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Water Quality Monitoring in the Upper Allegheny River: an Overview of Data and Monitoring Challenges Since 2012

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Water Quality Monitoring in the Upper Allegheny River: an Overview of Data and Monitoring Challenges Since 2012 WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN THE UPPER ALLEGHENY RIVER: AN OVERVIEW OF DATA AND MONITORING CHALLENGES SINCE 2012 Bruce Dickson, PhD Three Rivers Quest/RedHorse Environmental 2/25/2019 3RQ PROGRAM BACKGROUND High TDS events in late Three Rivers Quest (3RQ) Funded by Colcom 2013 summer/early fall 2008 2011 – 2012 “Mon River QUEST” ➢ Lead to a shut down of some Funded by the municipal water intakes when the 2010 –2011 Colcom Foundation “Mon WQ” funded Monongahela River exceeded the by USGS and US EPA’s secondary drinking WVWRI water standards of 500 parts per million (or mg/L) of TDS 2009 – 2010 “Mon WQ” funded ➢ Complaints from industrial and by USGS and WVWRI residential river users ➢ Dunkard Creek fish kill September 2009 ➢ Evidence that TDS was increasing •Marcellus Returned Frac Water • Produced Water (brine) 3RQ PROGRAM BACKGROUND Three Rivers QUEST as Funded by the Colcom Foundation now becomes a watershed based partner organization: Northern Allegheny River Basin Northern Allegheny River Monitoring Activity Summary • Iron Furnace TU Data Logger Deployments: 2011 – 2016 TU Coldwater Conservation Corps Hickory Grove 5th Grade Monitoring Program • Iron Furnace TU Remote Monitoring Stations (2012 – 2015; 5) • 3RQ Grab Sample Network Stations (2013 – 2019; > 90 sites) • 3RQ/Iron Furnace Data Logger Mini-Grant Program (2013) PA Trout Unlimited Chapters; Conservation Districts • 3RQ REACH 4Schools Program (2017 - 2019) • 3RQ Targeted Watershed Studies: Allegheny River Headwaters: 2016 Oswayo Creek: 2017 Pithole Creek: 2018 - 2019 ACTIVITY SUMMARY: 3RQ Grab Sample Stations (2013 – 2019) 96 grab sample locations 2013-2019: PARAMETERS: Alkalinity Total Dissolved Solids *pH *Specific Conductance *temperature Dissolved Metals Aluminum Iron Manganese Calcium Magnesium Sodium Strontium Anions Bromide Chloride Sulfate Allegheny River Notable Tributaries • Coudersport (2) • Scrubgrass Creek • Brokenstraw Creek • Port Allegheny • Clarion River • Conewango Creek • Eldred • Spring Creek • Kinzua Creek (2) • Portville (NY) • Millstone Creek • Tungungwant Creek • Salamanca (NY) • French Creek • Chappel Fork • Kinzua • Oil Creek • Potato Creek • Warren • Hemlock Creek • Oswayo Creek • Irvine • Tionesta Creek • Olean Creek • Althom • East Hickory Creek • Little Valley Creek (NY) • Tidioute • West Hickory Creek • Great Valley Creek (NY) • West Hickory • Salmon Creek • Big Mill Creek • Hunter’s Station • Minister Creek • Pithole Creek • Ahrensville • Franklin • Fisherman’s Cove • Kennerdell • Emlenton NOTE: GRAB SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BASE FLOW DISCHARGE 3RQ GRAB SAMPLE PROGRAM SUMMARY • Growth and improvement of 3RQ active database (WATERS). • Generally good water quality in the Northern Allegheny River and tributary streams monitored from 2013-2019; • No evidence of AMD except Clarion River Basin; • No direct evidence of impacts from unconventional oil and gas activities on water quality at our monitoring stations; • Widespread presence of bromide, chloride, & sodium (all characteristic of brines) likely associated with conventional oil & gas activity. • Completed with compensated personnel. • ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Iron Furnace TU Data Logger Program Deployments (2011 – 2019) and 3RQ/Iron Furnace Data Logger Mini-Grant Program (2013) Six Trout Unlimited Chapters (volunteers) and Four Conservations Districts received data loggers • Limited Success with TU Chapters (travel, membership age, technology); • Conservation Districts still utilizing data loggers; • Hickory Grove 5th Grade Monitoring Program and subsequent 3RQ Program • Excellent entry point for citizen science and education efforts under correct conditions. Logger Data Application – Baseline Specific Conductivity Appalachian Plateau Specific Conductivity ~ 20 – 50 µS ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Iron Furnace TU Remote Monitoring Stations (2012 – 2015) • Salmon Creek • Tionesta Creek • Millstone Creek • Spring Creek • Cathers Run Satellite broadcast water quality data to website (4 hours): • Temperature (C) • pH • Specific Conductance • Dissolved Oxygen • Turbidity • Level (discharge) Satellite Station WQ Sonde Remote Monitoring Stations Summary: EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE ➢Initial equipment investment very high (~ $25K/station); ➢Requires appropriate site and installation is labor intensive; ➢Maintenance at deployment location – channel debris and ice; ➢Sonde recalibration and sensor replacement is expensive; ➢Vandalism; DATA TRANSFER ➢Expensive where cell phone signal is absent; ➢Data is not real time but lagged; ➢Requires maintained web page for display. Cost prohibitive, not appropriate for volunteers. ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Targeted Watershed Studies • Allegheny River Headwaters: 2016 Multiple Headwater Streams ➢ Generally good water quality in the streams monitored; ➢ Little or no influence of oil & gas brines on water quality; ➢ Bromide levels in Mill Creek warrant further investigation; ➢ Collaborative logger data collection at multiple sites by Upper Allegheny Watershed Association and Potter County Conservation District. ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Targeted Watershed Studies • Oswayo Creek: 2017 Oswayo Creek ➢ Level of impacts varied with oil and gas activity; ➢ Several locations with very high water quality and productive fisheries; ➢ Presence of bromide, chloride, and sodium at most sampling locations; ➢ Clear evidence of influence of oil & gas brines on water quality in Honeoye Creek, Horse Run, and Raub Hollow Run. ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Targeted Watershed Studies • Pithole Creek: 2018/2019 Thomas Holden Farm January 7, 1865 Venango Third Sand @ 450’ to 550’ 250 barrel/day @ $8/barrel 1st Oil Pipeline: 2-inch-diameter; 5.5 miles from Pithole to the Oil Creek Railroad, October 9, 1865 Pithole Creek Watershed *Coldwater Heritage Grant Recipient 2018-2019 Pithole Creek Watershed Venango/Forest County • 150+ YEARS OF 955 CONVENTIONAL OIL/GAS PRODUCTION • UNCONVENTIONAL PRODUCTION ABSENT • ILLEGAL BRINE DISPOSAL • BRINE APPLIED FOR DIRT/GRAVEL ROAD DUST CONTROL (2018 moratorium) • WIDESPREAD AQUIFER CONTAMINATION ? DATA COLLECTION ACTIVITIES •Water Quality (3RQ) •Data Loggers (RedHorse Environmental) •Fish Community (PAFBC/VCCD) •Macro-invertebrates (PADEP) •eDNA Screening (Duquesne University & RedHorse Environmental) *eDNA data collections start 2019 Data Collection •Grab Samples (Three Rivers Quest) •Pithole Creek #5 (upstream of mouth) •Sodium (mg/l): 10.54; 2.646 •Chloride (mg/l): 19.42; 5.511 •Bromide (mg/l): 0.14; 0.048 •N = 5 •Conductivity/Temperature Data Loggers •2018 @ 5 Stations Allegheny Plateau 25 – 45 (μS/cm) Median = 110 (μS/cm) MONITORING INITIATIVE OBSERVATIONS: DATA •Water quality in the Northern Allegheny Watershed is relatively good based on the parameters monitored by 3RQ at approximately 90 stations since 2013; •Water quality impacts to streams/rivers for 3RQ parameters at sites near unconventional well activity was not detected; •Pollutants associated with oil and gas production (brine) is widespread in the Northern Allegheny River watershed w/bromide, chloride, and sodium present at the majority of locations; •Targeted watershed studies indicate that the presence of pollutants directly associated with oil and gas production (bromide, chloride, sodium) is associated with conventional production; •Specific conductivity on the Appalachian Plateau for unimpacted streams is typically 20 – 50 μS/cm based on widespread logger data; •Dissolved aluminum (toxic to Brook Trout at very low levels) was not detected at the majority of sampling locations with the exception of those with AMD impacts; MONITORING INITIATIVE OBSERVATIONS: PROGRAMS •Water quality monitoring programs utilizing data loggers is a practical way to monitor general stream water quality conditions (screening) and can be part of affordable programs utilizing volunteers and students; •Remote water quality monitoring stations, while valuable for monitoring selected water quality parameters, are not practical for volunteer efforts or organizations without dedicated staff or budgets to hire employees or contractors; •Monitoring efforts for volunteer organizations are best conducted for relatively small watersheds (results and action plans are better suited for micro-scale assessments); •In instances where assessing a large watershed is the goal a sequential assessment of small sub-watersheds may be the only practical approach for volunteer groups; •Coordination with local/regional organizations or agencies is necessary to expand data availablility for conducting watershed scale assessments (PADEP, PADCNR, PAFBC, Conservation Organizations); •Share your methods, your data, and your knowledge when and where you can. Partners 2011 - 2019 • Colcom Foundation • Potter County Conservation District • West Virginia Water Resources Institute • Jefferson County Conservation District • Three Rivers Quest • Forest County School District • United States Forest Service • Hickory Grove Elementary School • Allegheny WINS • Penn Soil RC & D • Western Pennsylvania Conservancy • Duquesne University/Clarion University • PAFBC/PAGC/PADCNR/DADEP • Coldwater Heritage Trust • US Army Corps of Engineers • Conewango Creek Watershed Association • Elk County Conservation District • Upper Allegheny Watershed Association • McKean County Conservation District • Scrubgrass Creek Watershed Association • Warren County Conservation District • Penn State Extension • Venango County Conservation District • Chautauqua County Conservation District • Crawford County Conservation District • PA Council Trout Unlimited/National Trout Unlimited • Multiple Western PA TU Chapters.
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