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Sfera 162-Rev1.Pdf Sfera Politicii este prima revistă EDITORIAL BOARD de ştiinţă şi teorie politică apărută Călin Anastasiu în România, după căderea Consilier Principal al Preşedintelui Societăţii Române de comunismului. Revista apare fără Radiodifuziune, Bucureşti, România întrerupere din 1992. Daniel Chirot University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Sfera Politicii a jucat şi joacă un rol Dennis John Deletant important în difuzarea principalelor Professor, University College, London, United Kingdom teme de ştiinţă şi teorie politică Anneli Ute Gabanyi şi în constituirea şi dezvoltarea Cercetător asociat al Institutului German pentru Probleme Internaţionale şi de Securitate (Stiftung unei reflecţii politologice viabile Wissenschaft und Politik), Berlin, Germania în peisajul ştiinţific şi cultural din Dinu C. Giurescu România. membru al Academiei Române Gail Kligman Sfera Politicii pune la îndemâna Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA cercetătorilor, a oamenilor politici Steven Sampson şi a publicului, analize, comentarii Professor, Lund University, Lund, Sweden şi studii de specialitate, realizate Gisèle Sapiro pe baza paradigmelor teoretice şi Directrice de recherche au CNRS, Directrice du Centre metodologice ale ştiinţei şi teoriei européen de sociologie et de science politique (CESSP), Université Paris-Panthéon-Sorbonne/CNRS/EHESSa politice actuale. Michael Shafir Sfera Politicii îşi face o misiune Profesor, Facultatea de Studii Europene, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, România din contribuţia la consolidarea şi Lavinia Stan dezvoltarea societăţii democratice şi Professor, Department of Political Science, St. Francis de piaţă în România. Xavier University, Canada Vladimir Tismăneanu Professor, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland (College Park), USA Revistă editată de: G. M. Tamas Budapest, Hungary Katherine Verdery Professor, City University of New York Graduate Center, USA DIRECTOR Stelian Tănase Profesor, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice, Universitatea din Fundaţia Bucureşti Societatea Civilă REDACTOR ŞEF Alexandru Radu Profesor, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice, Universitatea INDEXĂRI INTERNAŢIONALE: Creştină „Dimitrie Cantemir”, Bucureşti • Central and Eastern European SECRETAR GENERAL DE REDACŢIE Online Library (CEEOL) Sabin Drăgulin • International Political Science Abstract / Association internationale REDACŢIE de science Nicolae Drăguşin politique (IPSA/AISP) Aurora Martin Ioana Paverman Camelia Runceanu Daniel Şandru Cecilia Tohăneanu TEHNOREDACTOR Clasificare CNCSIS: “B+” Liviu Stoica Apare lunar [email protected]; [email protected]; http://www.sferapoliticii.ro Sfera Politicii VOLUMUL XIX, NUMĂRUL 8 (162), august 2011 Editorial Alegerile RP și multipartidismul din România. O confirmare a teoriei duvergeriene ...3 Alexandru Radu Partide Impactul cartelizării sistemului de partide din România asupra consolidării sistemului democratic .......................................................................................................12 Silviu-Dan Mateescu Partidele româneşti, între politicianism şi politică ........................................................ 23 Bogdan Ficeac Tribulaţiile unui partid de cadre. Partidul Conservator (1880) ......................................30 Silvia Bocancea Media și alegeri Candidaţii populişti şi noile tehnologii (Blog, Facebook, YouTube) în alegerile prezidenţiale din 2009 .....................................................................................................39 Antonio Momoc New media în alegerile prezidenţiale din 2009 .............................................................47 Ionela Carmen Boșoteanu Alegeri Democraţia dincolo de alegeri.........................................................................................57 Vasile Pleșca Despre fundamentarea afectivă a preferinţelor utilizate în luarea deciziilor de vot ..63 Alexandru Iulian Bodnariu Echilibru partinic și reprezentare electorală în democraţiile estice .............................. 73 Silviu-Petru Grecu Reforma alegerilor europene pentru 2014. Provocarea listelor transnaţionale ...........82 Corina Turșie Referendumul în România – între utilitate şi utilizare ..................................................94 Antonio Glodeanu Eseu Descartes și politica......................................................................................................... 102 Alexandru Ștefănescu Interviu Stéphane Courtois: Oamenii politici să nu confunde istoriile ......................................109 Arhiva Gheorghiu Dej – Să-l păstrăm cum era în viaţă! ............................................................113 Stelian Tănase Recenzii O confesiune de credinţă ................................................................................................119 Ioana Cristea Drăgulin Vasile Ionescu, Istoria care trece, cuvântul rămâne... Mărturiile ultimului director al SOCIETĂŢII ROMÂNE DE RADIODIFUZIUNE DIN PERIOADA PRECOMUNISTĂ O teorie eco-sistemică a organizaţiilor internaţionale................................................. 121 Daniel Șandru Anton Carpinschi, Diana Mărgărit, Organizaţii internaţionale Abordarea internaţională a parlamentarismului ..........................................................122 Cristian Bocancea Gabriel Liviu Ispas, Parlamentarismul în societatea internaţională Partizanii români din Franţa .......................................................................................... 124 Sabin Drăgulin Gavin Bowd, La France et la Roumanie communiste Semnale ...........................................................................................................................126 Index de autori ..............................................................................................................127 Editorial Alegerile RP și multipartidismul din România. O confirmare a teoriei duvergeriene ALEXANDRU RADU [„Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University] e cele mai multe ori, Abstract analizele asupra dinami- This article aims to investigate Dcii sistemului politic ro- the relationship between the mânesc au pus în evidenţă, programatic type of the practiced electoral sau nu, specificităţile acestuia în raport system and the format of the cu sistemele democratice consolida- party system, using the theories te, dar, uneori, chiar și cu democraţiile voiced by M. Duverger, in order emergente. Mai mult, specificul politic do negate the exceptional românesc părea a fi depășit zona empi- character of the postocommunist ricului, tinzând a se constitui într-un caz period in Romania. The analysis aparte, distinct de modelele date de te- leads to the conclusion that, oriile politologice. Un argument puter- given this perspective, Romania nic în această direcţie a excepţionalis- is actually an exemplary case in mului românesc îl reprezintă spaţiul de confirming Duverger’s thesis on analiză al dinamicii sistemului de par- the relationship between the tide, unde, probabil, pot fi identificate proportional electoral system and cele mai multe elemente particulare ale the multipartyism. practicii politice românești. Putem adă- uga aici și argumentul noului mecanism electoral parlamentar, bazat pe votul uninominal. Analiza corelaţiei dintre tipul sis- temului electoral practicat și formatul sistemului de partide, în baza liniei te- oretice fundamentate de M. Duverger, ne va permite să infirmăm existenţa unui caz special românesc. Este ceea ce ne propunem să facem în continuare. În România postcomunistă, emer- genţa pluripartidismului, probabil cel mai spectaculos fenomen politic, a debutat ca un proces exploziv, care a concentrat energiile creatoare ale ro- Keywords mânilor grăbiţi parcă să se implice într- proportional electoral system; un soi de revanșă împotriva „partidului multipartyism; effective number of unic”. A contribuit la boom-ul partidist parties; coalition government și largheţea exigenţelor formale pentru Sfera Politicii nr. 8 (162) / 2011 3 înfiinţarea unui partid politic, stabilite de puterea revoluţională1, caracterizat ade- sea drept „mecanism adecvat exploziei pluripartidismului”2. Totuși, chiar și în aceste condiţii, excesul cantitativist iniţial, până la urmă o consecinţă directă a sfârșitului perioadei prelungite de suprimare forţată a partidelor3, a tins, treptat, să se dimi- nueze. După ce a crescut abrupt în primele luni ale anului 1990 şi moderat în anii următori, începând de pe la mijlocul anilor 90 numărul partidelor politice a început să scadă, ajungând la nivelul relativ redus din prezent. O imagine asupra aceastei dinamici ne-o putem face urmărind evoluţia cifre- lor care consemnează partidele politice înregistrate oficial. Astfel, la sfârșitul primei luni a anului 1990 erau deja înregistrate 23 de partide politice, pentru ca numărul lor să crească la 107 în ianuarie 1991, respectiv la 157 doi ani mai târziu, apogeul fiind atins la începutul lui 1996, când erau înregsitrate circa 200 de formaţiuni politice4. Înlocuirea Decretului-lege nr. 8 din 31 decembrie 1989 cu Legea partidelor politice nr. 27 din 1996 a avut, cel puţin formal, un efect reducţionist puternic asupra par- tidelor politice existente: până la data specificată de lege, respectiv 15 septembrie 1996, la Tribunalul Municipiului Bucureşti au fost depuse 51 de cereri de reînmatri- culare, din care 8 au fost respinse, astfel că numai 43 de partide politice au primit recunoaşterea oficială; totuși, un număr de partide politice a continuat să fiinţeze alegal, adică fără să fie înregistrate oficial, dar şi fără să fie radiate
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