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Ho-Chi-Minh Beloved Leade~ of the Vietnamese People

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Ho-Chi-Minh Beloved Leade~ of the Vietnamese People TRU'O'NG - CHI~H PRESIDENT HO-CHI-MINH BELOVED LEADE~ OF THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE FOREIGi J LANGUAGES PUBLISHIKG HOUSE HA.'OI 1966 PRESIDENT 'A , HO-CHI-MINH BELOVED LEADER OF THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE TRU'O'NG - CHINH PRESIDENT 'A , O-CHI-MIN BELOVED LEADER OF THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE FOREIGN LAKGUAGES PUBLISHING HOUSE HANOI - 1966 President H(} - CHi - MINH FOREWORD Insurrections followed each other, men died as heroes, but the colonial regime remained unshaken, apparently un­ shakable. Our scholars in the name of the King and of Con­ ficius, led the peasants to battle, but they fought with out­ of-date arms and ideas of past ages. Against the foreign imperialists' modern weapons and Machiavellian schemes, this was derisory. Even more so were the attempts by our urban bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie to tail after Western capitalism. Such was the state of Vietnam before I930. A whole nation, proud of its centuries-old history, fought heroically, but for many decades, every insurrection was doomed to failure. The road to independence seemed blocked, a wall rose, unshakable, impregnable, obstructing the path of the future. Eyes turned towards the two elder nations of Asia: China and India. But in spite of immense efforts, at the time these two great countries either remained under subjection or sank into anarchy. In the dark night, a light flashed, a voice resounded. Imperialism, it said, is powerful but ridden with contradic­ tions, OUr weakness only stems from OUr inability to mobilize the main forces of the nation, the masses of thz people, from au/' inability to define an adequate overall political line, ap­ propriate strategy and tactics, suitable forms of organization We lacked an ideology that made it possible for us to mo­ bilize and organize the people, and showed us the road of human progress. Such an ideology exists, it is that of the working class, it is Marxism-Leninism. However, to possess a compass did not necessarily mean that one knows how to sall one's ship over a stormy sea. One had to apply that theory to Vietnamese realities, to create that party of steel which was to define the line to be followed by the people's struggle at each stage, that national front which rallied all forces and that people's army which spearheaded the revolution. This work, immense in effectiveness and scope, was to be done by a man of indomitable energy and unequalled ludicity, a profoundly humanitarian man symbolizing the progress of his epoch and national tradition, an ardent patriot ani an internationalist as well. That man is H8-Chi-Minh, Uncle H8 as he is called by all Vietnamese. H8-Chi-Minh pursued the work for nearly half a century and has achieved it at last in relying on the Party he had founded. Many a fighter of the South cried out before being hit by the bullets of a firing squad: "Long live President H8-Chi-Minh. In the remotest villages of Vietnam, North and South, every little child, as soon as he can speak, babbles to his mother "I will be good, Uncle H8 will be pleased". Such is the man whose short biography we publish here­ after, written by one of his closest collaborators, Tru'o'ng­ Chinh, a member of the Political Bureau of the Vietnam Workers' Party. FOREIGN LANGUAGES PUBLISHING HOUSE PRESIDENT HO-CHI-MINH BELOVED LEADER OF THE VIETNA~LESE PEOPLE The 19th May of this year is the 70th * anniversary of Coml'ade H6 - Chi - Minh, President and Secretary General of the Vietnam Workers' Party and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Vietnamese working class and people are engaged in patriotic emula­ tion, endeavouring to record outstanding achievievements which they will offer to their beloved leader as birthday presents. On this occasion, let us study the life and work of President H6-Chi-Minh, and try to understand and learn from his thinking, moral greatness and style of work so as to be able to better serve the Party and the people. * Article carried by Hoc Tap (issues 01 May and July 1960), a political and theoretical review of the Vietnam Workers' Party. A SUMMARY OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF PRESIDENT HO-CHI-MINH In the history of the nations, there are great men whose lives and works are closely bound to glorious stages in the history of their respective countries. Such men often sym­ bolize the noblest virtues of their people; all through their lives, they struggle for the freedom and happiness of their people whose dearest aspirations and firmest will their words and deeds bespeak. President H6 - Chi- Minh is such a man. He was born in 1890 into a poor peasant