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Meta[Ilmsua JURNAL PENELITIAN BAHASA \ Volume.13, Nomor2, Desember2015 rssN 16gg-695x Meta[ilmsua JURNAL PENELITIAN BAHASA \- Terakreditasi Nomor: 67 4l AUzl P2M l-Ll P y07 l2O1 5 Masa Berlaku:Agustus 2015 s.d. Agustus 2018 Volume Nomor Halaman Bandung, ISSN Metalingua 13 2 125 s.d.276 Desember 2015 1 693-685X BALAI BAHASA PROVINSIJAWA BARAT Volume 13, Nomor 2, Desember 2015 lssN 1693-685X MeteflilmG] ua JURNAL PENELITIAN BAHASA \- DAFTAR ISI KATAPENGANTAR UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH UNTUK MITRA BESTARI DAITARISI KUMPULANABSTRACT KUMPULANABSTRAK PERAN SEMANTIS VERBA BAHASA NAFRI (SEMANTIC ROLE OF THE NAFRI LANGUAGE VERBS) AntoniusMaturbongs 125-r40 REFERENSI DAN FUNGSI MAKIAN DALAM BAHASA KAILI (REFERENCE AND FUNCTION OF CURSING IN KAILI LANGUAGD Deni Karsana .......... 141-150 PERAN MEDIA DALAM PEMASYARAKATAN ISTILAH BAHASA INDONESIA (THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SOCIALIZING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE TERMTNOLOGY) DindinSamsudin 151-159 PRINSIP KESOPANAN DALAM WAWANCARA LANGSUNG KOMPAS TV PADA PROGRAM ''KOMPAS PETANG'' DENGAN GUBERNUR DKI JAKARTA (THE'POLITENESS PRINCIPLES IN LIVE INTERVIEW OF KOMPAS TV'S PROGRAM "KOMPAS PETANG" WITH THE GOVERNOR OF DKI JAKARTA) Iffariati r6t-t7t ADAPTASI LINGUISTIK PADA BEBERAPA BAHASA DI PEGUNUNGAN AREAK, MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT (LINGUISTIC ADAPTATION IN SEVERAL LANGUAGES IN ARFAK MOUNTAINS, MANOKWARI, WEST PAPUA) Mukhamdanah 173-184 INFLEKSI VERBA PRESEN-INDIKATIF-PARASMASAIPADAM AKAR KATA KERJA KELAS T BAHASA SANSKERTA: KAJIAN GENERATIF TRANSPORMASI (T H E I N F LE CTI O NAL O F P RE S - EN V E RB I N D I CAT IV E - PARASM AI PA DAM THE ROOT OF FIRST CLASS oF VERB SANSKRIT: TRANF)RMATILN GENERATIVE STUDY) Ni Made Suryati KEHIPONIMAN VERBA YANG MENYATAKAN MAKNA 'MEMBAWA' DALAM BAHASA MELAYU BETAWI (VERB HYPONYMY CONTAINING THE MEANING OF'TO TAKE'IN BETAWI MALAY LANGUAGE) RirienEkoyanantiasih SIKAP BAHASA MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN NTT: PENELITIAN SIKAP BAHASA PADA DESA SILAV/AN, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (TH E P EO P LE'S IAN GUAGE ATTITU DE I N N U SA TENGGAM TI M U R-TIM O R LESTE BORDER AREA: A RESEARCH oN THE LANGUAGE ATTITUDE IN SII-AWAN VILIAGE, THE PROVINCE OF NUSA TENGGAM TIMUR) DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA PEKAL DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA (DEIXIS OF BAHASA PEKAL IN NORTH BENGKULU REGENCN Syamsurizal SUFIKS -/S DAN -1T SERTA PROBLEMATIKANYA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA (SUFFIX _IS AND _IK AND ITS PROBLEMATICS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGD UmiKulsum KATA PENYUKAT DALAM BAHASA KERABAT LASALIMU DAN KAMARU (MEASUREMENT WORDS IN RELATED LANGUAGE LASALIMU AND KAMARU) YohanisSanjoko RESENSI RatuFatimatujahro INDEKS PETUNJUK PENULISAN VERBA PRESEN.INDIKATIF.PARASMASAIPADAM AKAR KERJA KELAS I BAHASA SANSKERTA: KAJIAN GENERATIF TRANSFORMASI reLECTIONAL OF PRESEN VERB-INDICATIVE.PARASMAIPADAM THE WOT OF FtlRST CTASS OF VERB SANSKBTT: TRANFORMATTON GENERATIVE STUDN Ni Made Suryati Program Studi Sastra Bali, Fakultas Sastra dan Budaya Universitas Udayana Jalan Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali 80361 Telepon: (0361) 701945 Pos-el : [email protected] Tanggal naskah masuk: 12 April 2013 Tanggal revisi terakhir: 30 November 2015 Abstract SarvsrRrr language has a very important function for maintaining Hindu religion and Balinese literature. This article aims to find out 1) verbs inventory, 2) the inJlectional sffix of present verb-indicative-parasmaipadam the root of first class verb, and 3) to formulate the patterns, using tansformational generative theory. The data were taken from dictionaries, books, and Veda. They were collected using observation method and note taking and translation techniques. The data were identified, analyzed using distributional method, continued with patterns and short explanation, and finally explained via tree diagram. The result shows t) there are four verbs inventory, namely person, numbe\ time, and modus; 2) there are nine inflectional suffix of verb present-indicative-parasmaipadam, namely{-mi},{-vah},{-mah},{-si},{-thah},{+haJ,{1i},{-tah},dan{-nti); and 3) there are nine inflectional patterns of verb, namely (l) [x]vl ) [x +/- guna a-milvpers.I sing., (2) [x]vl ) [x +/'guna a-vah]vpers.I dual., (3) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna a-mah]vpers.I plur, (4) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna a-si]vpers.Il sing. (5) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna a-thah]vpers.Il dual., (6) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna alha]vpers.Il plur, (7) txlvl ) [x +/-guna a-ti]vpers.Ill sing., (8) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna a' ahlvpers.Iil dual., (9) [x]vl ) [x +/-guna a-nti]vpers.Ill plur Key words: inflectional, verbs, parasmaipadam, and transpormation Abstrak B*usn Sanskerta masih digunakan dalam karya sastra dan pada kehidupan beragama, khususnya pada masyarakat Bali. Oleh karena itu, bahasa Sanskerta masih layak untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui 1) khazanah verba; 2) sufiks infleksi verba presen-indikatif-parasmaipadam urat kata kerja kelas I; 3) merumuskan kaidah- kaidahnya. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori generatif transformasi. Sumber data untuk kepentingan tulisan ini adalah kamus, buku-buku tentang bahasa Sanskerta, dan Weda. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah metode observasi 785 Metalingua, Vol. 13 No. 2, Desember 2015:1g5_194 data pustaka dengan disertai teknik pencatatan dan penerjemahan. Analisis data dalam tulisan ini dimulai dari identifikasi data. Setelah selesai diidentifikasi, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode agih, selanjutnya data dikaidahkan yang disertai dengan penjelasan seperlunya, dan terakhir hasilnyE dituangkan dalam diagram pohon. Analisis data disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal serta dibantu dengan pola pikir induktif dan deduktif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa l) khazanah verba datam bahasa ini ada empat, yaitu persona, numbe4 kala, dan modus. Namun, karena proses pembentukan infleksi berpengaruh pada wujud, ada hal yang dimasukkan khazanah verba, yaitu bentuk kata kerja, akar kata kerja, dan pengubahan bunyi; 2) sufiks infleksi verba presen-indikatif-parasmaipadam ada sembilan, yaitu { -mi}, { -vah}, { -mah}, { -si], -thah}, { { -tha}, { -ti}, { -ah}, dan { -nti};serra 3) kaidah infleksi verba juga ada sembilan, yaitu (1) [x]vr ) lx +l-guna a-mifvpers.t sins., (2) [x]vr ) 1x +l-gina a- vahlvpers.t duat., (3) [x]vr ) fx +l-guna a-mahfup",".t ptur (4) [x]vr ) fx +/-guna a- sllvpers.Il s;rs. (5) [x]vr ) lx +l-guna a-thah)vpers.tr duat., (6) txlvr ) [x il-luna a- thafvpers.ttptur., (7) [x]vr ) lx +l-guna a-lilvpers.rrrs;rg., (g) [x]vr ) fx +l-guna a- ahfvpers.tU duat., (9) 1x]vr ) fx +l-guna a-nti]vperc.ilt ptur. Kata kunci: infleksi, verba, parasmAipadam, dan generatif 1. Pendahuluan bahasa Eropa untuk pemahaman yang lebih jelas dan mendalam yunanl 1.1 Latar Belakang tentang bahasa Latin dan Dalam perjalanannya ke Indonesia Berdasarkan penelitian ahli purbakala dan khususnya ke Bali, BS sangat berpengarulr, ahli bahasadunia, dikatakan bahwa pada sekitar sejalan dengan masuknya agama Hindu sekitar tahun 3.000 sebelum Masehi di sekitar Sungai tahun 400 sebelum Masehi (Soetandi, 2001:5* Danao, kira-kira di utara pegunungan Kaukasus, 7). Di Bali BS berperan sangat penting untuk tinggal nenek moyang suatu bangsa yang disebut kelanjutan agamaHindu karena sumber ajaran bangsa Arya. Bahasa yang digunakan adalah agama Hindu menggunakan BS. Sampai sekarang bahasa Sanskerta (selanjutnya disingkat BS). banyak kosakata BS yang digunakan untuk nama Entah apa yang menyebabkan mereka orang, namagedung, dan lain-lain. meninggalkan tempatnya menuju Semenanjung Sehubungan dengan masih digunakannyaBs Balkan. Selanjutnya, mereka menyebar ke barat di dalam Weda dan karya sastra di beberapa dan ke timur. Yang ke barat menurunkan bahasa perguruan tinggi yang bergerak di bidang agama Yunani, Romawi, Jerman, Slavia, dan sebagainya; dan sastra daerah, BS masuk dalam kurikulum sedangkan yang ke timur dalam perjalanannya (Asfra, l9l g).Bahkan, Universitas Indonesia dan sampai di India (Soetandi, 2001:1). Universitas Gaj ah Mada juga masih mengaj arkan Di India BS tumbuh dengan pesat. pada BS. Dengan demikian, BS dapat dikatakan abad [V di India lahir seorang ahli bahasa dunia memiliki fungsi yang penting bagi kelangsungan yang teftenal, yaitu Panini. Beliaulah yang pefiama umat agamaHindu dan sastra, khususnyadiBall berhasil menyusun hukum-hukum tentang BS, Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, ada upaya- yang dapat membedak an antaraakar kata dan upaya untuk menulis tata bahasa Sanskerta kata, bagaimana cara membentuk pangkal kata, dengan bahasa Indonesia. Tulisan yang ditemukan dan sebagainya. Panini dapat dikatakan sebagai adalah Pengantar BS jilid 1 karangan I Gde ahli tata bahasa Sanskerta (Soetandi ,2001:4). Semadi Astra (1978); Pengantar Bahasa BS memiliki susunan yang lebih rapi danjelas Sanskerta Jilid ll,karangan I Gde Semadi Asfta serta lebih mudah dipisah-pisahkan. Oleh karena (1979); Pelajaran Bahasa Sanskerta, Tahap itu, pada abad XD( BS selalu dipelajari oleh ahli Pertama (Prof. Dr. Tjok. Rai Sudharta, MA, 786 Nr Mloe Sunvarr: Irurlexsr Venee PnesrN- ... l B 1998); Pelajaran Bahasa Sanskerta (Drs. I parasmaipadam? (3) bagaimanakah kaidah 1, i", Made Surada, M.A., 2006) dan sebuas kamus, infleksiverbaBS? : yaittl Kamus Kecil Sanskerta-Indonesia ( S emadi As 1f:a, 19821 1983). 1.3 Tujuan Dari tulisan-tulisan tersebut dan berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap tulisan tentang BS yang Berdasarkan permasalahan yang sudah ditemukan, tulisan tcntang BS yang sudah ada dipaparkan, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk hanya berupa tata bahasa dan kamus, sedangkan mengetahui (1) khazanah infleksi verba BS, (2) khusus untuk pengaidahan secara morfologi afiks-aflfts yang membentuk infleksi verba prcsen- generatif, khususnya infleksi, belum
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