Application of Design for Safer Urban Roads and Junctions: Selected Countermeasures
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Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes Using Microscopic Simulation
Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes using Microscopic Simulation Chao Li A Thesis in The Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Civil Engineering at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Fall 2016 © Chao Li, 2016 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Chao Li Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes using Entitled: Microscopic Simulation and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science (Civil Engineering) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Dr. A. M. Hanna Chair Dr. J. Y. Yu Examiner Dr. Z. Zhu Examiner Dr. C. Alecsandru Supervisor Approved by Dr. Fariborz Haghighat Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director Dr. Amir Asif Dean of Faculty Date Fall, 2016 ABSTRACT Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes using Microscopic Simulation Chao Li Evaluation of roadway safety via the analysis of vehicular conflicts using microscopic simulation shows increasing preference among transportation professionals, mostly due to significant advances in computational technology that allows for better efficiency when compared with other traffic safety modeling approaches. In addition, since modeling vehicular interactions via simulation is intrinsic to the methodology, one may assess various impacts of safety treatments without disrupting vehicle movements and before proceeding with real-world implementations. VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation model, is used in this thesis to reproduce vehicular interactions of an urban High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) arterial in Québec. -
ROAD SAFETY: BASIC FACTS © Panos / Jacob Silberberg
FACT SHEET #1 ROAD SAFETY: BASIC FACTS © Panos / Jacob Silberberg ROAD SAFETY AND MEDIA REPORTING Road traffic crashes are often covered in the media simply as events—not as a leading killer of people and an enormous drain on a country’s human, health and financial resources. By framing road safety as a health and development story, with data and in-depth information, journalists have the opportunity to affect the way these stories are told and potentially to help shift public behaviour and attitudes, influence policy and therefore contribute towards saving lives. WHY ARE ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES A PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE? Road traffic injuries and deaths have a terrible 1.25 million impact on individuals, communities and road traffic deaths occur every year. countries. They involve massive costs to often overburdened health care systems, occupy scarce hospital beds, consume resources and result in significant losses of productivity and prosperity, with deep social and economic repercussions. The numbers speak for themselves: this is a cause of death among public health and development crisis that is expected to worsen unless action is taken. #1those aged 15-29 years For more on: road traffic injuries Global death figures drive home the extent of this public health crisis, especially among young people. FACT SHEET #1 Road safety: Basic facts – page 1 The chance 9.3 of dying Europe 19.9 in a road Eastern Mediterranean 17.0 traffic crash 15.9 South East Asia Americas 26.6 depends on where Africa 17.3 you live INTERPRETING THE NUMBERS MAGNITUDE • Tallying the total number of deaths can, • About 1.25 million people globally die each year however, be useful for conveying the magnitude as a result of road traffic crashes—that’s over 3400 of the problem, the prevention effort required deaths a day. -
Forgiving Roadsides Design Guide
Forgiving roadsides design guide Page 2 / 117 Authors: This report was drawn up by the IRDES ERA-NET 'Safety at the Heart of Road Design' Team: Author: Francesca La Torre, UNIFI, Italy (Representing ANAS in CEDR TG Road Safety) Contributors : Matthias Helfert, AIT, Austria Lorenzo Domenichini, UNIFI, Italy Philippe Nitsche, AIT, Austria Alessandro Mercaldo, UNIFI, Italy Yann Goyat, IFSTTAR, France Helen Fagerlind, CHALMERS, Sweden Eleonora Cesolini, ANAS, Italy Jan Martinsson, CHALMERS, Sweden Raffaella Grecco, ANAS, Italy Dennis Book, CHALMERS, Sweden Federica Bianchin, ANAS, Italy Peter Saleh, AIT, Austria (Main author of Annex A) With editorial input from the following members of CEDR Technical Group Road Safety: Harry Cullen Ireland (Chair) Francesca LA TORRE Italy Forbes VIGORS Ireland (Sec) Barbara RUBINO Italy Eva EICHINGER-VILL Austria Paul MANGEN Luxembourg Didier ANTOINE Belgium-Wallonia Herman MONING Netherlands Photis MATSIS Cyprus Arild ENGEBRETSEN Norway Reigo UDE Estonia Arild RAGNOY Norway Auli FORSBERG Finland Leszek KANIA Poland Gerard VUILLEMIN France Zvonko ZAVASNIK Slovenia Stefan MATENA Germany Roberto LLAMAS Spain Christina PANAGOLIA Greece Jose M. PARDILLO Spain Tibor MOCSÁRI Hungary Lena RYDEN Sweden Audur ARNADOTTIR Iceland Christoph JAHN Switzerland Giovanni MAGARO Italy Sandra BROWN United Kingdom This document expresses solely the current view of CEDR. Readers should not regard these views as a statement of the official position of CEDR's member states. Equally this document is considered as a guide; it is not a legally binding document. Approved and amended by: CEDR's EXECUTIVE BOARD on 7 March 2013 Addressed to: CEDR's GOVERNING BOARD on 15 May 2013 Edited and published by: CEDR's Secretariat General ISBN : 979-10-93321-02-8 Forgiving roadsides design guide Page 3 / 117 Foreword CEDR Technical Group Road Safety (TGRS) is very proud to have delivered one of the most significant documents in recent years on the subject of forgiving roadsides. -
