Transportation and Land Use Planning Background Paper
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Transportation and Building 21st Century Cities Intersection of Transportation and Land Use Planning City of Guelph Transportation Master Plan Background Paper Series Guelph Transportation Master Plan Moving Guelph Forward Guelph is growing and how we move This series of background papers offer around our city is changing. We’re information and analysis of some of exploring transportation options to the key trends and concepts that will make our city move better in every underpin the development and set the way. Through the Transportation Master strategic direction of the City of Guelph Plan update, we will look at all of the TMP. The papers are intended to ways we move: walking, cycling, riding support conversations in the community transit, driving, trucking and using and across City Hall about how Guelph trains. A renewed plan will ensure plans for the future of mobility. we have the right travel options and capacity to support the people and The series includes the following jobs we expect as Guelph grows, while papers, all available at guelph.ca/tmp. maintaining high quality of life for 1. Transportation Technology and residents and workers. New Mobility Options The updated Transportation Master Plan 2. The Changing Transportation (TMP) will define how our transportation System User system will support the community as Guelph continues to grow. The update 3. Transportation and Building 21st will look at transportation planning Century Cities in Guelph beyond 2031. The main 4. Road Safety objectives are: 5. Network Planning 1. to ensure the new plan builds upon current policies, including the Official 6. Transportation System Plan and other master plans that Resilience have been approved since 2005; Each of these background papers opens 2. to recommend new policies with an introductory primer on the topic and guidelines that reflect our before examining key trends globally, community’s vision and that balance followed by a look at how these topics mobility, environment and efficiency and trends are currently addressed while prioritizing safety and access in Guelph, before concluding with an for all travellers; and analysis of the implications for planning Guelph’s future transportation system. 3. to explore how new and evolving technologies and travel services will shape the future of transportation in Guelph. Moving Guelph Forward 2 Table of Contents Intersection of Transportation and Land Use Planning: A Primer 4 Intersection of Transportation and Land Use Planning in Guelph 7 Acknowledgements 9 Moving Guelph Forward 3 Intersection of Transportation and Land Use Planning: A Primer Land use and transportation are intertwined. Therefore, land use and transportation planning must be coordinated to ensure that the objectives of both are achieved. This paper speaks to some of the key points of intersection between land use planning and transportation planning being considered by the City of Guelph. Moving Guelph Forward 4 How does land use …through community design “Direct-ness” of street pattern impacts planning influence access, connectivity and trip length for transportation active transportation modes - walking and cycling. Street patterns that create short planning? walking distances and direct connections to community boundaries are more supportive Land use planning establishes levels of active modes. Street patterns also impact the efficiency and quality of transit of activity/demands for travel service. The City of Guelph’s Official Plan (OP) …through site design establishes the overall distribution of people and jobs throughout the City. It Site design sets the location of different also establishes land uses for all land features on a site. The approach taken to in the city. Land uses include ways that site design impacts access and trip length properties can be used, how tall buildings to and from the site for active modes. can be and how many residential units Site design also affects travel distances there can be on each property – known as and environments for sustainable modes density – which is basically a measure of - pedestrians, cyclists and transit users how many people live or work in a building - which strongly influences mode choice. or a neighbourhood. The more people Site designs that do not include supportive living or working in a neighbourhood or elements for sustainable modes (e.g. bike along a street, the more opportunity there parking, showers and change facilities, is to serve travel demands using mass etc.) promote cars as a preferred mode transportation like public transit. choice. Land use planning and practices …through parking regulations influence mode choice… Convenience, cost and availability of parking at the home end of a trip …through land use mix influences car ownership and general car The mix of land uses in an area determines use. Convenience, cost and availability of the number of everyday destinations that parking at the destination end of a trip can be easily accessed using short trips. makes driving to that destination more The broader the range of services, housing, attractive than using any other mode. shopping, jobs and restaurants available Note that parking is not just a close-by, the more likely it is that people transportation issue. Parking is often used will choose the local option, keeping their to generate revenue for a city. Parking trips short. Short trips offer travellers a supply is also perceived to be a critical broader range of mode choice because support for economic activity and land walking and cycling are only attractive development. These goals often encourage options for many people if the trip is short. increasing parking supply in areas where A mix of land uses around employment objectives for increasing sustainable centres also supports transit use for transportation mode share would commuter trips. Employees who have discourage it. The desire for high levels access to a range of services close to work of convenience have historically led to an are more likely to use transit for their over-supply of parking capacity, particularly primary trips. Additionally, mixing land where land prices are lower. uses around employment centres creates demand for two-way travel, increasing travel demand in areas well served by transit. Moving Guelph Forward 5 The TMP connects neighbourhoods The TMP develops the networks for all modes of travel. It makes sure that all travel options are available for all destinations across the city and that networks for each mode are connected and continuous. The TMP determines local priorities for travel modes The TMP identifies the priority networks (i.e. the connection of streets and paths that will provide a comfortable and convenient environment) for travellers using every mode. The priority networks reflect the existing neighbourhood structure and the growth objectives of the City set by the OP. How does The TMP also identifies the City’s design practices to improve the environment for transportation the priority modes along different streets. Where the priority networks overlap, the planning reflect land TMP will establish practices for integrating use planning? the priority networks. The Transportation Master The TMP influences how well streets Plan (TMP) reflects strategic integrate into the community community objectives The TMP identifies the design practices that the City will follow to reflect the The TMP sets the level of priority given environment of the street and avoid to the different modes of travel across creating a barrier. The practices will the city. It makes sure that the networks, consider the unique needs of streets in policies and programs for different modes different areas, such as urban areas, are planned to reflect the community suburban areas, industrial areas and objectives. natural areas. The TMP sets mode share targets The TMP sets the targets for the percentage of travelers that will use each mode of transportation for personal travel in the community in the future. These percentages are collectively referred to as the mode share targets. The mode share targets consider the historical travel choices by residents of Guelph and the City’s strategic goals related to transportation, climate change and urban form. Moving Guelph Forward 6 Intersection of Transportation and Land Use Planning in Guelph City of Guelph Official Urban Structure and Plan Strategic Growth Areas The City of Guelph’s Official Plan (OP) Schedule 1 of Guelph’s OP defines an urban is the guiding document that provides structure based on a nodes and corridors the long-term framework for growth, model of growth. The Intensification development and the protection of many Corridors and Community Mixed-Use Nodes valuable cultural and natural heritage identified in the City’s OP are intended to resources located across the city. It is a be vibrant areas with increased density legal document under the Planning Act that and a variety of land uses. The density contains the goals, objectives and policies and mix of uses will create a lot of short to manage and direct physical (land use) trips that can be completed by walking and change, and its effects on the cultural, cycling while also supporting the viability social, economic and natural environment of existing and planned transit service. within the community. The City also Greenfield areas (i.e. new subdivisions) has several areas across the city that will be planned to be compact and will have been or are being planned through be developed at densities that encourage Secondary Plans defining detailed land use travel by sustainable modes and promote and policies. opportunities to live in close proximity to The OP was consolidated in 2018 and jobs. is currently being reviewed to address The City of Guelph has done some initial conformity with the Planning Act and a work to consider street design in some the number of provincial policies. The vision Intensification Corridors and Community and principles for growth within the OP Mixed-Use Nodes. Urban Design Concept include: Plans have been prepared for the: .