DOCSLIB.ORG

Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Lagunas De Zempoala National Park, Mexico, with Description a New Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Lagunas De Zempoala National Park, Mexico, with Description a New Species Zootaxa 4521 (4): 553–562 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F757583B-C025-41F4-A8FE-D7BAC55620B3 First record of the family Bolitophilidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Lagunas de Zempoala National Park, Mexico, with description a new species HERON HUERTA Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos—InDRE, Francisco de P. Miranda No 177, Col. Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Del. Álvaro Obregón, 01480, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The first record of the family Bolitophilidae from Mexico is reported from the “Lagunas de Zempoala” Natural Reserve, situated between the borders of the states of Morelos and Mexico (included in the Nearctic Region), with a description and illustration of a new species, Bolitophila (Bolitophila) zempoala spec. nov., based on adults males collected with Mal- aise traps at an altitude of 2,841 m. a. s. l. in the Neo-Volcanic Axis mountains. The new species from Mexico is very closely related to Bolitophila (Bolitophila) dubiosa Van Duzee, 1928 and B. (B.) dupla Garrett, 1925. Key words: Bolitophilidae, Bolitophila, new species, new record, Mexico Resumen Primer registro de la familia Bolitophilidae en México, procedente de la Reserva Natural “Lagunas de Zempoala” situada entre los límites de los estados de Morelos y México, incluida en la región Neartica, con la descripción e ilustración de una nueva especie, Bolitophila (Bolitophila) zempoala spec. nov., basada en adultos machos colectados con trampa Mal- aise, a una altitud de 2,841 metros, en el eje neovolcánico montañoso. La nueva especie mexicana, está estrechamente relacionada a Bolitophila (Bolitophila) dubiosa Van Duzee, 1928 y B. (B.) dupla Garrett, 1925. Palabras clave: Bolitophilidae, Bolitophila, nueva especie, nuevo registro, México Introduction The Lagunas de Zempoala National Park is located along the borders of the states of Morelos and Mexico. It is a zone of transition between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions with great floristic richness. It has a temperate sub- humid climate and is a natural protected area which consists of a group of seven lagoons, including a biological corridor named Chichinautzin, approximately 50 km away from Mexico City (Fig. 1). Abundant forests surround the park, including different types of trees such as oaks (Quercus Linnaeus, Fagaceae), cedars (Cedrus Trew, Pinaceae), and pine trees (Pinus Linnaeus, Pinaceae). Some studies of Diptera related to the natural reserve have been conducted, including discovery of several endemic species (Patterson & Mainland 1944; Coscarón et al. 1999; Wang et al. 2006; Huerta & Ibáñez–Bernal 2008; Sinclair & Huerta 2010; Wiedenbrug et al. 2012; Spinelli et al. 2015). However, other Diptera families, such as, for example, Bolitophilidae, Dixidae, Sciaridae, include species not yet studied. In the particular case of Bolitophilidae, this constitutes the first report of specimens collected in Mexico in this natural reserve. The family Bolitophilidae includes a monotypic genus, Bolitophila Meigen, 1818, and comprises 64 extant species distributed primarily in the Holarctic, with the majority of species known from the Palearctic region. At present, Bolitophila is divided into two subgenera, Bolitophila Meigen (s. str.) with 23 species and Cliopisa Enderlein with 41 species (Bechev & Chandler 2011, Falaschi & Amorim 2013). This genus is widely distributed in the Nearctic (Vockeroth 1981), Palearctic (Plassmann 1988) and Oriental regions (Ševčík & Papp 2004). Records are lacking from other zoogeographical regions, e.g. the Neotropical region (Amorim 2009). Accepted by O. Kurina: 25 Sept. 2018; published: 16 Nov. 2018 553 The biology of Bolitophilidae species is known mostly for these from the Palaearctic region, where all species with known biology are exclusively mycetophagous. Larvae live inside the fruiting bodies of mainly fleshy and soft Agaricales and Boletales (Rindal et al. 2008; Jakovlev 2011, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to describe, photograph, and illustrate a new species of the subgenus Bolitophila from specimens collected in Mexico, and to provide the first record for the country and the most southern record of the