scholar's fam­ ily of Kimlien hamlet, Namlien village, Namdan district, Nghean province, a place with long-standing revolutionary traditions. His father was a Pha Bang*, who out of patriot­ ism had refused to collaborate with the French colonial­ ists and Nguyen feudalists and lived in poverty. As a young man, H6-Chi-Minh was deeply influenced by his social surroundings and family education. For successive generations, the people of Nghean and Hatinh provinces had waged a hard struggle against harsh natural conditions and the heavy yoke of colonialism and feudalism to win * Doctor of classical humanities (Pub.) the right to live, but they had never been able to escape misery and hunger. The peasants' spontaneous struggles against dispossession of land, heavy taxation, forced labour, etc. kindled in H6-Chi Minh's heart deep anger against the aggressors and traitors. As a child, he had been told stories about such heroes born in Nghetinh as Mai Hac De, Nguyen Quang Trung and others, which had inspir­ ed him with patriotism, the will for independence and the spirit of self-reliance. The anti-French Van Than mo­ vement led by Phan Dinh Phung, the Dong Zu movement led by Phan Boi Chau, the Dong Kink Nghia Thuc move­ ment and the guerilla war led by Hoang Hoa Tham left deep impressions in his mind: in his early adolescence, he was already pondering over the causes of the success or failure of every patriotic movement of the time. In 1905, he went to Hue and enrolled in Quoc Hoc school. But seeing that the only aim of the .1 Franco-Viet­ namese " schools was to turn out obedient agents and faith­ ful lackeys of the colonialists and feudalists, he left for Phanthiet where he taught in a private school. However, he soon went to Saigon, seeking some professional traming. By that time, he already thought that it would be necessary for him to visit France and other European coun­ tries, II to see the people there at work and then come back to help his compatriots".* The things that interested him most in those countries were the Ideals of freedom, civil rights, democracy, and the new developments in science and technology. Why did he not think of going to Japan * Tran Dan Tien: Glimpses of the life of H6-Chi-.11inlz, President of the D.l<.V. 10 or China, as recommended by partisans of the Dong Zu movement? Because in his opinion to rely on Japanese help to drive out the French was tantamount to "driving the tiger out of the front door while welcoming the wolf in through the back door", and that Liang Chi-chiao's thinking was reformist, and not thoroughly revolutionary. So he became a galley hand on a ship belonging to the Charg~urs Riunis, a French shipping company. And after that, as a worker on ocean going ships, he travelled a great deal. indeed around the world. He visited France, Great Britain, Germany, the United States and several French colonies in Africa. In capitalist countries, what struck him most was the fact that a minority of capitalists could live parasitically from their exploitation of the workers and other toiling people, and lead a life of luxury and debau­ chery while the majority of the people, the labourers, worked hard but lived in want and hardship. In the colo­ nies, he saw the suffering and humiliation of the oppressed peoples, and the imperialists' barbarity, cruelty and insolence. As a worker and a man whose country had fallen under foreign domination he felt deep sympathy with the work­ ers in imperialist countries and the people of the colonies. Thinking of his compatriots pained him very much; love for his country and his class kindled his heart. As he saw it, patriotism was closely bound to proletarian internatio­ nalism. In 1914, the First World War broke out. Vietnamese youth were pressganged and died in great numbers for the sake of French imperialism. He was then in England. He left immediately fur France and got in touch with Viet­ namese patriots living there, such as Phan Chu Trinh and 11 Phan Van Truong. The anti-French movement of King Duy Tan in 1916 and the insurrection of soldiers and pol­ itical prisoners in Thainguyen in 1917 had strong reper­ cussions which reached France, making him all the more impatient to work for the liberation of his people. In 1917, the Great October Socialist Revolution broke out in Russia. The Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin car­ ried through the greatest revolution in history, the Octo­ ber Revolution, and set up the first proletarian State in the world. The Soviet State declared that it would get Russia out of the imperialist war, called on the nations to restore peace, distributed land to the peasants, handed over the factories to the workers, liberated the peoples formerly under Tsarist oppression and founded a multi­ national State called the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ publics.
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