had

This latent print was deposited on a section of computer paper by a Foster + Freeman Thermal Latent Print Developer – TFD-2 female Fremont Police Department employee. It was exposed at 1,500 mm per second with the temperature set at 100% on the TFD-2. It was visualize with the use of a Foster + Freeman blue/green 530 nm forensic light and photographed through a Tiffen 23A barrier filter.

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 8 been previously touched by adolescent children while they in revisiting an old, disregarded technique of thermal print were drawing and making artistic designs. We processed development. Like Thomas Edison, they started where the these paper items through the TFD-2 and developed latent last man left off and discovered ways to make this discarded prints that possessed all three levels of friction- ridge detail. technique work on a consistent basis. Foster + Freeman further developed their ideas and concepts into reality with We also put some of the TFD-2 tested items through this new technological tool called the Thermal Fingerprint ninhydrin processing. We determined that the TFD-2 had no Developer or TFD-2. effect in removing or obliterating latent prints that could be sequentially further processed with chemicals.

In most of the testing, we processed paper types according to the temperatures and the millimeter-per-minute exposure times recommended by Foster + Freeman. We kept the temperature at 100% power, also as recommended by the manufacturer. Foster + Freeman’s recommendations were as follows:

Paper Type Thickness (mm) Optimum Speed (mm/min) Newspaper 0.03 2,000 Plain Letter-Sized Paper 0.08 1,500 $1 Bill 0.1 1,000 White Envelope 0.24 1,500 This latent print was deposited by the authors on a piece of a textured Carboard Envelope 1.04 1,000 paper towel. It was exposed at 1,500 mm per second with temperature set at 100% on the TFD-2. It was visualized with the use of a Foster + Freeman blue/green 530 nm forensic light and photographed According to our experimentation, these recommendations through a Tiffen 23A barrier filter. seemed to be the optimal settings for these paper types. Additional Reading We also processed some of our paper items for longer run Brown, A.G., Sommerville, D., Reedy, B.J., Shimmon, R.G., times than recommended, and in some cases we heated Tahtouh, M., “Revisiting the Thermal Development of them a second time. On some, we developed better contrast Latent Fingerprints on Porous Surfaces: New Aspects and in the latent print impression. On others, the over-exposure Refinements,” Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2009: 54(1), 114- to heat caused a slight charring of the substrate. In some 121. instances, the over-heated paper would then exhibit a high degree of fluorescence and thereby lessened the contrast or Olsen, R.D., Scott’s Fingerprint Mechanics. Springfield, IL: visibility of the developed latent impression in relation to the Thomas, 1978. underlying substrate. In conclusion, the TFD-2 does visualize latent print Song, D.F., Sommerville, D., Brown, A.G., Shimmon, R.G., Reedy, impressions containing eccrine and sebaceous secretions B.J., Tahtouh, M., “Thermal development of latent fingermarks on various paper substrates as advertised. It does not require on porous surfaces—further observations and refinements,” hazardous chemicals and the development occurs within Forensic Science International. 2001: 204(1-3), 97-110. seconds. A forensic light source and appropriate barrier- filter lens will be needed to observe the latent impression About the Authors and photograph the results. Michael E. Stapleton retired after 34 years as a Special Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. For more The end-user should gain experience in the use of the than three decades he conducted fingerprint identification TFD-2 before attempting to process actual evidence. When courses for the FBI. Upon retirement from the Bureau he processing various papers, it is our recommendation that formed Stapleton & Associates, LLC, a forensics training the end-user test latent print development on an identical or and consulting company. He also invented the “StapleTube” nearly identical substrate before subjecting the evidence to to simplify latent print photography. He and his associates thermal processing with the TFD-2. conduct fingerprint identification courses, latent print development courses, and other advanced forensic training The TFD-2 will obviously not develop every latent print on courses throughout the U.S. and abroad. He can be contacted every slip of paper. However, it does allow the end-user to by email [email protected] or through his use this tool as the first in a series of processing techniques website: StapletonAndAssociates.com before proceeding further with chemical development to reveal additional latent prints. Kourosh Nikoui is the Chief Forensic Specialist and Manager of the day-to-day operations of the Fremont (California) Police If allowed more time with the TFD-2, we would have also Crime Lab. He supervises and trains the laboratory staff, attempted to develop latent print impressions deposited crime scene investigators, and crime scene specialists. He weeks and months earlier. Finally, the effects of heating is certified by the International Association for Identification paper to a point where any deposited DNA is destroyed is yet as a Latent Print Examiner, Senior Crime Scene Analyst, and undetermined. This aspect will require further investigation. Forensic Photographer. He has been with the Fremont Police Department for 25 years. He can be contacted by email at In our estimation, this is clearly an example of excellent [email protected] research and development by Brown, Sommerville, et al.,

