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E S P C R B U L L E T I N N° 54 April 2006 PUBLISHED BY THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH EDITOR: G. GHANEM (Brussels) INTERNATIONAL F. BEERMANN (Lausanne), J. BOROVANSKY (Prague), M. d’ISCHIA (Naples), JC GARCIA-BORRON (Murcia), , A. NAPOLITANO (Naples), M. PICARDO (Rome), N. SMIT (Leiden). EDITORIAL BOARD: R. MORANDINI (Brussels) Ed Ph In La stitu bor one ito 7. 3. 5. 2. 4. 8. 1. Review oftheliterature communications, ... Discussion, Letterstotheeditor,Reviews,Short CONTENTS Announcements andrelatedactivities 9. Melanomaexperime 6. ria at : t J.Bo 32 ory of Genetics, molecularand Neur Photobiology MSH, MCH,ot Melanosomes Tyrosinase, TRPs,otherenzymes l (DrA.Napolitano) Biology ofpigmentcells Chemistr Office (Dr M.Picardo) (Dr F.Beermann) (Prof JC.Garcia-Borron) - 2 - rdet, Ru 5 Onc 41 omel : .3 G. G o 2. l o 9 e Hég gy a 6 h y ofM a ani F n e n a e m d x: r-Bo Experi (Ed n (DrN.S 3 (Pro s 2 rd (ProfM.d'Ischia) - her hor ito 2 e et 1,B–10 - 5 r) me l a 41 , f J.Bo nt ni C. Meunier .3 al ntal 3. ns andot S 4 m mones u 9 rg 00 developmentalbiology , cellcult it) ery ro and pigmentarydisorders Bru , R. M ( van E-M L s sels, . O (DrR.Morandini) BULLETI R P S E her o .C a r sky i a . Belg l E : ndini g .) pi g ur , h ) ium. Uni a ( e gments n P e versi m ro @ duc u t é l t b Li i on Te . N° 54-April2006 a bre de c. be N a m B ) , r uxe l l e s, LETTER TO THE EDITOR DISCUSSION, REVIEW, SHORT COMMUNICATION, ... MEETING REPORT 19th IPCC - Sep 18-22, 2005 Reston, Virginia Plenary Symposium 1 – Advancing the Frontiers Plenary Symposium 2 – Hot Topics Symposium Plenary Symposium 3 – Developmental Biology 1, Melanoblast/RPE - Specification, Development, Survival and Apoptosis (Waardenburg syndrome, Tietz syndrome) Plenary Symposium 4 – Evolution and Development of the Pigmentary System Plenary Symposium 5 – "Developmental Biology 2" Concurrent Session 1 – Genetics of Pigmentation Concurrent Session 2 – Biochemistry of Melanogenesis Concurrent Session 3 – Intracellular Signaling Concurrent Session 4 – Innovative Technology Concurrent Session 5 – Melanosome Structure and Function Workshop – Genetics and Developmental Biology Sunrise Session 2 – Differentiated Functions of Melanocytes Plenary Symposium 6 – Differentiated Functions 1; Differentiated Functions of Melanocytes / Melanophores (Oculocutaneous albinism). Plenary Session 8 - Regulation of Pigmentation - Regulation of Melanocyte/Melanophore Function (constitutive pigmentation/environmental responses) Concurrent Session 6 – Comparative Biology Concurrent Session 7 – Chemistry and Physics of Melanins Concurrent Session 8 – Photobiology Sunrise Session 3 – Pigmentary Disorders #2 Plenary Symposium 10 – Pigmentary Disorders #2, Disorders of Hyperpigmentation (Congenital and Acquired Hypermelanoses Concurrent Symposium 10 – Photobiology, Photoprotection/Photocarcinogenesis) Concurrent Symposium 11 – Extracutaneous Pigment, Neuromelanin (Oculocutaneous albinism, Parkinson’s disease) Concurrent Session 12 – Developmental biology Sunrise Session 4 – Malignant Transformation Plenary Symposium 11 – Melanoma 1, Senescence, Immortalization and Progression (Nevi, Melanoma) Plenary Symposium 12 – The Malignant Phenotype Plenary Symposium 13 – Melanoma 2 Genetics, Susceptibility, Epidemiology, Etiology and Therapy (Melanoma) Concurrent Session 13 – Melanoma Basic Research Concurrent Session 14 – Hypo- and Hyper Pigmentation Concurrent Session 15 – Immunology Concurrent Session 16 – Extracuetneous Pigmentation Report on the 19th IPCC Satellite Symposium on Vitiligo 1463 Sunday, September 18, 2005 Plenary Symposium 1 - “Advancing the Frontiers” by John Pawelek Keynote Lecture 1: “Genomics and Disorders of Human Pigmentation”, Dr. FS Collins, National Human Genome Research Institute Dr. Francis Collins summarized some of the major achievements of the Human Genome Project with the completion of its original goals in 2003. Some 30 mammalian genomes have now been sequenced. One of the most striking findings is the well-known remarkable similarity (98.9%) of the DNA sequences between humans and chimpanzees. There are now many services and gene libraries available to scientists. Currently in the public repository are more than 22, 000 human loci and 23, 000 mouse loci. The Knock-Out Mouse Project has the goal of establishing knock-outs for all mouse genes. The ENCODE project is an encyclopedia of human DNA elements. The Molecular Libraries Roadmap has screening centers that can screen 100,000 small molecules for activity in enzymatic assays of your design. These molecules can be accessed in the new PubChem database. The Human Cancer Genome Project will sequence the genomes of 250 representative tumors from each of 50 tissue types. The International HapMap Project (www.hapmap.org) is designed to better characterize the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) in the human genome. Keynote Lecture 2: Telomeres, Telomerase, Senescence and Cancer”, Dr. EH Blackburn, University of California, San Francisco Dr. Blackburn summarized the role of telomerase in maintaining telomere length and lifespan extension in human cancer cells. One surprising finding was that net telomere lengthening and lifespan extension can be uncoupled, supporting the conclusion that telomerase plays roles in addition to the net lengthening of telomeric DNA. This came from an unexpected finding that a hairpin siRNA targeting human telomerase RNA rapidly inhibited growth of cancer cells without bulk telomere shortening and induced a novel gene expression that included suppression of genes implicated in angiogenesis and metastasis. The findings uncovered functions of telomerase in tumor growth and progression in addition to telomere maintenance. Keynote Lecture 3: “Frontiers in fluorescent Protein Imaging of Living Cells”, Dr. J. Lippincott- Schwartz, National Institute of child Health and Human Development. Dr. Lippincott-Schwartz detailed the use of fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) as molecular tags for following complex biological processes in living cells. Modified GFP’s have been used as markers to track and quantify individual or multiple protein species, as probes to monitor protein-protein interactions, and as photochemically-modulatable proteins to highlight and follow the fate of specific protein populations within the cell. She focused on methods of kinetic microscopy involving photobleaching and photoactivation that are being used to monitor the appearance, location, movement, and degradation of GFP fusion proteins. Plenary Symposium 2 – “Hot Topics Symposium” by Shosuke Ito, Stan Pavel, and Vincent J. Hearing Plenary Symposium 2 was co-chaired by the Organizers of the current and the two previous IPCCs: Shosuke Ito, Stan Pavel, and Vincent J. Hearing. The tradition of holding the “Hot Topics Symposium” was introduced during the 17th IPCC held in Nagoya six years ago. The idea was to put together the best abstracts submitted with highly innovative contents that would be selected from all abstracts accepted for oral presentation in the various Symposia. It was an enjoyable yet (tough) 1464 uneasy job to anonymously choose the 5 best abstracts from the 15 already selected as #1 for each of the 15 symposia. Stan, Vince, and I were pleased to select the following 5 abstracts that will certainly advance further our knowledge on pigmentation and pigment cells. We take special delight in noting that the 5 abstracts chosen were from 5 widely divergent areas and that there was an excellent distribution of speakers internationally which shows the high quality of science being performed around the world. The first presentation was given by Dr. Victor A. Canfield (Hershey, USA) who talked about the identification and characterization of zebrafish golden gene. This newly identified gene encodes a potassium-dependent sodium, calcium exchanger. Surprisingly, the human orthologue is involved in the regulation of constitutive pigmentation. It was shown that 30% variation in human pigmentation may be attributable to one of the alleles of the golden gene. In the next presentation, Dr. Emi Nishimura (Hokkaido, Japan) discussed the mechanisms of hair graying which is everybody’s concern. She was able to demonstrate that hair graying is caused by defective self-maintenance of melanocyte stem/progenitor cells. In Bcl-deficient mice, hair turns gray with aging because melanocyte stem cells selectively die by apoptosis in the stem cell niche in dormant state. These processes are controlled by the melanocyte master transcription regulator Mitf. In the following talk, Dr. Mitsunori Fukuda (Wako, Japan) discussed the roles of Slp- and Slac2- family proteins in melanosome distribution and maintenance of elongated shape of melanocytes. Among others, knockdown of endogenous Slp-2a, the most abundant of the Slp family, by siRNA caused a dramatically reduced number of melanosomes in the cell periphery of melanocytes (“peripheral dilution”) and a morphological change to a round shape. These processes mimicked those seen in Griscelli syndrome. A happening took place at the beginning of the next talk by Dr. Guillaume Robert (Nice, France). A fire alarm went off, and everybody was forced to rush out of the building. After having watched fire engines arriving and firemen working, there was nothing to worry about. We returned to the room and resumed the symposium with a full audience. Dr. Robert discussed the roles of SPARC, Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine. SPARC expression is inversely correlated to E-cadherin
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