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Abulia, 166, 197, 224, 236, 260 Caudate Infarcts, 401 Thalamic Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01886-0 - Stroke Syndromes: Third Edition Edited by Louis R. Caplan and Jan van Gijn Index More information Index abulia, 166, 197, 224, 236, 260 subcortical strokes, 224 anterior cerebral artery, 7, 8, 334, anatomy, 375, 376, 377 caudate infarcts, 401 agnosia, 6, 89, 235, 267 335 distribution of AChA thalamic strokes, 390 auditory. See auditory agnosia A1 segment, 364, 365 branches, 378 achromatopsia, 89, 272 tactile, 276 A2 segment, 365 anterior communicating action myoclonus, 486 evaluation, 270 ACA territory infarcts, 367, artery, 334 acute hemiconcern, 353 typical lesion sites, 268 368 anterior communicating artery acute monocular blindness, 105 visual. See visual agnosia alien hand sign, 372 aneurysms, 217 branch retinal artery visuospatial. See visual spatial amnesia, 370 anterior inferior cerebellar artery, occlusion, 108 disorders callosal disconnection 27, 332, 452, 453, 469, 470 retinal emboli, 108, 109 agraphia, 190, 279, 371 syndrome, 371 infarction, 473, 476, 582, 583. treatment, 109, 110 left hand, 282 diagonistic dyspraxia, 372 See also posterior circulation central retinal artery subcortical, 222 language disorders, 370 infarcts occlusion, 105, 106 akathisia, 149 motor deficits, 369 audiovestibular amaurotic pupil, 106 akinetic mutism, 166, 370 motor perseveration, 372 dysfunctions, 473 antiphospholipid akinetopsia, 91, 274 motor weakness, 369, 370 classical syndrome, 473 antibodies, 107 alexia, 86, 273 pathological grasp coma with tetraplegia, 473 cardiovascular signs, 107 hemialexia, 280, 281 phenomenon, 371, 372 isolated ataxia, 473 cherry-red macula spot, 106 alexia with agraphia, 87, 357, 411 psychomotor disorders, 370 isolated vertigo, 473 intraocular pressure, 106 alexia without agraphia, 86, 189, sensory deficits, 370 prognosis, 473 retinal emboli, 106 410, 411, 586 speech abnormalities, 370 anterior internal frontal artery, ischemic optic alien hand sign, 281, 372 sphincter dysfunction, 370 366 neuropathy, 110 alien hand syndrome, 150, 208, AChA territory infarcts, 375 anterior lenticulostriate arteries, afferent pupil, 111 237 anatomy, 364 399 arteritic, 111 callosal AH syndrome, 282 anterior communicating anterior opercular syndrome, 351 decompression of the optic frontal AH syndrome, 282 artery, 365 anticholinesterase inhibitors, 191 nerve, 112 sensory or posterior AH basal arteries and perforating anticoagulant agents, 519, 537, high-dose steroid treatment, syndrome, 283 branches, 364 563 112 Alzheimer’s disease, 226, 251, cortical branches, 365, 366, cerebral venous thrombosis, ischemic papillitis, 111 436 367 548 non-arteritic, 110, 111 amaurosis fugax, 98, 555 delirium and ACA territory antidepressants, 191, 257, 259 visual acuity, 111 amaurotic pupil, 106 infarcts, 201 antiepileptic agents, 161, 162, 548 ophthalmic artery occlusion, amnesia. See also memory loss recurrent artery of Heubner, antiphospholipid antibodies, 107 amnestic syndromes, 234 365 102, 107 differential diagnosis, 108 visual amnesia, 89, 214 variations, 367 headaches, 58 treatment, 107, 108 amusia, 141, 276, 355 anterior choroidal artery, 333, neuromuscular changes, 289 optical coherence tomography, amygdala, 297 335 Anton’s syndrome, 79 107 aneurysms, 53, 217, 288, 556, 570 AChA territory infarcts, 375 anxiety, 258 ADDTC criteria anger, 258, 261 clinical signs, 378 prevalence, 258 dementia, 247, 248, 249 angiography, 556, 604 etiology, 381, 382 relationship to stroke, 260 adiadochokinesis, 8 CT angiography, 562, 569, 570 eye movement risk factors, 258 adrenergic efferents, 296 digital subtraction abnormalities, 381 stress response, 260 afferent pupil defect, 106, 111 angiography, 547, 563 frequency, 378, 380, 381, 382 treatment, 260 afferential paralysis, 8 angiopathies, 429 lacunar syndromes, 379, 380 aortic aneurysm, 288 aggressive bursts, 261 cerebral amyloid motor abnormalities, 378 aortic disease, 601 agitation, 78, 149, 197, 199, 202, angiopathy, 517 neuropsychological aortic dissection, 288 354. See also delirium angular arteries, 356, 357 abnormalities, 381 apathy, 224, 260 caudate infarcts, 401 anisocoria, 101 prognosis, 382 thalamic strokes, 390 posterior cerebral artery anomia, 189, 587 risk factors, 381, 382 aphasia, 208, 263, 351 territory infarcts, 415 anosdiaphoria, 6 sensory abnormalities, 378 agraphia, 190 right hemisphere syndromes, anosmia, 537 size of infarction, 375, 382 alexia, 189 236 anosognosia, 6, 262 visual field deficits, 379 anomia, 189 608 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01886-0 - Stroke Syndromes: Third Edition Edited by Louis R. Caplan and Jan van Gijn Index More information Index anterior cerebral artery typical lesion sites, 268 posterior circulation. baroreceptors, 295, 