DOCSLIB.ORG

The Management of Acute Shortness of Breath in Young Adults

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Management of Acute Shortness of Breath in Young Adults 92 Clinical Clinical The management of acute shortness of breath in young adults V Y Ahuja, D Freshwater Abstract Shortness of breath (SOB), or dyspnoea, is a common presenting symptom in acute care, responsible for 8% of all 999 calls to the ambulance service and ranking as the third most common type of emergency call (1). It may be associated with significant pathology, so prompt identification and appropriate management are therefore imperative. Although a formal diagnosis guides risk stratification, prognostication and treatment, it must not delay resuscitation. Rather, the management of an acutely short of breath (ASOB) patient must follow an algorithm incorporating simultaneous assessment and resuscitation. This article discusses both of these aspects in some detail, as well as key features in the history and the differential diagnosis, before concluding with some consideration of how the different operational environments in which such patients can present may affect their management. Introduction Along with tachypnoea and perhaps tachycardia, there may The American Thoracic Society defines dyspnoea as: be associated symptoms such as chest pain, nausea and “A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that vomiting, cough, sweating, fevers, and/or palpitations, all of consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that varies which may assist in formulating a diagnosis. in intensity” (2). Acute dyspnoea is shortness of breath For the purposes of this article we shall assume that that has developed over seconds, minutes, hours or days. ASOB exists when, over a period of minutes, hours or days, Breathlessness can be physiological, almost exclusively a patient has developed any one (or more) of the following: in association with increased physical exertion. In this 1) Tachypnoea. case, the increased work of breathing is proportional to 2) The subjective experience of breathing discomfort. the perceived level of exertion. In this article we discuss 3) Subnormal SaO2 (patient specific but we shall assume pathological breathlessness experienced in situations not <94% except in cases of COPD). normally associated with laboured breathing. The resuscitation of a patient with ASOB follows an A to E In general, apart from when due to anxiety or pain, algorithm. In the context of trauma, the algorithm is <C> ASOB is caused by an actual or potential deficit in tissue A (c) B C (3). Table 1 lists the differential diagnosis for the oxygenation. This may be caused by inadequate oxygen ASOB medical patient, with associated clinical findings. intake from the environment (airway, breathing or central While this article’s focus is the ASOB patient presenting in nervous system problem), inadequate oxygen delivery by the the absence of trauma, Table 2 shows the additional causes circulation (circulation problem), or impaired oxygen uptake of ASOB that should be considered in trauma, together by the tissues themselves (e.g. sepsis). To compensate, the with management strategies. It is important to highlight patient increases their respiratory rate (RR, tachypnoea that in the initial stages of managing an acutely unwell when RR >16 breaths per minute) and often, heart rate (HR, patient, calling for help is imperative as there is a need for tachycardia when HR >100 beats per minute). If, despite considerable concurrent activity. an elevated RR, the patient is unable to acquire a sufficient Below is a description of the steps one must take in blood oxygenation, the capillary oxygen saturations may fall. assessing and resuscitating an ASOB patient, following As demonstrated by the oxygen dissociation curve, oxygen an A to E approach. Because of the linear nature of this saturations (SaO2) <94% (on air) herald a precipitous article, these are presented alphabetically and sequentially decline. