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A Guid Cause... the Women's Suffrage Movement In A GUID CAUSE... THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN SCOTLAND Project 3 / Learning Activity 1 / Activity 1 Skills for paper 2 SKILLS FOR PAPER 2: THE ST. ANDREWS HALL INCIDENT, GLASGOW 1914 Developing skills for paper 2 Here are a number of questions about the St Andrews Hall incident which took place in Glasgow on 9 March 1914. Thinking about and answering these questions will give you a chance to develop your evaluation and investigation skills and your knowledge and understanding of the suffrage movement. This will help to prepare you for the real thing (on other topics) in paper 2. Historical context First of all, here’s a bit of historical context. Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst – leader of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) – was due to address a public meeting at St Andrews Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914. This was part of a Scottish tour, with visits also scheduled to take place in Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Mrs Pankhurst had been released from prison under the terms of the ‘Cat and Mouse’ Act (see sources 36 & 37), and the police intended to re-arrest her to serve the remainder of her sentence. The initial reaction was mainly by women who had attended the meeting and were complaining about the actions of the police. Of nine letters published in the Glasgow Herald of 12 March 1914, seven complained about police action, and two supported the police. The debate about the incident and the actions of the police and the WSPU continued to rage, especially when it became clear that the WSPU were going to demand an enquiry into police action. Janie Allan was a leading Scottish suffragette who attended the St Andrews Hall meeting and campaigned tirelessly for an enquiry into the police action. She contacted local magistrates and local and national politicians. She wrote to women who attended the meeting and asked them to reply to a list of questions relating to the incident. Despite Janie Allan’s efforts, the authorities dismissed her demand for an enquiry. The Chief Constable of Glasgow’s report to the Glasgow Magistrates concluded that the police had no case to answer regarding accusations of ill-treatment (needs hyphen) of citizens by police officers. www.nls.uk 2 1 What does the St Andrews Hall incident tell us about the progress of the women’s suffrage movement before the First World War? Look at sources 50 and 51 and use recalled knowledge. 2 How representative is source 52 as evidence of public reaction against the treatment of suffragettes? In reaching a conclusion, you should refer to: the origin and possible purpose of the source the content of the source recalled knowledge 3 What do sources 53 and 54 tell us about the arguments that had developed for and against the suffrage movement by the time this incident took place? Use the sources and recalled knowledge. 4 How useful are sources 55, 56, 57 and 58 as evidence of the effectiveness – or otherwise – of the militant campaign? In reaching a conclusion you should refer to: the origin and possible purpose of the sources the content of the sources recalled knowledge www.nls.uk 3 Appendix www.nls.uk 4 SOURCE 36: ARTICLE ABOUT ‘CAT AND MOUSE’ ACT AOG, 8, 1913 P 659 www.nls.uk 5 SOURCE 36: ARTICLE ABOUT ‘CAT AND MOUSE’ ACT AOG, 8, 1913 P 659 In April 1913 the ‘Cat and Mouse Act’ was introduced. It allowed the release of seriously ill prisoners as a result of hunger-striking and their re-arrest once they had recovered. The implementation of the Act led to further militant action. ‘The suffragette’, 2 May 1913. [Shelfmark: Acc. 4546/6] www.nls.uk 6 SOURCE 50: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 10 MARCH 1914 ‘GENERAL HOME NEWS’ P 8 www.nls.uk 7 SOURCE 50: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 10 MARCH 1914 ‘GENERAL HOME NEWS’ P 8 This newspaper article first appeared in the Glasgow Herald on 10 March 1914. Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, leader of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was due to address a public meeting at St Andrew's Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914 as part of a Scottish tour. Mrs Pankhurst had recently been released from prison as part of the 'Cat and Mouse' Act, and the police intended to re-arrest her so that she could serve the rest of her sentence. The newspaper article, published the day after the event, describes what happened and the reaction of Mrs Pankhurst's supporters. www.nls.uk 8 SOURCE 51: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 10 MARCH 1914 (LAST TWO COLUMNS) P9 www.nls.uk 9 www.nls.uk 10 www.nls.uk 11 www.nls.uk 12 SOURCE 51: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 10 MARCH 1914 (LAST TWO COLUMNS) P9 This newspaper article first appeared in the Glasgow Herald on 10 March 1914. Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, leader of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was due to address a public meeting at St Andrew's Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914 as part of a Scottish tour. Mrs Pankhurst had recently been released from prison as part of the 'Cat and Mouse' Act, and the police intended to re-arrest her so that she could serve the rest of her sentence. The newspaper article, published the day after the event, describes what happened and the reaction of Mrs Pankhurst's supporters. www.nls.uk 13 SOURCE 52: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 12 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 5) P 5 www.nls.uk 14 SOURCE 52: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 12 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 5) P 5 This letter first appeared in the Glasgow Herald on 12 March 1914. Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, leader of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was due to address a public meeting at St Andrew's Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914 as part of a Scottish tour. Mrs Pankhurst had recently been released from prison as part of the 'Cat and Mouse' Act, and the police intended to re-arrest her so that she could serve the rest of her sentence. Many of the women who attended the meeting complained about the actions of the police. Of the nine letters which were published in the Glasgow Herald several days after the event took place, seven comment negatively on the harsh tactics used by the authorities to control Mrs Pankhurst's supporters. Only two of the letters support the actions of the police. www.nls.uk 15 SOURCE 53: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 12 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 4 AND 5) P 8 www.nls.uk 16 www.nls.uk 17 SOURCE 53: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 12 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 4 AND 5) P 8 Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, leader of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was due to address a public meeting at St Andrew's Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914 as part of a Scottish tour. Mrs Pankhurst had recently been released from prison as part of the 'Cat and Mouse' Act, and the police intended to re-arrest her so that she could serve the rest of her sentence. The Editor of the Glasgow Herald gave his view of the incident in the leader article which appeared on 12 March 1914. www.nls.uk 18 SOURCE 54: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 13 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 5) P 5 www.nls.uk 19 SOURCE 54: ARTICLE, GLASGOW HERALD, 13 MARCH 1914 (COLUMN 5) P 5 Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, leader of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was due to address a public meeting at St Andrew's Hall in Glasgow on 9 March 1914 as part of a Scottish tour. Mrs Pankhurst had recently been released from prison as part of the 'Cat and Mouse' Act, and the police intended to re-arrest her so that she could serve the rest of her sentence. Many of the women who attended the meeting complained about the behaviour of the police; witnesses said that they used unnecessary force to control the crowd. The debate about the incident, and particularly the actions of the police, continued to rage for several days after the event. This letter first appeared in the Edinburgh Evening Dispatch on 11 March 1914. www.nls.uk 20 SOURCE 55 FRONT COVER: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) www.nls.uk 21 SOURCE 55 PAGE 1: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) www.nls.uk 22 SOURCE 55 PAGE 2: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) www.nls.uk 23 SOURCE 55 PAGE 3: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) www.nls.uk 24 SOURCE 55 PAGE 4: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) www.nls.uk 25 SOURCE 55: LIST OF QUESTIONS, THE JANE ALLAN ARCHIVE (ACC 4498) PAGE 1: CONFIDENTIAL Name Grace A. Mackinnon Postal Address 9 Regent Park Square, Glasgow S. Designation Teacher Age 35 Are you connected with the suffrage Movement? Yes Were you present at the meeting? Yes Where you sitting? Specify particularly. In back row of platform, 4 or 5 seats along from left hand side facing hall What warning did you get that police were coming? I heard a cry from the passages on my right and almost immediately after the police burst in. When did the police appear? After Mrs Pankhurst had been speaking for two or three minutes. Where and in what numbers? From area door at right hand side of platform from where I was sitting and from both sides of platform. Did you notice if the police were on the platform and had struck the first blow before they approached the platform from the area, and had reached the barbed wire? I thought so.
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