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SOCMON South Asia SOCIOECONOMIC MONITORING GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL MANAGERS IN South Asia SOCMON South Asia August 2008 Vineeta Hoon, Gaya Sriskanthan, Philip Townsley, Ben Cattermoul Leah Bunce And Bob Pomeroy In Collaboration With The Socmon South Asia Drafting Group: Manish Chandi Rajendra Prasad Gladwin Gnanasir Naveen Namboodri Indra Ranasinghe Ali Rasheed SocMon South Asia 1 The SocMon South Asia guidelines were produced under two projects: The IUCN Global Marine Programme project “Management of Climate Change Impacts on Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystems in Tsunami-affected Areas of the Andaman Sea and South Asia” funded by the Foreign Ministry of Finland in support of activities under Coastal Ocean Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO); and The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Project “Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development for the Long-term Management and Conservation of MCPA’s encompassing Coral Reefs in South Asia” funded by the EU. This is coordinated by the South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP) together with the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN), and IMM Ltd. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the donors or IUCN. Published by: IUCN Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group Asia and IUCN Global Marine Programme Citation: Hoon V, Sriskanthan G, Townsley P, Cattermoul B, Bunce L, and Pomeroy B 2008. Socioeconomic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers of South Asia, SocMon South Asia. IUCN/CORDIO. Copyright: © 2008 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this report for educational or other non-commercial goals is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Copies of SocMon South Asia as well as the GCRMN Manual (2000) can be downloaded from www.iucn.org/marine and www. reefbase.org/socmon Hard copies can be requested from: Dr. Vineeta Hoon Ms. Gaya Sriskanthan Centre for Action Research on IUCN Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group Environment Science and Society Asia Regional Office 160 Sivananda Road Gillnagar Ext 2 63 Soi Prompong, Sukhumvit 39 Cholaimedu, Chennai 600094 Wattana, Bangkok 10110 Thailand [email protected] Phone: +662 662 4029 Fax: + 662 662 4389 [email protected] http://www.iucn.org/themes/marine/ Comments on SocMon South Asia and feedback on how it was used would be most appreciated. Please send your feedback to Vineeta Hoon or Gaya Sriskanthan Front cover photos clockwise from top: Woman curing tuna, Lakshadweep, Vineeta Hoon Sting ray drying, Bangaram, Lakshadweep, Vineeta Hoon Fish Sales, North Andaman, Manish Chandi Resource map from Tamil Nadu, Rajendra Prasad Male’ skyline, Vineeta Hoon Mangrove in the Andaman Islands, Gaya Sriskanthan Back cover photos clockwise from top: Coconut harvester, Lakshadwep, O.G Moosa Monitoring Fishers, Lakshadweep, Vineeta Hoon Reef Gleaning, Lakshadweep, Vineeta Hoon CORALI workshop, Sri Lanka Octopus fisher, Lakshadwep, O.G Moosa Women packing tuna pickles, Minicoy, Vineeta Hoon Recurrent box drawing - Representation of a fishing boat used in South Asia – Manish Chandi 2 SocMon South Asia TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................................4 SECTION 1: WHAT IS THIS ALL ABOUT? .......................................................................................................................5 1.1 Why SOCMON? ......................................................................................................................................5 1.2 What is SocMon? ....................................................................................................................................5 1.3 How does SocMon work? .........................................................................................................................6 1.4 Who is SocMon for? ................................................................................................................................7 1.5 What are SocMon’s limitations? ................................................................................................................7 SECTION 2: WHY SHOULD I DO THIS? ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Assessing social/community resilience vis a vis reef resilience. .................................................................. 11 2.2 Monitoring reef resource use activities and their impact on ecosystem goods and service ............................. 11 2.4 Determining the importance, value and cultural significance of resources and their uses ............................... 12 2.5 Assessing positive and negative impacts of management measures ........................................................... 12 2.6 Assessing how the management body is doing (management effectiveness) ................................................ 12 2.7 Building stakeholder participation and appropriate education and awareness programmes ............................ 12 2.8 Establishing baseline household and community profile ............................................................................. 12 SECTION 3: WHAT’S INVOLVED? ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Who should do the monitoring? ............................................................................................................... 13 3.2 WhAT Is the process for doing the monitoring? ......................................................................................... 13 3.3 What is needed to develop the monitoring Framework ............................................................................... 14 3.4 How do I collect the data? ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Who should be interviewed for the surveys? ............................................................................................. 17 3.6 How long should the monitoring take? ..................................................................................................... 17 3.7 How much will the monitoring cost? ......................................................................................................... 18 3.8 How often should the monitoring be done? ............................................................................................... 18 3.9 Where should the monitoring take place? ................................................................................................. 18 3.10 What is the audience for the results? ....................................................................................................... 18 SECTION 4: WHAT DATA DO I COLLECT? ................................................................................................................... 20 4.1 What are the variables? ......................................................................................................................... 20 4.2 Which variables do I use? ...................................................................................................................... 27 SECTION 5: WHAT DO I DO WITH THESE DATA? ........................................................................................................ 28 5.1 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Communication/Feedback ...................................................................................................................... 28 5.3 Adaptive management ........................................................................................................................... 30 APPENDIX A: THE VARIABLES ................................................................................................................................... 31 APPENDIX B: SECONDARY SOURCE/KEY INFORMANT AND FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW GUIDE................................. 81 APPENDIX C: SURVEY GUIDE ................................................................................................................................... 86 APPENDIX D: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW/SECONDARY SOURCES ANALYSIS SHEET .............................................. 90 APPENDIX E: SURVEY ANALYSIS SHEET .................................................................................................................. 96 SocMon South Asia 3 PREFACE uring the period of 1998-2002, the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) South Asia, sponsored socioeconomic assessments and monitoring training for sites with significant coral reef habitats in the region and followed this up with Dcommunity based socioeconomic monitoring demonstration projects at five sites where some biophysical surveys had been carried out: three in India (Andaman Islands, Lakshadweep Islands and the Gulf of Mannar) and one each in Sri Lanka and Maldives. Each team received practical training in using the GCRMN Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management (GCRMN Manual) and to establish a monitoring programme at their field sites. A drawback of the manual was that while it dealt with methods for socioeconomic assessments,
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