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 9 APPLE In a Rush to get Fingerprint Technology, SEC Filing Suggests

By Deborah Netburn (This article is reprinted from an article that appeared August 16, 2012 in the Los Angeles Times)

Is super-awesome, hi-tech fingerprint technology As AuthenTec explains on its website, it has developed heading to Apple products like the the iPhone, iPad and a patented swipe sensor technology that reads the live even the Mac store? layer of skin beneath your actual fingerprint, so even if you have oily or callused fingertips, the fingeprint will Fingertips crossed! still be accurate “for everyone every time.”

At the end of July, Apple paid $356 million to buy the In additon to the obvious security benefits of fingerprint fingerprint authentication products maker AuthenTec technology, AuthenTec’s sensors can associate Inc. In a Securities and Exchange Commission filing different functions with different fingers, so in theory, Wednesday, it seems that Apple was in a hurry to get you could teach your phone that if you touch it with your the deal done as soon as possible. right pinky finger it will open your email inbox, or speed dial your mom if you swipe your right thumb across the Check out this chunk of text from the “Background of screen. the Merger” section of the filing: Of course, fingerprint technology isn’t the only thing “Representatives of Apple also noted Apple’s desire to AuthenTec works on. It also makes security technology proceed quickly due to its product plans and ongoing for mobile devices. engineering efforts. As a result of its focus on timing, Apple’s representatives also informed the Company that But that’s way less exciting. As my colleague Sal Apple would not participate in an auction process and Rodriguez reported in July, Apple’s AuthenTec purchase would rescind its proposal if the board decided to solicit was its biggest purchase since it bought Anobit alternative acquisition proposals for the Company.” Technologies in 2011 for $400 million. Here’s hoping they paid the big bucks to do something game-changing. The filing never explicitly says that Apple is interested in the fingerprint technology piece of AuthenTec’s portfolio of products, definitely the coolest of its offerings.

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 10 SCAFO 2013 PRESIDENT - Cynthia S. Fortier

My name is Cynthia S. Fortier and I am running for the position of President on the 2013 SCAFO Executive Board. It has truly been a rewarding experience to serve as this year’s 1st Vice President. I am currently employed with the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Scientific Services Bureau as a Forensic Identification Specialist since 2008; and have been working in the field of Latent Prints for approximately 14 years.

I became a SCAFO member in 1999 and for approximately 13 years have been privileged to see much growth and advancements take place in our field and our organization. This year was the 75th Anniversary of our organization and it has been a pleasure to have been a part of the planning of the events that have taken place. Last year as 2nd Vice President, I had the privilege of taking a leadership role in putting together last year’s annual seminar. It has been humbling to see firsthand, the dedication, support and professionalism of the members that make up our wonderful organization. I am excited to be a part of the future events that are planned as we sail through 2013.

1st VICE PRESIDENT - Mark A. Waldo

Fellow members of the Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers, I am respectfully submitting my nomination for First Vice-President for 2012-2013.

I have been in law Enforcement for over 20 years, 18 of those years being in Forensics / Crime Scene Investigations. I have worked for the Santa Ana Police Dept. for the last 17 years as a Forensic Specialist. During my tenure I have primarily worked in the Crime Scene Investigation Unit and have been crossed trained in the Identification Lab and also in the Forensic Firearms Unit.

I enjoy being very involved in professional forensic organizations; including a member in good standing of SCAFO since 2004, a member in good standing with CSDIAI since July 2001 and a member in good standing with IAI since February 2006. During my membership with SCAFO, I have served as Director, Sgt. at Arms and Second Vice-President.

I have enjoyed being active in this professional association and have hosted two training meetings, assisted on the 75th Anniversary Dinner and planned the 21st Annual Training Seminar set for October 2012.

I am very proud of being part of our professional association and would like to continue my dedication for the next term as your First Vice-President. My goal is to contribute as much as I can and help maintain the high level of professionalism in our association. I would like to continue my way up the chairs to serve as your President in the future.

