Seasonal variation of tides, currents, salinity and temperature along the coast of Mozambique
Item Type Journal Contribution
Authors Sete, C.I.; Ruby, J.; Dove, V.
Publisher Maputo : Instituto Nacional de Hidrografia e Navegacao
Download date 03/10/2021 15:57:37
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/188
UNESCO (IOC) CENADO ODINAFRICA Centro Nacional de Dados Oceanográficos
SEASONAL VARIATION OF TIDES, CURRENTS, SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE ALONG THE COAST OF MOZAMBIQUE By Cândida Sete (*), Jafar Ruby (*) and Verónica Dove (**)
(*) Instituto Nacional de Hidrografia e Navegação (INAHINA) (**) Instituto de Investigação Pesqueira (IIP)
January, 2002
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report was prepared by:
Candida Sete - Physical Oceanographer at the National Institute of Hydrography and Navigation- INAHINA
Jafar Ruby - Physical Oceanographer at National Institute of Hydrography and Navigation - INAHINA
Verónica Fernando Dove - Physical Oceanographer at Fisheries Research Institute - IIP
The team members would like to express their gratitude to:
• Eng. Albano Gove – Director of INAHINA
• Dr. António Mubango Hoguane Chair of UNESCO Marine Science at Eduardo Mondlane University - UEM
• Dr. Rui Silva from the Fisheries Research Institute - IIP
• Mr. António Olívio Sitoe from INAHINA – CENADO
For their contribution and support for this report.
This report was made possible through the support provided by the UNESCO - IOC.
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Contents Page
Acknowledgements 2
1.General socio-economic situation of Mozambique 4
1.1.Geography 4
1.2. Economic driving forces 4
1.3. General 4
1.4. Objective of the study 4
1.5. Methodology of the study 5
2. Physical environment 5
2. 1. Climate 5
2.2. Wind conditions 5
2.3. Precipitation 9
2.4. Rivers 9
3. Sea Level variations in the coast of Mozambique 10
4.Temperature and salinity variation along the Mozambique coast 22
5. Current patterns along Mozambique coast 45
6.Overall conclusions 51
7. References 53
8. Appendix 59
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1.GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF MOZAMBIQUE
1.1. Geography
Mozambique is situated on the eastern coast of Southern Africa, between 10° 27´ S and 26° 52´ S latitudes and 30° 12´ E and 40° 51´ E longitudes. It is bordered by the Republic of Tanzania in the north, by Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe in the west, by South Africa and Swaziland in the south and by the Indian Ocean, which makes up to 2700 km of coastline.
1.2. Economic driving forces
Agriculture is the most productive and important sector in the national economy accounting for about 24.6% of gross domestic product (GDP), almost 40% of exports and employing 77.6% of the labour force. Services account for over half of GDP, although the sector employs less than 10% of the working population. Industry contributes with almost the same proportion to the country’s employment as services, but its contribution to GDP is much more modest, of about 8.6% in 1997.
1.3.General
Mozambique has the third largest coastline in Africa characterised by wide diversity of habitats including sandy beaches, sand dunes, coral reefs, estuarine systems, bays, mangroves and sea grass beds.
Coastal resources such as fisheries, agriculture and forestry contribute significantly to the national income and provide social and economic benefits to about two thirds of the population living in the coastal areas.
Different research cruises have been carried out in the Mozambique coastal waters, although they are not undertaken in a regular basis. They are carried out in research and commercial vessels belonging mainly to foreign institutions or companies.
The objectives vary from oceanographic research to evaluation and assessment of fisheries along the coast. Because the research cruises were occasional and directed to specific areas depending on their objectives, the existing oceanographic information is little and does not cover satisfactory the coast.
1.4. The Objective of the Study
The main objective of the study is to describe as concisely as possible the oceanographic conditions of the Mozambique coastal waters. This could be of value for further hydrodynamic studies of coastal areas with particular emphasis on physical processes that most influence the coastal and marine resources, contributing for its sustainable management.
Due to the lack of data, it was not possible to extend this study to analyse the variation of other parameters as suggested in the terms of reference.
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The possible beneficiaries of this study include, among others, port services, coastal engineering, coastal management, scientific research and students.
1.5. Methodology of the study
The approach in the methodology used for this report consisted of: