Curriculum Essentials Grade Nine

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Curriculum Essentials: Grade Nine Ancient Literature (2 semesters – 1 credit) Homer, The Iliad (the whole thing) – The Odyssey to be read the previous summer or can be moved to following summer Greek Plays – Oedipus Rex, Antigone Selections from Plato’s Republic (on the poets, Allegory of the Cave) Plato, Apology (or read in history) Virgil, The Aeneid (the whole thing) Roman poetry Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (read in English class but taught when Roman Civil War studied in history) Addison’s Cato (if time) Genesis 1-4 Composition (1 semester – ½ credit) The class focuses on grammar and composition and also entails the study of classic essays by Bacon, Addison, Swift, Johnson, Orwell, et alia Western Civilization I - Ancient History (2 semesters – 1 credit) Herodouts, The Histories, on the Persian Wars, esp. on the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, (selections, esp. Pericles, “Funeral Oration,” “Plague Speech”; The Melian Dialogue; debate on Sicilian expedition) Plutarch, Lives of Lycurgus, Solon, Pericles, Alcibiades Plato, The Republic, Book VIII on the regimes (monarchy, aristocracy, democracy) Plato, The Apology (may be read here if literature pressed for time), also The Crito may be read, time permitting Aristotle, The Politics, Book I Livy, selections on early Rome Polybius, The Histories, Book IV Plutarch, Lives of Cato the Elder, Julius Caesar, Cicero Cicero, Catiline Oration (1st); sel. Letters to Atticus and Quintus; De Officiis (selections) Caesar, The Commentaries (selections) Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti Tacitus and Suetonius on the Roman emperors Marcus Aurelius, Meditations Documents from the Judeo-Christian Tradition o Ten Commandments, life of David, Sermon on the Mount WISDOM • VIRTUE • LIBERTY Biology (2 semesters – 1 credit) Mathematics (2 semesters – 1 credit) Algebra I and II Geometry Latin Electives Spanish I, II Art – sculpture, technique (includes aspects of history) Music – choir, band, orchestra (includes aspects of history) Physical Education and Nutrition WISDOM • VIRTUE • LIBERTY .

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The Roles of Solon in Plato's Dialogues
The Roles of Solon in Plato’s Dialogues Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Ortencio Flores, M.A. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Bruce Heiden, Advisor Anthony Kaldellis Richard Fletcher Greg Anderson Copyrighy by Samuel Ortencio Flores 2013 Abstract This dissertation is a study of Plato’s use and adaptation of an earlier model and tradition of wisdom based on the thought and legacy of the sixth-century archon, legislator, and poet Solon. Solon is cited and/or quoted thirty-four times in Plato’s dialogues, and alluded to many more times. My study shows that these references and allusions have deeper meaning when contextualized within the reception of Solon in the classical period. For Plato, Solon is a rhetorically powerful figure in advancing the relatively new practice of philosophy in Athens. While Solon himself did not adequately establish justice in the city, his legacy provided a model upon which Platonic philosophy could improve. Chapter One surveys the passing references to Solon in the dialogues as an introduction to my chapters on the dialogues in which Solon is a very prominent figure, Timaeus- Critias, Republic, and Laws. Chapter Two examines Critias’ use of his ancestor Solon to establish his own philosophic credentials. Chapter Three suggests that Socrates re- appropriates the aims and themes of Solon’s political poetry for Socratic philosophy. Chapter Four suggests that Solon provides a legislative model which Plato reconstructs in the Laws for the philosopher to supplant the role of legislator in Greek thought.