MDOT Access Management Guidebook
ReducingTrafficCongestion andImprovingTrafficSafety inMichiganCommunities: THE ACCESSMANAGEMENT GUIDEBOOK COMMUNITYA COMMUNITYB Cover graphics and ROW graphic by John Warbach, Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. Photos by Tom Doyle, Michigan Department of Transportation. Speed Differential graphic by Michigan Department of Transportation. Road Hierarchy graphic by Rossman Martin & Associates, Inc. Reducing Traffic Congestion and Improving Traffic Safety in Michigan Communities: THE ACCESS MANAGEMENT GUIDEBOOK October, 2001 Prepared by the Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. 715 N. Cedar Street Lansing, MI 48906-5206 517/886-0555 (tele), www.pzcenter.com Under contract to the Michigan Department of Transportation With the assistance of three Advisory Committees listed on the next page The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Michigan State Transportation Commission or the Michigan Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. Dedication This Guidebook is dedicated to the countless local elected officials, planning and zoning commissioners, zoning administrators, building inspectors, professional planners, and local, county and state road authority personnel who: • work tirelessly every day to make taxpayers investment in Michigan roads stretch as far as it can with the best possible result; and • who try to make land use decisions that build better communities without undermining the integrity of Michigan's road system. D:\word\access\title -
Arlington County Pavement Marking Specifications
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ARLINGTON COUNTY PAVEMENT MARKING SPECIFICATIONS MAY 2017 T-1.1 PAVEMENT MARKINGS Table of Contents 1. General ................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Design Criteria ...................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Marking Plan Preparation ..................................................................................................................... 4 Exhibits ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 MK – 1 Typical Crosswalk ......................................................................................................................... 5 MK – 1a Typical Crosswalk Details .............................................................................................................. 6 MK – 2 Typical Cross Section ..................................................................................................................... 7 MK – 3 Typical Speed Hump Markings ...................................................................................................... 8 MK – 4 Typical Speed Table ...................................................................................................................... 9 MK – 4a Typical Speed Hump Details ....................................................................................................... -
Chapter 3: Design an Interconnected Street System
Chapter 3: Design an Interconnected Street System [Figure 3.1 in margin near here] Street systems either maximize connectivity or frustrate it. North American neighborhoods built prior 1950 were rich in connectivity, as evidenced by the relatively high number of street intersections per square mile typically found there.1 Interconnected street systems provide more than one path to reach surrounding major streets. In most interconnected street networks two types of streets predominate: narrow residential streets and arterial streets. In this book, for reasons explained in chapter two, we call these arterial streets in interconnected networks “streetcar” arterials. On the other end of the spectrum are the post WWII suburban cul-de-sac systems where dead end streets predominate and offer only one path from home to surrounding suburban arterials. This cul-de-sac-dominated system can be characterized as dendritic or “treelike”, the opposite of the web of connections found in interconnected systems. Streets in this system all branch out from the main “trunk”, which in Canadian and U.S. cities is usually the freeway. Attached to the main trunk of the freeway are the major “branches”, which are the feeder suburban arterial streets or minor highways. These large branches then give access to the next category down the tree, the collector streets or the minor branches in the system. Collector streets then connect to the “twigs and branch tips” of the system, the residential streets, and dead end cul-de-sacs. The major advantages of the interconnected system is that it makes all trips as short as possible, allows pedestrians and bikes to flow through the system without inconvenience, and relieves congestion by providing many alternate routes to the same place. -
Transportation Master Plan
