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British Jewish Studies' (Pardes 18 (2012)) PaRDeS ZEITSCHRIFT DER VEREINIGUNG FÜR JÜDISCHE STUDIEN E.V. EINBLICKE IN DIE ‚BRITISH JEWISH STUDIES‘ INSIGHT INTO ‘BRITISH JEWISH STUDIES’ (2012) HEFT 18 UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG POTSDAM PaRDeS Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Einblicke in die ‚British Jewish Studies‘ Insight into ‘British Jewish Studies’ (2012) Heft 18 Universitätsverlag Potsdam PaRDeS ZEITSCHRIFT DER VEREINIGUNG FÜR JÜDISCHE STUDIEN E. V. Herausgegeben von Rebekka Denz, Grażyna Jurewicz und Dorothea Salzer Im Auftrag der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam Einblicke in die ‚British Jewish Studies‘ Insight into ‘British Jewish Studies’ (2012) Heft 18 Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISSN (print) 1614–6492 ISSN (online) 1862–7684 ISBN 978-3-86956-177-6 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National- bibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.de/ abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2012 Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam | http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533 | Fax: -2292 | [email protected] Redaktion: Rebekka Denz (Artikel, [email protected]) Grażyna Jurewicz (Artikel, [email protected]) Dr. Dorothea Salzer (Rezensionen und Liste ausgewählter Neuerscheinungen, salzer@uni- potsdam.de) Redaktionsschluss: Heft 19 (2013): 14.01.2013 Es wird um Einsendung von Beiträgen gebeten. Die Redaktion behält sich das Recht vor, Bei- träge abzulehnen, in geteilter Form zu drucken oder nach Rücksprache zu kürzen. Die veröf- fentlichten Texte spiegeln Meinungen und Kenntnisstand der AutorInnen. Sie geben nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Herausgeberinnen bzw. der Gesamtredaktion wieder. Alle in PaR- DeS veröffentlichen Artikel sind in „Rambi. Index of Articles on Jewish Studies” nachgewiesen. Umschlagabbildung: Die Umschlagabbildung zeigt die Synagoge in Bury St Edmund (Suf- folk). Das Bild von 1827 stammt aus der Werkstatt des englischen Druckers Henry Davy. Quelle: The British Museum. Wikipedia Commons. Druck: docupoint GmbH Magdeburg Layout und Satz: Martin Meyerhoff (http://www.wissensatz.de) ISSN (print) 1614–6492 ISSN (online) 1862–7684 ISBN 978-3-86956-177-6 Zugleich online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam: URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2012/5925/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59255 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59255 Einblicke in die ‚British Jewish Studies‘ Editorial Mit dem diesjährigen Heft schließen wir an die Ausgabe „Geographical Turn“ von 2010 an, in der wir uns den Jüdischen Studien jenseits der östlichen Gren- ze Deutschlands widmeten. Unser Augenmerk richteten wir damals auf das in Ostmitteleuropa wieder erwachende Interesse an der jüdischen Religion und Kultur und seine Konstituierung als Wissenschaft. Autoren aus Rumänien, Litauen, Polen, Tschechien und der Slowakei berichteten für PaRDeS über die Ergebnisse ihrer Forschungen zu jüdischen Themen. Die Beiträge spiegelten den thematischen Reichtum sowie die geographische und zeitliche Weitläufig- keit der Fragestellungen der Wissenschaft vom Judentum in Ostmitteleuropa wider. Mit einem geographisch definierten Schwerpunkt beabsichtigten wir, die heutige Landkarte der Wissenschaft vom Judentum mit deren beiden Zen- tren – Israel und den USA – detaillierter zu zeichnen. Auch mit dem aktuellen Themenfokus stellen wir uns dies zur Aufgabe. Hiermit legen wir ein Heft vor, das in Zusammenarbeit mit der Schwe- sterorganisation der „Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V.“, der „British As- sociation of Jewish Studies“ (BAJS), entstand. Der Akzent liegt diesmal auf der Wissenschaft vom Judentum auf den britischen Inseln, womit ein geogra- phisches Gebiet fokussiert wird, das nach Frankreich die zweitgrößte jüdische Bevölkerung in Europa aufweist. An dieser Stelle äußern wir unseren Dank an den Präsidenten der BAJS Prof. Sacha Stern, dem Geschäftsführer der Dr. Lars Fischer und die Mitglieder der BAJS, die uns Einblicke in ihre Forschung gewähren. Ohne sie wäre dieses Heft nicht entstanden. Der Themenschwerpunkt des Heftes wird durch eine organisationsge- schichtliche Abhandlung über Flüchtlingskomitees in Großbritannien eröff- net. Susan Cohen führt in die Gründungsgeschichte und Betätigungsfelder dieser Organisationen ein, die bereits 1933 ihre Arbeit aufnahmen und bis in die Zeit des Zweiten Weltkriegs aktiv blieben. Die Autorin rückt dabei das Engagement von (jüdischen) Frauenorganisationen und einzelnen (jüdischen) Frauen ins Blickfeld ihrer Betrachtung. 