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Taking Sides: the Political Economy of Solon's Law for Civil Wars*
Taking sides: The Political Economy of Solon’s Law for Civil Wars* Soeren C. Schwuchow**, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany George Tridimas***, Ulster University, Northern Ireland This version: 18 June 2019 Abstract In 594 BCE the Athenian statesman Solon defused a grave social crisis by introducing wide- ranging constitutional, political and economic reforms which granted various rights to a nas- cent ‘middle class’ and reduced the power of the wealthy birth aristocracy. Solon’s reforms included a law which perhaps counter-intuitively banned citizens from staying neutral in cas- es of civil conflict. After reviewing aspects of the law against neutrality debated by historians, the present paper employs the methodology of the economics of conflict to investigate the implications of the law for the stability of the constitutional order initiated by Solon. We ex- amine a stylised model of three social classes, Rich, Middle and Poor, where the former two compete for control of the government, and the Poor may decide to stay neutral or side with either the Middle or the Rich. By solving the model we identify conditions for the Rich to ac- cept the Solonian order or reject it and mount a coup. Key words: Ancient Athens; Solon; social conflict; neutrality; social stability; constitution- al choice. JEL Classification: D7: Analysis of Collective Decision making; D72: Political Processes D74: Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; N4: Economic History– Government; N93 - Europe: Pre-1913 Regional and Urban History * Paper in early stage of progress, preliminary and incomplete. Please do not circulate. ** Soeren C. Schwuchow (corresponding author), Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Microeconomics, P.O.
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Solon and His Πόλις: the Afterlife of an Archaic Personage in Late Democratic Athens This Paper Investigates the Afterlif
Solon and his πόλις: The Afterlife of an Archaic Personage in Late Democratic Athens This paper investigates the afterlife of archaic literary legacy in political discourses of fourth-century Athens. It does so through juxtaposition of two literary tradition concerning Solon: Solonian fragments, and the courtroom speeches of Demosthenes and Aeschines. This paper argues that in Sol. 4, Solon perceives the populace as threat to the πόλις and its constitution: both the elites and the general public are source of moral corruption that puts the polis in danger, and both suffer the consequences of civil strife when Dike enacts the divine revenge. The word choices of Sol. 4 form parallels between the fate of the commoners and that of the elites, while the dichotomy between the πόλις and its populace is established through the scenes such as the private citizens plundering public property and the divine revenge entering the private household (Irwin, 2006; Noussia-Fantuzzi, 2010). Next, this paper discusses the implications of this reading of Sol. 4. First, I point out that the overlap of the divine and the mortal forms the political hub of the Solonian Weltanschauung: the people live in the physical space of πόλις; the gods maintain their presence with their sanctuary and ensure the survival of the πόλις with Dike’s revenge as a deterrent. This answers the long-debated question of whether the political realm in Sol. 4 is secular or supernatural (Anhalt, 1993; Blaise, 2006). I also argue that the dichotomy between the πόλις and its populace undermines the legitimacy of “the people” (Ober, 2018).
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Slavery, Freedom and Citizenship in Classical Athens: Beyond a Legalistic Approach
Slavery, Freedom and Citizenship in Classical Athens: Beyond a Legalistic Approach Kostas Vlassopoulos* In a seminal article written over four decades ago M. I. Finley made the memo- rable statement that ‘one aspect of Greek history is the advance, hand in hand, of freedom and slavery’.1 Finley explained that Greek communities, and in par- ticular places like Athens, passed during the archaic period through a process whose endpoint was a social division into two exclusive categories, the slave and the free. It was not that the distinction between slave and free did not exist in earlier periods or in other, earlier or contemporary, societies. But ear- lier Greek communities, and the older civilisations of the Near East, usually incorporated this distinction within a wider spectrum of statuses, with varying degrees of freedom and dependence from the monarch at the top to the lowest slave at the bottom. It was only in certain Greek communities that the interme- diate statuses were abolished and the social body divided into two polar oppo- sites. Finley offered his own interpretation for this unique development. It was the result of a struggle between the aristocracy and the peasantry during the archaic period, in which the lower classes were victorious and destroyed the bonds of dependency on the aristocracy by political means: the lower classes were incorporated into the body politic as citizens with equal rights. Athens was, for Finley, the case par excellence in this development. The leg- islation of Solon in the early sixth century bc cancelled previous debts and prohibited the enslavement of Athenian citizens for debts incurred.2 This cre- ated a significant manpower problem for the elite, which could no longer count on exploiting the peasants to produce the necessary surplus.