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is (as in Vertical Resuscitation) but be aware that if manpower an exception to this: however, it is seen very infrequently allows, many of the steps should proceed simultaneously in the military and will not be discussed further here. (Horizontal Resuscitation). J Royal Naval Medical Service 2013, Vol 99.3 93 Table 1. Differential diagnosis for a medical patient with ASOB and associated clinical features Diagnosis Associated clinical features Sudden onset; associated with chest pain and cough. Past medical history; more likely in asthmatics and Pneumothorax tall, thin, male smokers Anaphylaxis Lip swelling, urticarial rash, wheeze, shock; known allergy (may carry an EpiPen®) Pulmonary embolus (PE) Chest pain, cough, haemoptysis, shock; may have evidence of DVT; may have previous history or risk factors Pneumonia Fever, cough, haemoptysis, chest pain; evidence of consolidation on examination Myocardial infarction Chest pain, nausea and vomiting, sweating; cardiac risk factors Airway obstruction Noisy breathing; may be history of foreign body inhalation/choking, burns, history suggestive of anaphylaxis Asthma/COPD Wheeze; generally previous history of asthma/COPD Diabetic ketoacidosis Known type 1 diabetic or new diagnosis (history of polydipsia, polyuria, malaise, weight loss) Sepsis Fever; symptoms specific to focus of infection Gradual onset; associated chest pain; quiet breath sounds, stony dull percussion note; Pleural effusion contralateral tracheal deviation in large effusions Hyperventilation Diagnosis of exclusion; patient often anxious/emotional Table 2. ASOB in trauma (taken from BLATOMFC in BATLS – life-threatening chest injuries) (3). Prehospital management (in Cause Clinical features Definitive management addition to O2) History of blast; reduced breath sounds; Blast Lung haemoptyisis. May be minimal external Supportive Supportive signs of chest injury. Clear airway; jaw thrust; Airway compromise Stridor, gargling etc; central cyanosis adjuncts; cricothyroidotomy; Surgical airway; intubation surgical airway As for pneumothorax with signs of shock; Needle thoracocentesis; Tension Pneumothorax distended neck veins; tracheal deviation Chest drain consider chest drain (contralateral to the affected side) Ipsilateral: reduced chest movement; (Open) Pneumothorax reduced breath sounds; hyper-resonant Consider chest drain Chest drain percussion note Signs of shock; ipsilateral: reduced chest (Massive) Haemothorax movement; reduced breath sounds; dull iv fluids; consider chest drain Chest drain percussion note Flail chest Paradoxical movement of portion of chest wall Analgesia Analgesia Signs of shock; distended neck veins; Clamshell thoracotomy (if Clamshell thoracotomy; other Cardiac tamponade muffled heart sounds; pulsus paradoxus available) (6) cardiothoracic surgery Arrest of bleeding; leg iv fluids (including blood); Hypovolaemia Signs of shock elevation; iv fluids surgery Overlying bruising or rib fractures; reduced Lung contusions Supportive Supportive breath sounds; dull percussion note Patient reports pain; physiological derangement Pain Analgesia Analgesia disproportionate to identifiable injuries A - Airway to assess breathing. If not, airway compromise must be In the majority of cases, ASOB is conspicuous and the excluded. In the latter case, there may be additional noises patient looks distressed and unwell. Having taken note of such as stridor, gargling and snoring. the patient’s overall condition, airway assessment follows Firstly, inspect the airway and if an obstructing foreign with a rapid and extremely informative test, which is to ask body is noted this should be removed under direct vision the patient to count aloud from one to ten in one breath. As (ideally with Magill’s forceps). If there are obstructing well as confirming the patency of the airway, it provides a secretions or vomit, use suction. Never perform a blind rapid insight into the severity of SOB. If the patient is able finger sweep as you may propel any foreign body distally to speak normally, the airway is patent and you may proceed into the airway. In the absence of either, perform an airway 94 Clinical opening manoeuvre such as a head tilt/chin lift or jaw Oxygen thrust (particularly used in trauma). Having opened the Having secured the airway, high-flow oxygen should be airway, an adjunct may be required to maintain it, such as a given. In the acutely unwell patient, this will be 12–15 L/min nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway (which is generally through a non-rebreathing mask (4). This may subsequently poorly tolerated in the conscious patient). If, in spite of be titrated to SaO2 94–98% (4). Hypoxia (low oxygen) taking all of the above actions the airway is still inadequate, will kill before hypercarbia (high/rising carbon dioxide). time is critical and in the absence of an airway specialist Furthermore, in our Service population we do not see COPD (e.g. an anaesthetist) a surgical airway may be required. patients who rely on hypoxia for their ventilatory drive. While awaiting urgent evacuation, you should proceed to After securing the airway and giving oxygen, breathing resuscitate the patient as below. must be assessed. Table 3. ‘RISE N FALL’ breathing assessment B - Breathing As for the airway, when managing B it is necessary to R Respiratory rate simultaneously assess and resuscitate. There are numerous I Injuries mnemonics which may useful in the assessment of B. ‘RISE N FALL’, although derived from Battlefield Advanced S Symmetry of chest movement Trauma Life Support (BATLS), can be used in the medical E Effort of breathing patient although ‘IPPA’ is more commonly used. Tables N Neck 3 and 4 show the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Musculoskeletal Diagnosis Utilizing History and Physical Examination: Focus on Spine
    NYU Long Island School of Medicine MUSCULOSKELETAL DIAGNOSIS UTILIZING HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: FOCUS ON SPINE Ralph K. Della Ratta, MD, FACP Kevin J. Curley, MD, FACP Division of General Internal Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital NYU Long Island School of Medicine, SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine Board Certified in IM and Primary Care Sports Medicine Learning Objectives 1. Identify components of the focused history and physical examination that will guide musculoskeletal diagnosis 2. Utilize musculoskeletal examination provocative maneuvers to aide differential diagnosis 3. Review the evidence base (likelihood ratios etc.) that is known about musculoskeletal physical examination 2 NYU Long Island School of Medicine * ¾ of medical diagnoses are still made on history and exam despite technological Musculoskeletal Physical Exam advances of modern medicine • Physical examination is key to musculoskeletal diagnosis • Unlike many other organ systems, the diagnostic standard for many musculoskeletal disorders is the exam finding (e.g. diagnosis of epicondylitis, see below) • “You may think you have not seen it, but it has seen you!” Lateral Epicondylitis confirmed on exam by reproducing pain at lateral epicondyle with resisted dorsiflexion at wrist **not diagnosed with imaging** 3 NYU Long Island School of Medicine Musculoskeletal Physical Exam 1. Inspection – symmetry, swelling, redness, deformity 2. Palpation – warmth, tenderness, crepitus, swelling 3. Range of motion *most sensitive for joint disease Bates Pocket Guide to Physical
    [Show full text]
  • EPA Quick Reference Guide
    EPA Quick Reference Guide EPAs 1 & 2 – Professionalism Unacceptable • Unreliable • Dishonest • Avoids responsibility • Commitment uncertain • Dresses inappropriately • Unexplained absences • Verbal and non-verbal disrespect towards preceptor • Does not recognize own limitations and the need to seek assistance • Unable to comprehend the point of view and emotional state of other people • Judgmental of others • Fails to recognize and respect cross-cultural and gender differences Minimally Competent • Sometimes late • Not consistently able to complete assignments or tasks • Not consistently considerate of the feelings and emotional needs of others • Sometimes judgmental Competent • Punctual • Dependable • Accepts responsibilities • Demonstrates a willingness to accept feedback regarding necessary change(s) • Appropriately shows concern for others’ feelings and interacts accordingly • Recognizes and respects cross-cultural and gender differences Office of Medical Education 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, Va. 24502 [email protected] EPAs 3 & 4 – Data Gathering / Interviewing & Physical Examination Skills Unacceptable • Inefficient, disorganized • Weak prioritization skills • Misses major findings • Fails to appreciate physical findings and pertinent information • History and/or physical exam incomplete or inaccurate • Insufficient attention to psychosocial issues • Needs to work on establishing rapport with patients • Needs to work on awareness of appropriate boundaries with patients • Needs to improve demonstration of compassion •
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Reasoning - the Process of Thinking and Decision Making, Consciously & Unconsciously  Guide Practice Actions
    Diagnostic Reasoning “DR” Toolbox for Hospitalist Faculty Heather Hofmann, MD Department of Medicine 2017-18 2 Goal Increase faculty familiarity with diagnostic reasoning principles and tools so as to improve its teaching. Three Parts: I: Introduction to Diagnostic Reasoning II: DR Toolbox III: Structured Reflection Exercise (SRE) 4 Part I: Introduction to Diagnostic Reasoning Learning Objectives - Understand the “what” and “why” of Diagnostic Reasoning - Recognize dual-process theory’s role in “how” we reason 6 What is Diagnostic Reasoning? - Clinical reasoning - The process of thinking and decision making, consciously & unconsciously guide practice actions 25yo female G1P0, 2m gestation returns from Rio. - Diagnostic reasoning: - The process of collecting & analyzing information establish a diagnosis chest pain STEMI in proximal LAD abdominal pain acute appendicitis 7 Why teach diagnostic reasoning? - Incorrect diagnoses are often at the root of medical errors - DR is a means to apply basic science to clinical problems - Central to being a physician 8 Patient’s perspective What’s wrong with me? Is it bad? What can we do about it? 9 Why now? Never too early for practice 10 From Novice to Expert 11 How do we reason? Information processing theory 12 How do we reason? Information processing theory: Dual process theory. Analytical Non-analytical Conscious Unconscious Type/System 2 Type/System 1 Slow Fast Effortful Automatic Deliberative Involuntary Logical Emotional Requires attention, Executes skilled self-control, time. response and
    [Show full text]
  • New Patient Medical History Form
    NEW PATIENT MEDICAL HISTORY FORM Full Name: Date: Birth Date: Age: ALLERGIES o NO ALLERGIES ALLERGY ALLERGIC REACTION MEDICATIONS MEDICATIONS DOSE TIMES PER DAY (Please list ALL) (Mg., pill, etc.) If you need more room to list medications, please write them on a blank sheet of paper with the required information HEALTH MAINTENANCE SCREENING TEST HISTORY CHolesterol Date: Facility/Provider: Abnormal Result? Y N Colonoscopy/SIGMOID Date: Facility/Provider: Abnormal Result? Y N Mammogram Date: Facility/Provider: Abnormal Result? Y N PAP SMEAR Date: Facility/Provider: Abnormal Result? Y N BONE density Date: Facility/Provider: Abnormal Result? Y N VACCINATION HISTORY Last Tetanus Booster or TdaP: Last Pnuemovax (Pneumonia): Last Flu Vaccine: Last Prevnar: Last Zoster Vaccine (Shingles): PERSONAL MEDICAL HISTORY DISEASE/CONDITION CURRENT PAST COMMENTS Alcoholism/Drug Abuse Asthma Cancer (type:_________________________________) Depression/Anxiety/Bipolar/Suicidal Diabetes (type:_______________________________) Emphysema (COPD) Heart Disease High Blood Pressure (hypertension) High Cholesterol Hypothyroidism/Thyroid Disease Renal (kidney) Disease Migraine Headaches Stroke Other: Other: SURGERIES TYPE (specify left/right) Date Location/Facility WOMEN’S HEALTH HISTORY Date of Last Menstrual Cycle: Age of First Menstruation: _____ Age of Menopause: _____ Total Number of Pregnancies: Number of Live Births: Pregnancy Complications: Patient Name: DOB: family MEDICAL HISTORY o NO Significant Family History IS KNOWN 4 CHECK ALL THat apply Stroke Cancer
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiovascular Assessment
    Cardiovascular Assessment A Home study Course Offered by Nurses Research Publications P.O. Box 480 Hayward CA 94543-0480 Office: 510-888-9070 Fax: 510-537-3434 No unauthorized duplication photocopying of this course is permitted Editor: Nurses Research 1 HOW TO USE THIS COURSE Thank you for choosing Nurses Research Publication home study for your continuing education. This course may be completed as rapidly as you desire. However there is a one-year maximum time limit. If you have downloaded this course from our website you will need to log back on to pay and complete your test. After you submit your test for grading you will be asked to complete a course evaluation and then your certificate of completion will appear on your screen for you to print and keep for your records. Satisfactory completion of the examination requires a passing score of at least 70%. No part of this course may be copied or circulated under copyright law. Instructions: 1. Read the course objectives. 2. Read and study the course. 3. Log back onto our website to pay and take the test. If you have already paid for the course you will be asked to login using the username and password you selected when you registered for the course. 4. When you are satisfied that the answers are correct click grade test. 5. Complete the evaluation. 6. Print your certificate of completion. If you have a procedural question or “nursing” question regarding the materials, call (510) 888-9070 for assistance. Only instructors or our director may answer a nursing question about the test.