6 Editorial Im anschließenden Beitrag wendet sich Miri Freud-Kandel der Nachkriegs- zeit zu. Die Autorin thematisiert die moderne jüdische Orthodoxie in Groß- britannien. Sie definiert den Begriff „Minhag Anglia“ und diskutiert die Veror- tung dieser Strömung des religiösen Judentums in der britischen Gesellschaft des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Die zwei folgenden Artikel befassen sich mit Aspekten zeitgenössischer Er- innerungskultur in Bezug auf die Judenheit der britischen Inseln. Den Auftakt macht Natalie Wynn mit ihren historiographischen Betrachtungen über das Verhältnis der irischen Juden zum Antisemitismus und zur derzeitigen Politik in Irland. Die Autorin plädiert für eine Neubestimmung der Prinzipien der Quellenarbeit und des Umgangs mit den vorliegenden Sachverhalten. Im An- schluss widmet sich Toni Griffiths den gegenwärtigen Erinnerungsprozessen in England, die sich auf die Existenz der mittelalterlichen Judenheit beziehen. Unter Rückgriff auf Pierre Noras Theorie der Erinnerung analysiert sie diese auf lokaler Ebene anhand zweier Beispiele der Städte York und Winchester. Der letzte Beitrag im Themenschwerpunkt verlässt die britischen Inseln als geographisches Untersuchungsgebiet und wendet sich einem allgemein judaistisch-religionswissenschaftlichen Thema zu. Ann Conway-Jones stellt ihre Lesart der Texte aus dem 1. Buch Henoch, der Hekhalot-Literatur und der Schriften Philos vor. Die Autorin befragt diese Werke zu den Aspekten der Körperlichkeit und dem Motiv des Aufstiegs in die Himmel. Die Reihe der Beiträge außerhalb des Themenschwerpunktes „Einblicke in die ‚British Jewish Studies‘“ eröffnet Annett Martini mit ihren Ausführungen zu einem Aspekt der jüdischen Sprachmystik. Die Verfasserin befasst sich mit den hebräischen Vokalen, die in der Kabbala für Träger der göttlichen Wirk- kraft galten und als Anlass zu mystischen Spekulationen dienten. Anhand aus- gesuchter Beispiele stellt sie die unterschiedlichen Lesarten der Vokale dar und arbeitet die wichtigsten vokalmystischen Schulen heraus. Rafael Arnold widmet sich in seinem Artikel einer 1622/23 in Venedig erschienenen Vertonung hebräischer Texte, die unter dem Titel „Lieder Sa- lomons“ bekannt ist. Deren Anfertigung stellt er als Ergebnis einer Zusam- menarbeit des Komponisten Salamone Rossi Hebreo mit dem Rabbiner Leon Modena dar und deutet dieses musikalische Projekt als Synthese jüdischer und nicht-jüdischer Traditionen. Im anschließenden Beitrag beschäftigt sich Sebastian Pella mit einer auf Reichsebene vorgenommenen, nationalsozialistischen Aktion, deren Beginn Einblicke in die ‚British Jewish Studies‘ 7 auf 1942 zu datieren ist. Anhand von Archivmaterialien rekonstruiert der Au- tor einen systematischen Versuch seitens der Nationalsozialisten, vermittels einer fotografischen Dokumentation von jüdischen Grabsteininschriften die jüdische Bevölkerung genealogisch-demographisch, migrationsgeschichtlich und „rassenkundlich“ zu erfassen. Der Beitrag von Werner Himmelmann knüpft inhaltlich an die PaRDeS- Ausgabe von 2011 „Ghetto: Räume und Grenzen im Judentum“ an. Der Au- tor definiert in seinem Essay den Begriff ‚Ghetto‘ im juristischen Sinne und fokussiert hierbei insbesondere Fragen und Problematiken im Kontext des „Gesetzes zur Zahlbarmachung von Renten aus Beschäftigungen in einem Ghetto“ (ZRBG) aus dem Jahre 2002. Auf die wissenschaftlichen Artikel folgt ein Bericht von Anna M. Rosner über die „Vierte Warschauer Konferenz für Nachwuchswissenschaftler der Jü- dischen Studien“. Im Juni 2011 nahmen in der polnischen Hauptstadt mehr als hundert junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus Polen, an- deren europäischen Ländern, Israel und aus Übersee an dieser polnisch- und englischsprachigen Tagung teil. Auch das vorliegende Heft wird durch einen umfangreichen Rezensionsteil und eine Liste der Neuerscheinungen abgerundet. Beide werden fortan von Dr. Dorothea M. Salzer betreut, die wir zudem mit der diesjährigen Ausgabe im Team der Herausgeberinnen herzlich willkommen heißen. Rebekka Denz, Grażyna Jurewicz und Dorothea M. Salzer Insight into ‘British Jewish Studies’ Editorial This year’s periodical follows on from the last issue“ Geographical Turn”, which focused on Jewish Studies on the other side of Germany’s Eastern border. In 2010 we turned our attention to the resurgent interest in the Jewish religion and culture in Middle and Eastern Europe and its foundation in this acade- mic field. In PaRDeS authors from Romania, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic referred to their current research on Jewish topics. The articles reflected this rich topic and the vast extent of questions (with regard to geography and time) about this field of academic research into Judaism (“Wissenschaft vom Judentum”) in Middle and Eastern Europe. With the geographical defined focus in this year’s issue, we aim to draw, in more detail, the current
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