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Solon 638-539 B.C
75 AD SOLON 638-539 B.C. Plutarch translated by John Dryden Plutarch (46-120) - Greek biographer, historian, and philosopher, sometimes known as the encyclopaedist of antiquity. He is most renowned for his series of character studies, arranged mostly in pairs, known as “Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans” or “Parallel Lives.” Solon (75 AD) - A study of the life of the Athenian lawgiver, Solon. SOLON DIDYMUS, the grammarian, in his answer to Asclepiades concerning Solon’s Tables of Law, mentions a passage of one Philocles, who states that Solon’s father’s name was Euphorion, contrary to the opinion of all others who have written concerning him; for they generally agree that he was the son of Execestides, a man of moderate wealth and power in the city, but of a most noble stock, being descended from Codrus; his mother, as Heraclides Ponticus affirms, was cousin to Pisistratus’s mother, and the two at first were great friends, partly because they were akin, and partly because of Pisistratus’s noble qualities and beauty. And they say Solon loved him; and that is the reason, I suppose, that when afterwards they differed about the government, their enmity never produced any hot and violent passion, they remembered their old kindnesses, and retained “Still in its embers living the strong fire” of their love and dear affection. For that Solon was not proof against beauty, nor of courage to stand up to passion and meet it “Hand to hand as in the ring,” we may conjecture by his poems, and one of his laws, in which there are practices forbidden to slaves, which he would appear, therefore, to recommend to freemen.
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Timeline of Ancient Greek Coins and Events Historical Events and Eras Numismatic Events Archaic Period (Prior to 500 BC)
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Solon, the Lawgiver, in the Light of Recent Discoveries and Criticism Charles A
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1936 Solon, the Lawgiver, in the Light of Recent Discoveries and Criticism Charles A. Castellano Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Castellano, Charles A., "Solon, the Lawgiver, in the Light of Recent Discoveries and Criticism" (1936). Master's Theses. Paper 97. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/97 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1936 Charles A. Castellano SOLON, THE LAWGIVER, IN THE IliGHr OF RECENT DISCOVERIES AND CRITICISM. CHARLES A. CASTELLANO, S. J. July 1936 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ot the requirements for the degree ot Master ot Arts in Loyola University. -2- TABLE ~ CONTENTS. Chapter Title Page Chapter I Introduction and Background - 4 Chapter II The Hektemoroi -25 Chapter III Cancellation of Debts and Change in the Monetary Standard -42 Chapter IV Political Reforms -60 Chapter V Miscellaneous Laws and Concluding Remarks. 83 B1b11ograpey ••••••••••.••••••..••••••••••••.•••.••• -3- Vita Auctoris Charles Anthony Castellano, s. J. vms born in New York City, New York, June 11, 1907. He moved to New port, Rhode Island, where he attended St. Joseph's Grammar and High School. He entered the University of Detroit in 1923 and Milford Novitiate of the So ciety of Jesus in 1926. He received his Litt.
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The Economic Policy of Solon
THE ECONOMIC POLICY OF SOLON J) EFERENCES to the sources from which the materialused in this paper has A, been drawn will be found in three preliminary studies,-" Trade between Greece and Egypt before Alexander the Great" (J.E.A., XXV, 1939, pp. 177-183), "The early coinages of Athens and Euboea " (Num. Chr., I [6th series], 1941, pp. 8-16), -and" The chronology of Solon's reforms " (Cl. Rev., LVII, 1943, pp. 1-3),-and they need not be repeated. Some notes have however been added on points which, as critics have suggested, require elucidation, and two considerations may be stated as postulates. (a) There was no organised commercialsystem in European Greece at the begin- ning of the seventh century B.C.: overseas trading was a matter of individual enterprise, for which the states took no responsibility. A city might control trading within its own area, and, if it was situated on a commercial route, influence it in other districts by such means as duties: thus Pheidon could dictate terms to the merchants going to and from the interior of the Peloponnesus, since their best road passed through his territory. The dues could be modified to suit policy: the goods of one merchant could be charged prohibitive sums, those of another accorded easy terms: in the end the matter might often be settled by individual bargaining, much in the same way as in the Near East till quite recent years. There may have been some kind of understanding in the seventh century about spheres of activity, probably between the merchants rather than the states: thus the Corinthians and Chalcidians shared the trade with the West and North, in the latter with the Eretrians, while the Aeginetans had the bulk of that with the East and the Megarians operated in the North-East.