    [Show full text]
  • Patient/ Family History
    Patient/ Family Mankato History Location: Mankato Fairmont New Prague Springfield St. James Waseca PATIENT PROVIDED INFORMATION The information you provide us will greatly help us to provide the highest quality and comprehensive care for you. Date Gender Male Female Date of birth (Month/Day/Year) A. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY 1. Have you ever traveled or lived outside of the United States or Canada? Do not know No Yes 2. Have you ever received a blood transfusion? Do not know No Yes (If yes, check all that apply.) Before 1980 1980-1990 After 1990 3. Have you received the following immunizations and/or had the disease? Pneumococcal (For pneumonia) Do not know No Yes Mumps Do not know No Yes Hepatitis B Do not know No Yes Rubella Do not know No Yes Hepatitis A Do not know No Yes Polio Do not know No Yes Measles Do not know No Yes Varicella (For chicken pox) Do not know No Yes 4. Indicate whether you have ever had a medical problem or surgery related to each of the following. Check all that apply. Medical Problem Surgery/Year Medical Problem Surgery/Year Eyes Lungs Ears Esophagus (Food or swallowing pipe) Nose Stomach (Ulcer) Sinuses Bowel (Small or large intestine, rectum) Tonsils Appendix Thyroid or parathyroid gland Lymph nodes Heart problems: Spleen Heart attack Liver Heart valves Gallbladder Abnormal heart rhythm Pancreas Narrowed coronary arteries Hernia Other Kidneys Arteries (Head, arms, legs, aorta, etc.) Bladder Veins or blood clots in the veins Bones ©2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Page 1 of 4 1081MR rev10/14 (Label) Patient Name DOB Unit No.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Staff Medical Record Policy
    Number: MS -012 Effective Date: September 26, 2016 BO Revised:11/28/2016; 11/27/2017; 1/22/2018; 8/27/2018 CaroMont Regional Medical Center Author: Approved: Patrick Russo, MD, Chief-of-Staff Authorized: Todd Davis, MD, EVP, GMO MEDICAL STAFF MEDICAL RECORD POLICY 1. REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF THE MEDICAL RECORD The medical record shall include information to support the patient's diagnosis and condition, justify the patient's care, treatment and services, and document the course and result of the patient's care, and services to promote continuity of care among providers. The components may consist of the following: identification data, history and physical examination, consultations, clinical laboratory findings, radiology reports, procedure and anesthesia consents, medical or surgical treatment, operative report, pathological findings, progress notes, final diagnoses, condition on discharge, autopsy report when performed, other pertinent information and discharge summary. 2. ADMISSION HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FOR HOSPITAL CARE Please refer to CaroMont Regional Medical Center Medical Staff Bylaws, Section 12.E. A. The history and physical examination (H&P), when required, shall be performed and recorded by a physician, dentist, podiatrist, or privileged practitioner who has an active NC license and has been granted privileges by the hospital. The H&P is the responsibility of the attending physician or designee. Oral surgeons, dentists, and podiatrists are responsible for the history and physical examination pertinent to their area of specialty. B. If a physician has delegated the responsibility of completing or updating an H&P to a privileged practitioner who has been granted privileges to do H&Ps, the H&P and/or update must be countersigned by the supervisor physician within 30 days after discharge to complete the medi_cal record.
