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Tellinoidea: Semelidae) Archiv für Molluskenkunde 150 (1) 79–86 Frankfurt am Main, 30 June 2021 A new species of Semele from Trindade oceanic island, Brazil (Tellinoidea: Semelidae) Luiz Ricardo L. Simone Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; Cx. Postal 42494; 04218-970, São Paulo, SP; Brazil ([email protected], [email protected]). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9823 Abstract. Semele trindadis is a new species so far endemic to Trindade Island, a remote island in the north-western South Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on 17 specimens, including 2 with soft parts. The main character of this species is strong concentric sculpture. The anatomy of a young specimen is described, and it shows typical semelid features, but the retractor siphonal muscles, the palps, and the foot are small, the intestine has a single loop, and there is a distinctive arrangement of muscles in the siphonal chamber. This species is easily distinguishable as the only semelid, and even tellinoidean, from Trindade Island. Key words. Bivalvia, anatomy, morphology, taxonomy, systematics. ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E2338337-1821-46D4-8B02-5D50293C8472 DOI. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/150/079–086 Introduction distribution, includes 54 valid species (MolluscaBase 2020), mostly in shallow waters in tropical and subtropi- The Semelidae are typical tellinoideans, a group of rapid- cal regions. The new species has no correspondence with digger bivalves mainly characterized by the presence of semelids from either the Western Atlantic or Western the cruciform muscle at the siphonal base. Additionally, Africa and is formally described herein. semelids usually have a rounded shell with internal liga- ment, separated short siphons, and modified gills with the outer demibranch reduced and dislocated upwards (Simone & Guimarães 2008). Material and Methods In Brazil there are 6 species (Rios 2009), including the commonest Semele proficua (Pulteney, 1799) and S. The samples, which total 17 specimens, are listed below purpurascens (Gmelin, 1791). Trindade Island is an oce- in the type material. They are mostly empty, dry shells, anic island approximately 1,140 km off Vitória, Espírito except for a crushed adult and a young paratype (MZSP Santo, Brazil. It is at the eastern tip of an oceanic chain of 136712) that was collected alive. Collecting consisted mountains. The island, roughly 13.5 km², is the emergent of scuba diving twice a day for 1–2 hours and included part of an approximately 5,500 m high volcanic moun- direct observation, sieving sediment in situ and ex situ, tain (Almeida 1961) formed at the end of the Pliocene and, in a few cases, sediment aspiration. At least twice (Almeida 2002). During expeditions to Trindade Island, per week, collecting was also performed at low tide. a few samples of a semelid were collected. Those expedi- The new species was usually collected from sediments, tions consisted of 2 journeys per year (winter and sum- mostly sand, surrounding rocky reefs and shoreline mer), lasting 1 month each, from 2006 to 2018. Collecting rocks. This species can be considered rare, as only the efforts were mostly daily scuba diving by a 2–3-person type material was collected and is mostly comprised of team usually lead by Joel Braga de Mendonça Jr. empty shells and valves. The single specimen collected A morphological analysis on the semelid samples re- alive was dissected using standard techniques (Simone vealed they are a new species of Semele Schumacher, et al. 2015) under a stereomicroscope with the specimen 1817 (type species S. reticulata Schumacher, 1817 by immersed in fixative. An adult paratype is preserved with monotypy; = S. proficua). The genus, with a worldwide soft parts (MZSP 108256), but both shell and soft parts © E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2021 ISSN 1869-0963, eISSN 2367-0622.
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