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The Theory of Greek Democracy Before Aristotle
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1943 The Theory of Greek Democracy Before Aristotle Edmund P. Burke Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Classical Literature and Philology Commons Recommended Citation Burke, Edmund P., "The Theory of Greek Democracy Before Aristotle" (1943). Master's Theses. 77. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/77 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1943 Edmund P. Burke THE THEORY OF GREEK DEMOCRACY BEFORE ARISTOTLE • BY EDMUND P. BURKE, S.J. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL li'ULFIT.IMENT OF THE REQ,UIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LOYOLA UNIVERSITY JULY 1943, VITA Edmund P. Burke, S.J., was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August 4, 1916. He moved to Oak Park, Illinois, and graduated from Ascension Grammar School in 1930. The following three years, from 1930 to 1933, he attended ~uigley Preparatory Seminary, Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from St. Ignatius High School in that city in 1934. In September of that year he entered the Milford Novitiate of the Society of Jesus, attending the Arts College of Xavier Univer sity, Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1934 to 1938. In 1938 he transferred to West Baden College of Loyola University, where he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1939.
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Particulars in the Discussion of Solon's Chronology
APPENDIX IV PARTICULARS IN THE DISCUSSION OF SOLON'S CHRONOLOGY Sources The sources for Solon's chronology are as follows: 1. AP contains the following as M. Miller excerpts and sets it out in her article, "Solon's Time Table" (the references to the text of AP are added): The Ath. Pol. has the most extended account: "Taking charge of affairs, Solon both (I) freed the people then and forever by forbidding loans upon the person; and (2) legislated; and (3) amputated debts both pri vate and public, which is called Shaking Off of Burdens ...." (AP 6.1, 22-26). Again: "These are the provisions of Solon's constitution which most benefit the people: the first and greatest is the ban on loans upon the person ...." (ibid. 9.1, 22-24). And finally: "These then are the popular benefits in the laws; before the law-code there was the ampu tation of debts and thereafter the enlargement of both the measures and the weights, and of the coinage ...." (ibid. 10.1, 8-11).1 2. Plutarch contains the following as Hignett, paraphrases it in, A History if the Athenian Constitution: Plutarch, however, (Solon 14.3; 16.3-5), while ascribing the O"etO"UX9eta or cancellation of debts to Solon's archonship, believed that an inter val of some duration ensued between the Seisachtheia and Solon's codification of the laws. In this interval the people, at first disappointed by the results of the Seisachtheia, learnt to appreciate the benefits that they received from it, and in consequence appointed Solon 'tTl<; ltoAm:ia<; owp9co'tl)V Kat VOllo9£'tT1V.
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SOLON Solon Is Much More Famous As a Lawgiver Than As a Poet, but It Is Only the Latter That Will Be Emphasized Here, Except In
SOLON Solon is much more famous as a lawgiver than as a poet, but it is only the latter that will be emphasized here, except in so far as historical details need be introduced in order to understand his poetry. Date Although neither the date of his birth nor of his death can be fixed with certainty, the year 594/93 is widely accepted as the date of his archonship. The Suda gives his floruit as the 47th Olympiad (592- 89), but adds that according to some it was the 56th (556-53). The former is close to the date of his archonship and the latter is manifestly wrong. Plutarch (Solon 32.3) cites two authorities for the date of his death, the one (Heraclides) claiming that he lived a considerable length of time after Pisistratus became tyrant (560), the other (Phanias) that he survived the beginning of the tyranny by less than two years. Diogenes Laertius (1.61) states that he died at the age of eighty. It is probable, therefore, that he was born c. 640 or shortly after. Poetry Except for the Theognidean corpus, much of which is of doubtful authenticity, we have more of Solon's poetry than we have for any other elegist of the archaic period. There are extant 287 elegiac verses and in addition there are 42 iambic trimeters and 20 tro chaic tetrameters. Fr. 13 is also the longest elegiac poem (76 verses) we have before Hellenistic times. According to the Suda Solon composed 1tOt11J.tU ot' eA.eyeirov 0 LaAaJ.tl<; E1tt ypa(j>e'tat.
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Lycurgus, Legendary Law-Gfver of 800 B.C. Sparta: Cultural Engineer A
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