One of the goals I would like to complete while serving as your Vice-President is establishing a Scholarship Program for forensic students who will be our future members.

Like most of you, I believe that training is a very important part of our profession and I have benefited from valuable training that I have received at our annual training conferences. SCAFO is a major leader in setting the standards of professionalism for our field. I would like to be part of continuing that tradition.

I would appreciate your vote for First Vice-President.

Thank you for your time and consideration, Mark A. Waldo

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 11 CANDIDATES 2nd VICE PRESIDENT - Tony Nguyen SECRETARY - Sheri Orellana

I’m Tony Nguyen and I’m My name is Sheri Orellana and submitting my nomination I am running for the position for 2nd Vice President on the of Secretary on the SCAFO SCAFO Board of Directors. I’m Board of Directors for 2013- a Crime Scene Investigator 2014. I have been a Crime and a Latent Print Examiner Scene Investigator with the at Pomona PD since 2005. I Pomona Police Department also serve on the IAI Forensics since October, 2000. Prior to Photography Certification that, I worked at the Upland Board. Prior to the forensics Police Department from 1990 field I was a commercial to 2000. I became a SCAFO photographer and a systems member in 2006 and was software engineer. elected to the Board of Directors in December, 2010. As a Having served as a SCAFO “Junior Director”, I hosted the board member for the last 3 August, 2011 training meeting years, it’s my honour and pleasure to continue offering my skills and assist other Board Members where needed. Since January and knowledge to advance the important work of SCAFO. If I have been working with the current Secretary learning the elected, you will have my commitment in organizing the next responsibilities of the position. With this training I feel confident exciting annual seminar. Thank you and I appreciate your that I can perform the duties of Secretary if elected. support.

TREASURER - Mari Johnson SERGEANT-AT-ARMS - Josie Mejia

Mari Johnson works for the Los My name is Josie Mejia and Angeles County Sheriff’s Crime I am running for the position Laboratory in the Latent Print of Sergeant-at-Arms on the Unit. Mari became a member SCAFO Board of Directors for of SCAFO in 1999 and became 2013-2014. I currently hold a a Director in 2002. She is the position with the Los Angeles 2010 Past President of SCAFO. County Sheriff’s Department as an Automated Fingerprint Mari has been employed by Identification Systems the Sheriff’s department since Technician II. 1990. She started as a 911 Dispatcher, then transferred to I have been a technician since the crime lab in 1998 where she September 2006. Also holding spent eight years processing this position I worked as a crimes scenes for fingerprint Crime Scene Technician for the evidence. Mari was promoted Pomona Police Department to Forensic Identification Specialist I in 2006. After completing from August 2005 through July 2008 20 hours a week. I became her latent print comparison training in 2007 she went on to train a SCAFO member in February 2009 and I was elected to the and work in the Chemical Processing Unit. She was trained in Board of Directors in December, 2010 as a Junior Director. The Crime Scene Investigation in 2008 and has worked in many following year I was moved to a Senior Director position and other areas of the Latent Print Unit. Mari is currently a Forensic in the beginning of 2012 I hosted our first meeting for the year. Identification Specialist II and continues to work in the Chemical Processing Unit.

Mari is now running for a Board position as Treasurer. With many years working up the ranks of the SCAFO Board and completing her Chairman of the Board commitment she wants to serve the Board again. Mari brings not only work experience with her, but also many years of experience with SCAFO as well as experience with finances and financial tracking because she has owned several small businesses. SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 12 NEW CLUE ON HOW BRAIN PROCESSES

