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Facultad De Ciencias Forestales Escuela De Ciencias Forestales UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES DEPARTAMENTO DE SILVICULTURA CARACTERIZACIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y PROPOSICIÓN DE UNA TIPOLOGÍA DE LA VEGETACIÓN PARA LA PRE-CORDILLERA ANDINA DE SANTIAGO Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal SERGIO MARCELO ÁLVAREZ RUIZ Profesor Guía: Sr. Rodolfo Gajardo Michell, Doctor en Ecología Santiago, Chile 2008 UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES DEPARTAMENTO DE SILVICULTURA CARACTERIZACIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y PROPOSICIÓN DE UNA TIPOLOGÍA DE LA VEGETACIÓN PARA LA PRE-CORDILLERA ANDINA DE SANTIAGO Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal SERGIO MARCELO ÁLVAREZ RUIZ Calificaciones: Nota Firma Prof. Guía Sr. Rodolfo Gajardo Michell 6,8 …………… Prof. Consejero Sr. Gustavo Cruz Madariaga 6,5 …………… Prof. Consejero Sr. Manuel Ibarra M artínez 7,0 …………… A mi Familia. AGRADECIMIENTOS A Rodolfo Gajardo, profesor guía y maestro, por impulsarme a efectuar esta memoria. Por su paciencia y buena disposición. A María Teresa Serra, por su amistad y generosidad en la entrega de conocimientos y por transmitirme la pasión por el mundo de las plantas. A Roberto Chavez, por su permanente apoyo y por su trabajo, valioso aporte a la realización de esta memoria. A Felipe Bañados y Carlos Fuenzalida, líderes del proyecto PROTEGE. Mi respeto y reconocimiento por la importante labor que han desarrollado en torno a la conservación de la Cordillera de Santiago, iniciativa que posibilitó la ejecución de esta memoria. A quienes, en su momento, formaron parte de los equipos que participaron en la ardua labor de toma de información y procesamiento de datos para este trabajo. Por último, quisiera agradecer a todos quienes me han alentado a terminar este trabajo. TABLA DE CONTENIDOS 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................1 2. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ..............................................................................................2 2.1 Conceptos básicos.....................................................................................................2 2.2 El estudio de las comunidades vegetales...................................................................3 2.3 Antecedentes de vegetación y flora del área de estudio............................................3 2.3.1 Antecedentes biogeográficos..................................................................3 2.3.2 Estudios previos en la Precordillera Andina de Santiago .......................4 3. AREA DE ESTUDIO .............................................................................................................5 3.1 Identificación y delimitación ....................................................................................5 3.2 División administrativa.............................................................................................8 3.3 Caracterización ambiental.........................................................................................9 3.3.1 Clima.......................................................................................................9 3.3.3 Suelos .....................................................................................................9 3.3.4 Hidrología...............................................................................................9 4. MÉTODO .............................................................................................................................11 4.1 Caracterización fisonómica estructural ...................................................................11 4.2 Caracterización florística ........................................................................................12 4.3 Elaboración de una tipología de la vegetación para el área de estudio ...................13 4.4 Producción cartográfica ..........................................................................................14 5. RESULTADOS.....................................................................................................................15 5.1 Vegetación ..............................................................................................................15 5.1.1 Caracterización fisonómico - estructural ..............................................15 5.1.2 Distribución y abundancia de las formaciones vegetales......................21 5.1.3 Caracterización vegetacional................................................................25 5.2 Flora........................................................................................................................32 5.2.1 Riqueza florística..................................................................................33 5.2.2 Listado florístico...................................................................................35 5.2.3 Estado de conservación de la flora del Contrafuerte de Santiago.........54 5.3 Tipología vegetacional............................................................................................58 5.3.1 Comunidades vegetales ........................................................................58 5.3.2 Series de Vegetación (Vegetación Natural Potencial) ..........................69 5.3.3 Vegetación Natural Actual ...................................................................71 5.3.4 Carta vegetacional de la Precordillera de Santiago...............................73 6. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................76 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................................78 APENDICE I PAUTA DE SIMPLIFICACION DE LA VEGETACIÓN POR CRITERIOS FISONÓMICO-ESTRUCTURALES.....................................................................83 i TABLAS TABLA 3.1 DISTRIBUCION ADMINISTRATIVA.................................................................................................8 TABLA 5.1 FORMACIONES VEGETALES PRESENTES EN AL AREA DE ESTUDIO..................................15 TABLA 5.2 FORMACIONES VEGETALES PRESENTES EN EL AREA DE ESTUDIO SEGÚN COBERTURA Y DENSIDAD (ha), Y SU PARTICIPACIÓN PORCENTUAL .........................................................22 TABLA 5.3 PARTICIPACIÓN DE SUCULENTAS (%) EN FORMACIONES VEGETALES DE LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO (ha)...........................................................................................23 TABLA 5.4 TIPOS VEGETACIONALES EN LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO .....................................25 TABLA 5.5 VARIACIONES DE TIPOS VEGETACIONALES SEGÚN ESPECIES DOMINANTES Y CODOMINANTES ..............................................................................................................................26 TABLA 5.6 FAMILIAS Y GÉNEROS CON MAYOR REPRESENTACIÓN EN EL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO .......33 TABLA 5.7 ESTADÍSTICA DE LA FLORA DEL CONTRAFUERTE DE SANTIAGO......................................34 TABLA 5.8 ESPECTRO DE FORMAS DE VIDA (RAUNKIAER) ......................................................................34 TABLA 5.9 DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA FLORA SEGÚN TIPO BIOLÓGICO Y ORIGEN .....................................35 TABLA 5.10 ESPECIES CATALOGADAS EN CATEGORIA DE CONSERVACIÓN PRESENTES EN LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO..................................................................................................55 TABLA 5.11 ESPECIES CATALOGADAS EN CATEGORIA DE CONSERVACION (LISTADO NACIONAL) PRESENTES EN UNIDADES DEL SNASPE ....................................................................................55 TABLA 5.12 ESPECIES DEL PIEDMONT CATALOGADAS EN CATEGORIA DE CONSERVACION (LISTADO REGIONAL), PRESENTES EN UNIDADES DEL SNASPE..........................................56 TABLA 5.13 ESPECIES CATALOGADAS EN CATEGORIA DE CONSERVACIÓN PRESENTES EN LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO SEGÚN BOLETIN 47 (MNHN) .............................................56 TABLA 5.14 ORDENAMIENTO JERARQUICO DE LA VEGETACION DE LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO..........................................................................................................................................59 TABLA 5.15 PISOS BIOCLIMATICOS DE LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO..........................................70 TABLA 5.16 VEGETACIÓN POTENCIAL (SERIES) DE LA PRECORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO ..................70 TABLA I-1 UN ESTRATO PRESENTE (LA Ó LB Ó H) ......................................................................................85 TABLA I-2 ESTRATOS LA – LB ..........................................................................................................................85 TABLA I-3 ESTRATOS LA – H.............................................................................................................................86 TABLA I-4 ESTRATOS LB – H.............................................................................................................................86 TABLA I-5 ESTRATOS LA – LB – H....................................................................................................................87 ii FIGURAS FIGURA 3.1 LOCALIZACIÓN DEL CONTRAFUERTE DE SANTIAGO Y SU RELACION CON ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN EN LA REGION METROPOLITANA..................................................................7 FIGURA 3.2 UBICACION ADMINISTRATIVA DEL CONTRAFUERTE DE SANTIAGO .................................8 FIGURA 5.1 CARTA DE OCUPACIÓN DE TIERRAS DE LA CORDILLERA DE SANTIAGO ........................16
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