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INSECTS 1 Insects: Native 10 Defoliators 10 Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth

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United States Department Forest Pest Conditions of Agriculture In Nevada 2011 Forest Service State and Private Forestry Forest Health Protection Intermountain Region R4-OFO-TR-05-00 State of Nevada Division of Forestry Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Forest Health Specialists Forest Health Protection Nevada Division of USDA Forest Service Forestry Ogden Field Office Department of Conservation Forest Health Protection and Natural Resources 4746 S 1900 E State Headquarters Ogden, UT 84403 2478 Fairview Dr. Phone: 801-476-9720 Carson City, NV 89701 FAX: 801-479-1477 Gail Durham, Forest Health Specialist Steve Munson, Group Leader Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: 775-684-2513 Darren Blackford, Entomologist Email: [email protected] John Christopherson, Resource Danielle Reboletti, Entomologist Program Manager Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Valerie DeBlander, Forestry Technician Phone: 775-684-2507 Email: [email protected] John Guyon II, Pathologist Email: [email protected] Elizabeth Hebertson, Entomologist/Pathologist Email: [email protected] Laura Dunning, Program Assistant Email: [email protected] 2 Compiled by: Gail Durham, Forest Health Specialist, NDF DCNR Edited by Danielle Reboletti, USFS, Entomologist With Contributions from: Dick Halsey, USFS FHP GIS Specialist John Guyon II, USFS FHP Pathologist Jeff Knight, Nevada State Entomologist Dr. Shouhua Wang, Nevada State Pathologist February 2012 ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1 STATUS OF INSECTS 1 Insects: Native 10 Defoliators 10 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Pinyon Sawfly ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Pinyon Needle Scale ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Pinyon Axil Scale ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 Forest Tent Caterpillar .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Bark Beetles 21 Fir Engraver Beetle ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Jeffrey Pine Beetle ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 Mountain Pine Beetle ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Mountain Pine Beetle – Limber/Whitebark/Bristlecone/Western White Pine ............................................................ 29 Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine ...................................................................................................................... 30 Mountain Pine Beetle/Western Pine Beetle in Ponderosa Pine ................................................................................... 31 Pinyon Engraver Beetle ................................................................................................................................................. 33 Pitch Mass Borer ........................................................................................................................................................... 37 TWIG INSECTS 38 Pinyon Tip Moth ............................................................................................................................................................ 38 Insects: Non-native 24 European Gypsy Moth .................................................................................................................................................. 24 Red palm weevil ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Banded Elm Bark Beetle .................................................................................................... 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Mediterranean Pine Engraver Beetle (MPE) and Red Haired Bark Beetle (RHBB) ....................................................... 25 Exotic Wood Borers including Scolytinae/Sirex Wood Wasp (Sirex noctillo), Asian Longhorn Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), and Emerald Ash Borer Beetle (Agrilus planipennis) ............................................................................. 25 European Pine Shoot Moth (EPSM) (Rhyaclonia buoliana) .......................................................................................... 25 Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana) .......................................................................................................... 26 STATUS OF DISEASES 27 Stem and Branch Diseases 27 Dwarf Mistletoes........................................................................................................................................................... 27 Pinyon Blister Rust ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 White Pine Blister Rust ................................................................................................................................................. 29 Sudden Oak Death ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 Root Diseases 30 Annosum Root Disease ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Armillaria Root Disease ................................................................................................................................................. 32 Black Stain Root Disease ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Leaf and Needle Diseases 33 Aspen Leaf Spot ............................................................................................................................................................ 33 iii DECLINES / COMPLEXES 34 Subalpine Fir Mortality Complex .................................................................................................................................. 34 Aspen Decline/Dieback ................................................................................................................................................. 35 Cytospora Canker .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 ABIOTIC DAMAGE 40 Drought Damage ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 Blowdown ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Wildfire Damage ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 NOXIOUS WEEDS 43 Toadflax Bio-control ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 iv INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY In an effort to simplify discussions of forest health conditions in Nevada, this report focuses on only insects, diseases, and weather factors that impacted various tree species in the State. Data collected through aerial detection surveys (ADS) conducted by the USDA Forest Service and Nevada Division of Forestry are primarily used to determine mortality trends in the State from year to year. Mortality trends are described in terms of acres affected; however, not all trees on these acres are dead. Thus, an estimate of the number of trees killed is also provided. Not all forested lands are surveyed, and not all of the same acres are surveyed every year. Sometimes, tree mortality may be counted in the same area in consecutive years. This can lead to inflated estimates of actual tree mortality. Total acres tallied may also change between years due to increases or decreases in the total number of acres surveyed. Consequently, interpretation of ADS data should consider these sources of inconsistency Most of the area flown in 2011 was comprised of National Forest System (FS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands in eastern and central Nevada. The ADS data encompasses most of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest including portions of the Bridgeport and Carson Ranger Districts located in California. A smaller percentage of acreage was surveyed to obtain data for Great Basin National Park, other federal lands, State lands, and private lands (Table 1). Table1. Total number of acres surveyed in each of the ownership categories for the years 2004 to 2011. Land Ownership/Year 2004
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