VISUAL By Fumi Katsuki & Christos Constantinidis Ever wonder how the human brain, which is constantly In the Wake Forest Baptist study, two monkeys were bombarded with millions of pieces of visual information, trained to detect images on a computer screen while can filter out what’s unimportant and focus on what’s activity in both areas of the brain was recorded. The most useful? visual display was designed to let one image “pop out” due to its color difference from the background, such as The process is known as selective attention and scientists a red circle surrounded by green. To trigger bottom-up have long debated how it works. But now, researchers at attention, neither the identity nor the location of the pop- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center have discovered an out image could be predicted before it appeared. The important clue. Evidence from an animal study, published monkeys indicated that they detected the pop-out image in the July 22 online edition of the journal Nature by pushing a lever. The neural activity associated with Neuroscience, shows that the prefrontal cortex is involved identifying the pop-out images occurred in the prefrontal in a previously unknown way. cortex at the same time as in the posterior parietal cortex. This unexpected finding indicates early involvement of Two types of attention are utilized in the selective attention the prefrontal cortex in bottom-up attention, in addition process -- bottom up and top down. Bottom-up attention to its known role in top-down attention, and provides new is automatically guided to images that stand out from a insights into the neural mechanisms of attention. background by virtue of color, shape or motion, such as a billboard on a highway. Top-down attention occurs when “We hope that our findings will guide future work targeting one’s focus is consciously shifted to look for a known attention deficits,” Constantinidis said. target in a visual scene, as when searching for a relative The research was supported by the National Eye Institute in a crowd. contract ROI EY016773 and the Tab Williams Family Endowment. Traditionally, scientists have believed that separate areas of the brain controlled these two processes, with bottom- Fumi Katsuki, Ph.D., a post-doctoral fellow at Wake Forest up attention occurring in the posterior parietal cortex and Baptist, co-authored the study. top-down attention occurring in the prefrontal cortex. “Our findings provide insights on the neural mechanisms behind the guidance of attention,” said Christos Constantinidis, Ph.D., associate professor of neurobiology and anatomy at Wake Forest Baptist and senior author of the study. “This has implications for conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects millions of people worldwide. People with ADHD have difficulty filtering information and focusing attention. SOURCE: Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (2012, July 22). Our findings suggest that both the ability to focus attention New clue on how brain processes visual information. ScienceDaily. intentionally and shifting attention to eye-catching but Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/ sometimes unimportant stimuli depend on the prefrontal releases/2012/07/120723095212.htm cortex.”

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 13 MINUTES June 2012 Meeting

DATE: 6/02/2012 LOCATION: Marie Calendars, Valencia HOST(S): Terri Beatty SECRETARY: Amy Hines PROGRAM: “Fatigue, Bias & The Taxi Cab Murder” by Deputy Mario Cortez (LASD) CALL TO ORDER: General meeting, at 1418 hours by President Lisa Jackson PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE led by: Mari Johnson, Past President (2010)

ATTENDANCE PAST PRESIDENTS Present: Dell Freeman (1973), Bill Leo (1996), Bob Goss (2001), Amy Hines (2009), Mari Johnson (2010), and Debbie Stivers (2011). EXECUTIVE BOARD Present: Lisa Jackson (President, Mark Waldo (2nd Vice President), Amy Hines (Secretary), Cindee Lozano (Treasurer), Tony Nguyen (Sgt at Arms & Editor), Debbie Stivers (Chairman of the Board), Sheri Orellana (Sr. Director), Josie Mejia (Sr. Director), Terri Beatty (Jr. Director), Nicholas Burman (Jr. Director), Bob Goss (Parliamentarian) and Bill Leo (Historian). EXECUTIVE BOARD Absent: Cynthia Fortier (1st Vice President) MEMBERS AND GUESTS PRESENT: 39

OLD BUSINESS Second Readings: N/A Swear Ins: by Debbie Stivers, Past President (2011) New Member: Allen Brogdon (Pasadena Police Department) New Member: Suzette Young (Brea Police Department) OTHER: Motion to Accept March 2012 meeting minutes: Mari Johnson (Past President 2010) Second: Mark Waldo (2nd Vice President)