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDELINES for WRITING SOAP NOTES and HISTORY and PHYSICALS
    GUIDELINES FOR WRITING SOAP NOTES and HISTORY AND PHYSICALS by Lois E. Brenneman, M.S.N, C.S., A.N.P, F.N.P. © 2001 NPCEU Inc. all rights reserved NPCEU INC. PO Box 246 Glen Gardner, NJ 08826 908-537-9767 - FAX 908-537-6409 www.npceu.com Copyright © 2001 NPCEU Inc. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatever, including information storage, or retrieval, in whole or in part (except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews), without written permission of the publisher: NPCEU, Inc. PO Box 246, Glen Gardner, NJ 08826 908-527-9767, Fax 908-527-6409. Bulk Purchase Discounts. For discounts on orders of 20 copies or more, please fax the number above or write the address above. Please state if you are a non-profit organization and the number of copies you are interested in purchasing. 2 GUIDELINES FOR WRITING SOAP NOTES and HISTORY AND PHYSICALS Lois E. Brenneman, M.S.N., C.S., A.N.P., F.N.P. Written documentation for clinical management of patients within health care settings usually include one or more of the following components. - Problem Statement (Chief Complaint) - Subjective (History) - Objective (Physical Exam/Diagnostics) - Assessment (Diagnoses) - Plan (Orders) - Rationale (Clinical Decision Making) Expertise and quality in clinical write-ups is somewhat of an art-form which develops over time as the student/practitioner gains practice and professional experience. In general, students are encouraged to review patient charts, reading as many H/Ps, progress notes and consult reports, as possible. In so doing, one gains insight into a variety of writing styles and methods of conveying clinical information.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis and Management of Chlamydia: a Guide for Gps
    ■ PRESCRIBING IN PRACTICE Diagnosis and management of chlamydia: a guide for GPs ELEANOR DRAEGER SPL Chlamydia is a common sexually- transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. This article discusses its diagnosis and treatment, and considers the GP’s role in management. hlamydia is the most common sexually-transmitted infection C(STI) in the UK, with 203,116 new diagnoses in England in 2017, of which 126,828 (62%) were in young people aged 15–24 years.1 Chlamydia is transmitted primarily through penetrative sex and infects the urethra and endocervix. It can also infect the throat and the rectum, and in some cases the conjunctiva. It is very infectious, with a concordance of up to 75% between sexual partners. There are many risk factors for chlamydia infection, including being under the age of 25 years, having a new sexual partner and inconsistent use of condoms. If a woman contracts chlamydia during pregnancy it can be transmitted to the baby at delivery, causing conjunctivitis or pneumonia. Classification of chlamydia infections There are three species of chlamydia bacteria that can cause disease in humans: • Chlamydia psittaci – the natural host is birds, especially par- rots, but it can be transmitted to humans, causing psittacosis • Chlamydia pneumoniae – causes respiratory disease in humans • Chlamydia trachomatis – several different serovars can cause disease (including STIs) in humans, as detailed in Figure 1. Symptoms The majority of genital chlamydia infections are asymptomatic, but they can cause significant symptoms. In women, chlamydia can cause vaginal discharge, dysuria, abdominal and pelvic pain, post-coital and intermenstrual bleeding, and deep dys- pareunia.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis Of
    Lyu et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2019) 19:209 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1177-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Clinical characteristics and prognosis of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction: insights from a multi-centre registry study in China Lyu Siqi, Yu Litian* , Tan Huiqiong, Liu Shaoshuai, Liu Xiaoning, Guo Xiao and Zhu Jun Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) with mid-range ejection fraction (EF) (HFmrEF) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the understanding of HFmrEF remains limited, especially among Asian patients. Therefore, analysis of a Chinese HF registry was undertaken to explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of HFmrEF. Methods: A total of 755 HF patients from a multi-centre registry were classified into three groups based on EF measured by echocardiogram at recruitment: HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) (n = 211), HFmrEF (n = 201), and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) (n = 343). Clinical data were carefully collected and analyzed at baseline. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality while the secondary endpoints included hospitalization due to HF and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during 1-year follow-up. Cox regression and Logistic regression were performed to identify the association between the three EF strata and 1-year outcomes. Results: The prevalence of HFmrEF was 26.6% in the observed HF patients. Most of the clinical characteristics of HFmrEF were intermediate between HFrEF and HFpEF. But a significantly higher ratio of prior myocardial infarction (p = 0.002), ischemic heart disease etiology (p = 0.004), antiplatelet drug use (p = 0.009), angioplasty or stent implantation (p = 0.003) were observed in patients with HFmrEF patients than those with HFpEF and HFrEF.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical History and Physical Examination Worksheet
    U.S. Department of State OMB No. 1405-0113 EXPIRATION DATE: xx/xx/xxxx MEDICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION WORKSHEET ESTIMATED BURDEN: 35 minutes For use with DS-2053 (See Page 2 - Back of Form) Name (Last, First, MI) Exam Date (mm-dd-yyyy) Birth Date (mm-dd-yyyy) Passport Number Alien (Case) Number 1. Past Medical History (indicate conditions requiring medication or other treatment after resettlement and give details in Remarks) NOTE: The following history has been reported, has not been verified by a physician, and should not be deemed medically definitive. No Yes No Yes General Ever caused SERIOUS injury to others, caused MAJOR Illness or injury requiring hospitalization (including psychiatric) property damage or had trouble with the law because of Cardiology medical condition, mental disorder, or influence of alcohol or drugs Angina pectoris Hypertension (high blood pressure) Obstetrics and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Pregnancy Fundal height cm Cardiac arrhythmia Last menstrual period Date (mm-dd-yyyy) Congenital heart disease Sexually transmitted diseases, specify Pulmonology History of tobacco use Current useYes No Endocrinology and Hematology Asthma Diabetes mellitus Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema) Thyroid disease History of tuberculosis (TB) disease History of malaria Treated Yes No Other Current TB symptoms Yes No Malignancy, specify Neurology and Psychiatry Chronic renal disease History of stroke, with current impairment Chronic hepatitis or other chronic liver disease Seizure disorder Hansen's Disease
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of the Medical History for the Diagnosis of Simulated Cases by Medical Students
    International Journal of Medical Education. 2012;3:78-82 ISSN: 2042-6372 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.4f8a.e48c The contribution of the medical history for the diagnosis of simulated cases by medical students Tomoko Tsukamoto, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Kazutaka Noda, Toshihiko Takada, Masatomi Ikusaka Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Japan Correspondence: Tomoko Tsukamoto, Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, 260-8677 Japan. Email: [email protected] Accepted: April 15, 2012 Abstract Objectives: The case history is an important part of diag- rates were compared using analysis of the χ2-test. nostic reasoning. The patient management problem method Results: Sixty students (63.8%) made a correct diagnosis, has been used in various studies, but may not reflect the which was based on the history in 43 students (71.7%), actual reasoning process because a list of choices is given to physical findings in 11 students (18.3%), and laboratory the subjects in advance. This study investigated the contri- data in 6 students (10.0%). Compared with students who bution of the history to making the correct diagnosis by considered the correct diagnosis in their differential diagno- using clinical case simulation, in which students obtained sis after taking a history, students who failed to do so were clinical information by themselves. 5.0 times (95%CI = 2.5-9.8) more likely to make a final Methods: A prospective study was conducted. Ninety-four misdiagnosis (χ2(1) = 30.73; p<0.001). fifth-year medical students from Chiba University who Conclusions: History taking is especially important for underwent supervised clinical clerkships in 2009 were making a correct diagnosis when students perform clinical surveyed.
    [Show full text]