District of West Kelowna Transportation Master Plan February 20, 2014 District of West Kelowna Transportation Master Plan FORWARD This document represents the work of three independent consultants: Boulevard Transportation Group; Strategic Infrastructure Management Inc.; and Urban Systems Ltd. The experience of each of these consultants was drawn upon to develop and interpret available transportation system data to produce a long‐term strategy and plan intended to achieve a diverse, affordable and sustainable transportation system based upon the vision and goals described herein. District of West Kelowna Transportation Master Plan Revision Log Revision # Revised By Date Revision Description 1 Boulevard Transportation February 27, 2014 Table 7 amended District of West Kelowna Transportation Master Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Transportation Master Plan (TMP) builds upon the goals and objectives of the District’s Official Community Plan (OCP) to support the social and economic health of the District. The TMP uses current and future travel patterns and public expectations to determine incremental system improvements, and integrates these with existing infrastructure maintenance and renewal needs, to present a practical and affordable long-term transportation strategy. The recommended goals for the West Kelowna TMP are separated into the short-term and long-term. Short-term goals reflect supporting the gaps in the existing road network system as priority. The long-term goals focus on the improvements that will refine the transportation network and the efficiency of the system. Goals and Objectives The TMP’s 3 short term goals are: Connect residential, business, and industrial communities effectively and efficiently; Promote the safety and security of the transportation system; and Reduce vehicular travel with higher degree of mixed land uses. -
Guide to Traffic Management Part 1: Introduction to Traffic Management
SUPERSEDED PUBLICATION This document has been superseded. It should only be used for reference purposes. For current guidance please visit the Austroads website: www.austroads.com.au Guide to Traffic Management Part 1: Introduction to Traffic Management Sydney 2015 Guide to Traffic Management Part 1: Introduction to Traffic Management Third edition project manager: Jill Hislop Publisher Austroads Ltd. Level 9, 287 Elizabeth Street Third edition prepared by: Clarissa Han and James Luk Sydney NSW 2000 Australia First and second edition prepared by: Peter Croft Phone: +61 2 8265 3300 [email protected] Third edition May 2015 www.austroads.com.au Second edition November 2009 First edition published November 2007 About Austroads This third edition includes updated descriptions of each Part in Section 2 and Table 2.1. It also includes additional information on the functional road Austroads’ purpose is to: hierarchy in Section 3.4 and a new Section 4.5 on road environment safety. • promote improved Australian and New Zealand This edition also includes updated referencing to relevant legislations, transport outcomes standards and guidelines. • provide expert technical input to national policy development on road and road transport issues Pages 13 ISBN 978-1-925294-38-5 • promote improved practice and capability by Austroads Project No. NT2004 road agencies. • promote consistency in road and road agency Austroads Publication No. AGTM01-15 operations. © Austroads Ltd 2015 Austroads membership comprises: This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the • Roads and Maritime Services New South Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without Wales the prior written permission of Austroads. -
Line Structure Representation for Road Network Analysis
Line Structure Representation for Road Network Analysis Abstract: Road hierarchy and network structure are intimately linked; however, there is not a consistent basis for representing and analysing the particular hierarchical nature of road network structure. The paper introduces the line structure – identified mathematically as a kind of linearly ordered incidence structure – as a means of representing road network structure, and demonstrates its relation to existing representations of road networks: the ‘primal’ graph, the ‘dual’ graph and the route structure. In doing so, the paper shows how properties of continuity, junction type and hierarchy relating to differential continuity and termination are necessarily absent from primal and dual graph representations, but intrinsically present in line structure representations. The information requirements (in terms of matrix size) for specifying line structures relative to graphs are considered. A new property indicative of hierarchical status – ‘cardinality’ – is introduced and illustrated with application to example networks. The paper provides a more comprehensive understanding of the structure of road networks, relating different kinds of network representation, and suggesting potential application to network analysis. Keywords: Network science; Road hierarchy; Route structure; Graph theory; Line structure; Cardinality 1 1 Introduction Road network structure is routinely interpreted in terms of the configuration of roads in structures such as ‘trees’ or ‘grids’; but structure can also be interpreted in terms of the hierarchical relations between main and subsidiary, strategic and local, or through and side roads. In fact, these two kinds of structure – relating to configuration and constitution – are in some ways related. However, despite the proliferation of studies of road network structure, there is not a consistent basis for representing and analysing this dual nature of road network structure, either within traditions of network science or network design and management. -