NEW BUSINESS First Readings: Julia Tafoy (Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department) Recommended by Terri Beatty (Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department) OTHER: Fliers for the SCAFO 21st Annual Training Seminar in October were passed out. ANNOUNCEMENTS: Lisa Jackson (President) announced “The Print” SCAFO’s publication will be sent out via email except to those who do not have an email account “The Print” will be sent out regular mail. Mari Johnson (Past President 2010) announced about the 2013 SCAFO Cruise workshop from March 1st to March 4th, 2013. This is an additional SCAFO training meeting. All the information is posted on the SCAFO Website. Fees for an outside cabin is $390.60 & inside cabin is $350.00 per person taxes are included. Lynne Herold - Senior Criminalist w/LASD will be the Guest Speaker and the presentation will be on proper collection of photographic blood-spatter evidence. The Cruise is to Ensenada, Mexico with one sea day, which is when the lecture will be held. Do not need a passport but is highly recommended. Mark Waldo (2nd Vice President) announced the SCAFO 21st Annual Training Seminar will be held at the Hilton in Ontario on Oct. 5th & Oct 6th, 2012. Rooms are $84.00 single, $94.00 double and $110.00 for triple. A flier was handed out with a list of the tentative speakers. Plus we possibly will have two workshops during the lectures. Lisa Jackson (President) announced for members to check out the SCAFO website store for SCAFO merchandise to purchase. Bob Goss (Parliamentarian) announced he is still working on the the Non-Profit status for the organization. He is meeting with Ron Browning the organization’s new tax guy regarding the 501C3 form. Goss thanked Cindy Lozano, Amy Hines, Alan McRoberts and Jim Lawson for their continue help in this matter. Job Announcements were made by Lisa Jackson (President) and Mark Waldo (2nd Vice President). - Newport Beach is hiring for CSI currently. - Santa Monica Police Department is hiring in July for Forensic Specialist. ATTENDANCE DRAWING of $25.00 won by: Bob Goss (Parliamentarian) DOOR PRIZES: Provided by SCAFO and Terri Beatty (Jr. Director). NEXT MEETING: Date: August 4, 2012 @ 11:30 am at Phil’s Barbeque, San Diego MOTION TO ADJOURN: Motion by: Mari Johnson (Past President 2010) Second: Debbi Stivers (Chairman of the Board) MEETING ADJOURNED: 1444 hours

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 14

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 15 MINUTES August 2012 Meeting

DATE: 8/04/2012 LOCATION: Phil’s Barbeque - Event Center, San Diego HOST(S): Nicholas Burman SECRETARY: Amy Hines PROGRAM: “2.5 Acres in Tennessee of Decomp in June “ by Heidi Hebert (San Diego PD D) CALL TO ORDER: General meeting, at 1358 hours by President Lisa Jackson PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE led by: Mari Johnson, Past President (2010)

ATTENDANCE PAST PRESIDENTS Present: Amy Hines (2009) and Mari Johnson (2010) EXECUTIVE BOARD Present: Lisa Jackson (President, Cynthia Fortier (1st Vice President), Amy Hines (Secretary), , Sheri Orellana (Sr. Director), Nicholas Burman (Jr. Director),

EXECUTIVE BOARD Absent: Debbie Stivers (Chairman of the Board), Mark Waldo (2nd Vice President), Cindee Lozano (Treasurer), Tony Nguyen (Sgt at Arms & Editor), Josie Mejia (Sr. Director), Terri Beatty (Jr. Director), Bob Goss (Parliamentarian) and Bill Leo (Historian).

MEMBERS AND GUESTS PRESENT: 33

OLD BUSINESS Second Readings: Julia Tafoya with Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department Motion to Accept: Sheri Orellana (Sr. Director) Second: Cynthia Fortier (1st Vice President) Swear Ins: N/A OTHER: Motion to Accept June 2012 meeting minutes: Mari Johnson (Past President 2010) Second: Cynthia Fortier (1st Vice President)

NEW BUSINESS First Readings: Julia Johnson with Long Beach Police Department Recommend by Heather Cochran with Long Beach Police Department (Cynthia Fortier spoke on her behalf).

OTHER: N/A ANNOUNCEMENTS: Lisa Jackson (President) Informed members of SCAFO Facebook and that we have a PayPal account so you can pay in advance for meetings and the conference. Mari Johnson (Past President 2010 & Webmaster) announced about the 2013 SCAFO Cruise workshop from March 1st to March 4th, 2013. All the information is posted on the SCAFO Website. Fees for an Oceanview cabin is $390.60 & inside cabin is $350.60 per person taxes are included. Dr. Lynne Herold - Senior Criminalist w/LASD will be the Guest Speaker and the presentation will be on proper collection and documentation of photographic blood-spatter evidence. Lisa Jackson (President) announced the SCAFO 21st Annual Training Seminar will be held at the Hilton in Ontario on Oct. 5th & Oct 6th, 2012. This year we will have a workshop. There will also be a Fingerprint Debate between Bill Leo & Simon Cole. Lisa Jackson also read the By-Laws on the requirement of becoming a Member of SCAFO.