296 territory infarcts, 370 apraxia of gaze, 91, 274, 415 See posterior circulation basal forebrain damage, 209 brain regions involved, 184 apraxic agraphia, 279 infarcts basal ganglia, 397 neuroimaging aprosodia, 231 athetosis, 144, 145 blood supply, 509 techniques, 184 lateralization and atrial pressure/volume receptors, neuroanatomy, 509 Broca’s aphasia, 184, 185, 186, dominance, 231 295 basal ganglionic hemorrhages, 207, 229, 349 left brain damage, 231, 232 atrophy, 290 509 caudate infarcts, 401 motor, 231 auditory agnosia, 141, 275 classification, 509 compensation, 190 orbitofrontal lesions, 231 amusia, 141, 276 lateral type, 511 comprehension, 185 right brain damage, 230, 232 evaluation, 270 massive type, 512 conduction aphasia, 187, 352 sensory, 231 non-verbal, 275 middle type, 510 cortical dysfunction in subcortical lesions, 231 verbal, 145, 276 posterolateral type, 510, 511 subcortical aphasia, 222 arachnoid granulations, 546 auditory anomia, 281 posteromedial type, 510 diagnostic batteries, 185 auditory disorders, 131, 582. arteria termatica of Wilder, 367 neuroimaging and clinical fluency, 185 See also vestibular syndromes arterial dissections, 476 characteristics, 513 global aphasia, 187, 349 acute hearing loss cervical arteries. See cervical prognosis, 512 hemicraniectomy and, 423 audiovestibular findings, artery dissections treatment, 512 language processing, 185 138 blood pressure regulation, naming, 185 headaches, 56, 57 frequency and outcome, 137 internal carotid artery. 512 neurorehabilitation, 190 infarction of anterior blood sugar level control, optic aphasia, 189, 271 See internal carotid artery inferior cerebellar artery dissection 512 pharmacotherapy, 190 territory, 134, 136 intracranial pressure anticholinesterase intracranial. See intracranial infarction of posterior arterial dissections monitoring, 512 inhibitors, 191 inferior cerebellar artery medical management, 512 antidepressants, 191 arterial territories territory, 136 brain mapping, 329 surgical removal of dopaminergic agents, 191 labyrinthine ischemia, 134 hematoma, 514 GABA-ergic agents, 191 brainstem, 329, 335, 338 sensitivity to ischemia, 134 cerebellum, 332, 333, 339 basilar artery, 123 stimulants, 191 classification, 133 atherothrombosis, 449 posterior cerebral artery cerebral hemispheres. hyperacusis, 138 See cerebral arteries embolic occlusion, 449, 579, territory infarcts, 411 infarction of anterior inferior 580 recovery and treatment, 190 medulla, 330, 332 cerebellar artery territory, basilar artery migraine, 61 repetitive transcranial midbrain, 332 473 Beck Depression Index, 255 magnetic stimulation, 191 pons, 332 frequency of audiovestibular behavioral changes. selective impairments, 185 anterolateral, 332 abnormalities, 137 See also mood disturbances simultaneous multiple infarcts anteromedial, 332 patterns of audiovestibular agraphia. See agraphia in one hemisphere, 431 posterior, 332 loss, 137 apathy, 224 striatocapsular, 221 perceptive auditory arteriovenous malformations, aphasia. See aphasia subcortical aphasias, 188, 189 518 disturbance thalamic, 188, 221, 222 brainstem stroke, 138 avoidance/withdrawal/ ascending reticular activating repellant behavior, 150 transcortical aphasias, 188 system, 178 central auditory speech caudate infarcts, 400, 401 transcranial direct current asemantic agnosia, 90, 271 tests, 138 stimulation, 192 cerebral hemispheric cerebellar involvement, 32. asimultagnosia, 415 See also cerebellar cognitive vascular syndromes, 186 asomatognosia, 6 strokes, 141 Wernicke’s aphasia, 184, 185, psychoacoustic tests, 141 affective syndrome aspiration, 313, 316, 317 implications for diagnosis 186, 201, 229, 236, 352, 354 aspirin, 563 auditory system apneusis, 321 central auditory system, 131, and management, 46, 47 associative agnosia, 89, 90, 235, mood disturbances, 44 apperceptive agnosia, 89, 90, 235, 271, 587 132 269 compulsive behaviors, 149 astereognosia, 276 peripheral auditory system, apraxia, 267, 276 131 delirium, 197 astereopsis, 91 axial, 279 autonomic dysfunction, 457, 463 frontal lobe syndromes. asterixis, 148, 149 buccolinguofacial, 349 autonomic nervous system. See frontal lobe syndromes constructional apraxia, 86, asymbolia for pain, 8, 16, 352 See neurocardiology, motor impersistence, 236 236, 237, 279, 354 asynergy, 8 cardiovascular autonomic neglect. See neglect right unilateral, 282 ataxia, 3, 580 changes poststroke dementia, 248 diagonistic apraxia, 150, 282 cerebellar. See cerebellar ataxia autonomous breathing, 321 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 536 dressing, 279 crossed visuomotor ataxia, 371 autopsy studies, 444 subcortical apraxia, 223 frontal, 279 lateral medullary infarction, axial apraxia, 279 Behcet’s disease, 288 gait, 279 575 Bell phenomenon, 69 gestures to test apraxia,
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