family in the Nearctic region. FIGURE 1. Distribution of Bolitophila zempoala spec. nov. (solid rectangle) in Mexico. Material and methods The type material of the new species was collected by means of a Malaise trap in the Lagunas de Zempoala Natural Park (19°03′21.13″ N, 99°19′12.36″W, altitude 2841 m a. s. l.). The material was preserved in 75% ethanol and subsequently the specimens were cleared in 10% KOH, then dissected and mounted in Euparal. The holotype and paratype were prepared as permanent microscope slides. The photomicrographs were made using Lumenera® Infinity 1 digital camera software, through an Olympus BX50 compound microscope and SZX7 stereoscopic microscope. Some photos were edited using Adobe Photoshop®. Drawings were made using a camera lucida. Explanations of the taxonomic characters used here are found in Søli (1997, 2017), Søli et al. (2000) and Vockeroth (1981). The wing venation terminology follows Cumming & Wood (2017) and Fungus Gnats Online. Measurements are given in millimeters. The type specimens of the species described here are deposited in the Colección de Artrópodos con Importancia Médica (CAIM), Mexico City, Mexico. Abbreviations. ae com= aedeagal complex; a gonst= apex of gonostylus; abd st= abdominal sternites 1−8; abd tg= abdominal tergites1−8; app gonst= appendix of gonostylus; C= costal vein; clyp= clypeus; CuA= anterior 554 · Zootaxa 4521 (4) © 2018 Magnolia Press HUERTA branch of cubital veins; CuP= posterior branch of cubital vein; Dors= dorsal side; fc= face; flgm= flagellomeres I−XIV; goncx= gonocoxite; gonst= gonostylus; h= humeral crossvein; Lat= lateral side; lb gonst= lobe of gonostylus; m-cu=medial cubital crossvein; M1, M2 and M4= branches of medial vein; ped= pedicel; pm= paramere; proc gonst= process of gonostylus; R1, R2+3, R5= radial veins; r−m= radial−medial crossvein; Rs= radial sector; s=spine; Sc= subcostal vein; scp= scape; Sc−r= subcostal−radial crossvein; stm= stigma; tb com= tibial comb; tb spr= tibial spur; tb= tibia; tsm= tarsomere; Vent= ventral side. Taxonomy Family Bolitophilidae Meigen, 1818 Genus Bolitophila Meigen, 1818: 220. Type species: Bolitophila cinerea Meigen, 1818, by subsequent designation (Westwood 1840: 127). Subgenus Bolitophila Meigen, 1818 Bolitophila (Bolitophila) zempoala, new species (Figs 1−8) Type−material. Holotype, male. MEXICO, Estado de México, Reserva Natural “Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala” [19° 3´ 13.60´´ N, 99° 18´ 54.70´´W], 30−31-Jul-2005, Malaise Trap, Breidenbaugh, M. & Huerta, H. (CAIM). Paratype, male, same data as holotype (CAIM). Diagnosis. Scutum dark brown, except postpronotum and lateral margins pale yellow; vein R2+3 ending in R1; m−cu crossvein oblique; in ventral view posterior margin of gonocoxites medially emarginated, with a broad U−shaped depression, mesally with a pair of setose lobes; gonostylus in dorsal view with apical margin serrated (sharp spines); appendices of gonostylus strongly sclerotized, with basal portion L−shaped, midportion swollen, bearing lateral short, fine spines. FIGURE 2. Bolitophila zempoala spec. nov. Male. A. Head, frontal view. B. Face and clypeus, frontal view. Abbreviations: clyp= clypeus; fc=face. Scales: A=0.1 mm, B= 0.05 mm. FIRST BOLITOPHILIDAE FROM MEXICO Zootaxa 4521 (4) © 2018 Magnolia Press · 555 FIGURE 3. Bolitophila zempoala spec. nov. Male. A. Antenna. B. Flagellomeres XIII−XIV. Abbreviations: flgm= flagellomeres I−XIV; ped= pedicel; scp= scape. Scales: A=0.1 mm, B= 0.01. 556 · Zootaxa 4521 (4) © 2018 Magnolia Press HUERTA FIGURE 4. Bolitophila zempoala spec. nov. Male. A. Thorax, lateral view. B. Fore leg (tibia and tarsomere 1), lateral view. tb=tibia; tb com= tibial comb; tb spr= tibial spur; tsm= tarsomere. Scale: A=0.1 mm, B=0.05 mm. FIGURE 5. Bolitophila zempoala spec. nov. Male. Wing. Abbreviations: C= costal vein; CuA= anterior branch of cubital veins; CuP= posterior branch of cubital vein; h=humeral crossvein; m-cu=medial cubital crossvein; M1, M2 and M4= branches medial vein; r-m= radial−medial crossvein; Rs= radial sector; R1, R2+3, R5= radial veins; Sc= subcostal vein; Sc−r= subcostal−radial crossvein; stm= stigma. Scale= 0.5 mm. Description Male: Body length 6.0 mm. Head. (Fig. 2A). Brown, wider than long. Eyes dark brown, dichoptic, facets of similar width, length of interommatidial setae close to facet width. Three ocelli present, ocellar triangle brown, ocelli of similar size, distance between ocelli similar to ocellus diameter. Vertex slightly elevated, setose; frons bare, frontal furrow marked by a line, frontal tubercle small, between the bases of the antenna, face with several setae disposed as Fig. 2B. Clypeus with 6 setae. Mouthparts considerably reduced, labella small; premental apodeme Y−shaped. Maxillary palpus longer than labella, five articulated segments. First segments very short, with a subapical seta; second segment cylindrical, shorter than third segment, with two subapical setae; third segment cylindrical, FIRST BOLITOPHILIDAE FROM MEXICO Zootaxa 4521 (4) © 2018 Magnolia Press · 557 covered with several setae; fourth segment subcylindrical, similar in length to third, with several setae; fifth