ATTENDANCE DRAWING of $25.00 won by: Nicholas Burman DOOR PRIZES: Provided by SCAFO

NEXT MEETING: 21st Annual SCAFO’s Training Seminar Date: October 5th and 6th, 2012 Time: 7:00 am Location: Ontario Hilton Airport Hotel 700 N. Haven Ave., Ontario, CA

MOTION TO ADJOURN: Motion by: Cynthia Fortier (1st Vice President) Second: Ann Tankersley (San Bernardion Police Department) MEETING ADJOURNED: 1413 hours

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 SCAFO16 CRUISE 2013 March 1 - 4

WORKSHOP AT SEA Is There Any Such Thing As a Do-Over? Proper Collection of Photographic Blood Spatter Evidence Presented by Dr. Lynne Herold Sr. Criminalist, Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department

SCAFO is hosting a 3 night workshop cruise - round trip from the Port of Long Beach. Join SCAFO for another fun-filled cruise - this time a workshop-at-sea onboard the Carnival Inspiration! SCAFO membership is NOT required to sail with us or to attend the workshop. SCAFO CRUISE INCLUDES: • Hosted cocktail party (that means free drinks!) • Gourmet meals (main dining room, buffet and room service) • Activites including state of the art fitness center, minature golf, water park, nightlife and more. • Networking with other professionals in the forensic sciences

SCAFO Cruise 2013 is presented by Click, Book, and Go Travel For more information and to book your cabin, visit: www.scafo.org/scafocruise2013 (714) 715-9576 or (714) 715-9575 clickbookandgo.com SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 21st Annual SCAFO 17 Training Seminar October 5 - 6, 2012

Friday, Oct. 5th: Saturday, Oct. 6th:

The Bridge from Ten Print to Latent (workshop) Lifting Latent Prints Off of Difficult & Unique Diane Do, CLPE Surfaces (workshop) San Diego County Sheriff’s Dept Jason Cole, CLPE Henderson Police Dept (Nevada) The Yosemite Murder Jeffery Rinek Casey Anthony Case Federal Bureau of Investigations (Retired) Jeffery Ashton, DDA Michael Vincent, CSI Fingerprint Debate Orange County Sheriff’s Office (Florida) William Leo, CLPE, MS, (LASD Retired) Prof. Simon Cole, Ph.D (UC Irvine) Overview of Target’s Latent Print Unit Andrew Schriever, CLPE Understanding Basic Statistical Concepts Target Latent Print Section (as applied to fingerprints) Michele Triplett, CLPE Digital Imaging of Latent Prints (proper use of filters King County Sheriff’s Dept (Washington) & specialized lighting) - workshop Larry Dow FRIDAY NIGHT EVENT: Roaring 20’s Masquerade Social Event Policies to Reduce Erroneous Exclusions prizes and free drink ticket given at the door!!!! Eric Ray, CLPE Penny Dechant, CLPE Arizona Department of Public Safety

Preparing for a Fry or Daubert Hearing Michele Triplett, CLPE King County Sheriff’s Dept (Washington) Hilton Ontario Airport Hotel 700 N. Haven Avenue, Ontario California

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 18 in MEMORIAM Clint H. Fullen Latent Print Examiner San Diego Police Department

It is with sadness that I’m notifying you that Clint H. Fullen, Latent Print Examiner, San Diego Police Department, Retired, passed away on Monday August 20, 2012. Clint was Past President (1998) of the Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers (SCAFO) and, a Life Active member (# 5410) of the International Association for Identification (IAI) and, an Active member (#2080) of the California State Division of the International Association for Identification (CSDIAI). Clint retired as a Captain from the City of Boulder Police Department, Boulder, Colorado and worked as a crime scene technician and latent print examiner with another Colorado Police agency before moving to San Diego, about 1987, to work as a latent print examiner. His wife Shirley Fullen stated that she was making arrangements for burial in Colorado and with a private service in the San Diego area. No dates have been set.

- Palma Edwardo

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3 19 EVENTS SEPOCTNOV Date Events / Location

Oct 1-2, 2012 The Evidence Conference The Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center 1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20004

Oct 5-6, 2012 Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers 21st Annual Training Seminar Hilton Ontario Airport 700 N. Haven Ave. Ontario, CA 91764

Oct 22-24, 2012 Los Angeles County Forensic Supervisors Group RAN Board Training Courtroom Testimony LASD Beverly Crime Lab 2020 W. Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA

Oct 29- Nov 3, Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction Training 2012 Ontario Police Department 2500 S. Archibald Ontario, CA

SCAFO - Mar | Apr | May 2012 - Vol 27 Issue 3