Transportation Technical Report #1
MARIN COUNTYWIDE PLAN Built Environment Element Transportation Technical Report #1 The Transportation System and Transportation Modeling Alex Hinds, Community Development Director Michele Rodriguez, Principal Planner, AICP Frederick Vogler, GIS Manager Dan Dawson, Senior Planner Kristin Drumm, Planner Don Allee, Clerical Support Marin County Department of Public Works Room 304, Marin County Civic Center San Rafael, California 94903 July 2002 The Marin County Community Development Agency, Planning Division 3501 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903 This page intentionally left blank. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND MODELING TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................1 II. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................3 III. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS .................3 A. THE ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSIT SERVICE .................................3 1. Freeway ........................................................................................................3 2. Ramps ..........................................................................................................4 3. Primary Arterial ...........................................................................................4 4. Secondary Arterial .......................................................................................4 5. Commercial Collectors and Streets .............................................................4 -
RC-1555 MSU Contract Number: 61-7930
Safety and Operational Analysis of 4-lane to 3-lane Conversions (Road Diets) in Michigan Final Report ORBP Number: OR09118 MDOT Report Number: RC-1555 MSU Contract Number: 61-7930 10 January 2012 Submitted by: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University Richard W. Lyles, PhD, PE M. Abrar Siddiqui, PhD William C. Taylor, PhD, PE Bilal Z. Malik Gregory Siviy Tyler Haan Submitted to: Michigan Department of Transportation page left purposefully blank page ii final report: 4-to-3 lane conversions (road diets) Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession 3. MDOT Project Manager RC-1555 No. Tracie Leix N/A 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Safety and Operational Analysis of 4-Lane to 3-Lane January 2012 Conversions (Road Diets) in Michigan 6. Performing Organization Code N/A 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Org. Report No. Richard W. Lyles, PhD, PE; M. Abrar Siddiqui, PhD; William N/A C. Taylor, PhD, PE; Bilal Z. Malik; Gregory Siviy; and Tyler Haan 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering N/A Michigan State University 11. Contract No. East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226 2010-0294 11(a). Authorization No. Z2 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period Michigan Department of Transportation Covered Office of Research and Best Practices Final Report 425 West Ottawa Street Lansing MI 48933 14. Sponsoring Agency Code N/A 15. Supplementary Notes None 16. Abstract Road diets, specifically 4-to-3 lane conversions, implemented in various locations in Michigan were studied to determine the safety- and delay-related impacts, develop crash modification factors (CMFs), and develop guidelines that would be useful in deciding when it might be desirable to implement such road diets. -
LOCAL AREA TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT POLICY and GUIDELINES
LOCAL AREA TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT POLICY and GUIDELINES DM#295899 June 2003 PNCC Local Area Traffic Management(LATM) Policy and Guidelines CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 3 2 OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 5 3 BENEFITS AND EFFECTS ................................................................................................ 6 4 TYPES OF CONTROLS ..................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Signs ........................................................................................................................... 9 4.1.1 Stop and Give Way .............................................................................................. 9 4.1.2 Prohibited turn signs .......................................................................................... 10 4.1.3 One way streets ................................................................................................. 10 4.2 Vertical Displacement Controls (Speed Humps) ....................................................... 11 4.3 Horizontal Deflection Controls ( Chicanes ) .............................................................. 14 5 SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS....................................................................... 18 5.1 Step 1 - Initial Inquiry ................................................................................................