Review Recent Development of Non-Peptide GnRH Antagonists Feng-Ling Tukun 1, Dag Erlend Olberg 1,2, Patrick J. Riss 2,3,4, Ira Haraldsen 4, Anita Kaass 5 and Jo Klaveness 1,* 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
[email protected] (F.-L.T.);
[email protected] (D.E.O.) 2 Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
[email protected] 3 Realomics SFI, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway 4 Department of neuropsychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Oslo, Norway;
[email protected] 5 Betanien Hospital, 3722 Skien, Norway;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +47-9177-6204 Received: 16 November 2017; Accepted: 4 December 2017; Published: 9 December 2017 Abstract: The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone, also referred to as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with the sequence (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) plays an important role in regulating the reproductive system. It stimulates differential release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH from pituitary tissue. To date, treatment of hormone-dependent diseases targeting the GnRH receptor, including peptide GnRH agonist and antagonists are now available on the market. The inherited issues associate with peptide agonists and antagonists have however, led to significant interest in developing orally active, small molecule, non-peptide antagonists. In this review, we will summarize all developed small molecule GnRH antagonists along with the most recent clinical data and therapeutic applications. Keywords: GnRH receptor; non-peptide GnRH antagonist 1.