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ancient Roaches Further Exemplify 'No Land Return' in Aquatic Insects
    Gondwana Research 68 (2019) 22–33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gondwana Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gr Ancient roaches further exemplify ‘no land return’ in aquatic insects Peter Vršanský a,b,c,d,1, Hemen Sendi e,⁎,1, Danil Aristov d,f,1, Günter Bechly g,PatrickMüllerh, Sieghard Ellenberger i, Dany Azar j,k, Kyoichiro Ueda l, Peter Barna c,ThierryGarciam a Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia b Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Research Center for Quantum Information, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia c Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, P.O. BOX 106, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia d Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117868 Moscow, Russia e Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia f Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets 162600, Russia g Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany h Friedhofstraße 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany i Bodelschwinghstraße 13, 34119 Kassel, Germany j State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China k Lebanese University, Faculty of Science II, Fanar, Natural Sciences Department, PO Box 26110217, Fanar - Matn, Lebanon l Kitakyushu Museum, Japan m River Bigal Conservation Project, Avenida Rafael Andrade y clotario Vargas, 220450 Loreto, Orellana, Ecuador article info abstract Article history: Among insects, 236 families in 18 of 44 orders independently invaded water. We report living amphibiotic cock- Received 13 July 2018 roaches from tropical streams of UNESCO BR Sumaco, Ecuador.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects in Cretaceous and Cenozoic Amber of Eurasia and North America
    Insects in Cretaceous and Cenozoic Amber of Eurasia and North America Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel’nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine email: [email protected] Edited by E. E. Perkovsky ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2016, Vol. 50, No. 9, p. 935. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016. Preface DOI: 10.1134/S0031030116090100 The amber is wellknown as a source of the most Eocene ambers. However, based on paleobotanical valuable, otherwise inaccessible information on the data, confirmed by new paleoentomological data, it is biota and conditions in the past. The interest in study dated Middle Eocene. Detailed discussions of dating ing Mesozoic and Paleogene ambers has recently and relationships of Sakhalinian ants is provided in the sharply increased throughout the world. The studies first paper of the present volume, in which the earliest included in this volume concern Coleoptera, ant of the subfamily Myrmicinae is described from Hymenoptera, and Diptera from the Cretaceous, the Sakhalinian amber and assigned to an extant Eocene, and Miocene amber of the Taimyr Peninsula, genus. The earliest pedogenetic gall midge of the Sakhalin Island, Baltic Region, Ukraine, and Mexico. tribe Heteropezini from the Sakhalinian amber is Yantardakh is the most important Upper Creta also described here. ceous insect locality in northern Asia, which was dis The Late Eocene Baltic amber is investigated better covered by an expedition of the Paleontological Insti than any other; nevertheless, more than half of its tute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR fauna remains undescribed; the contemporaneous (at present, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Rus fauna from the Rovno amber is investigated to a con sian Academy of Sciences: PIN) in 1970 and addition siderably lesser degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrmecophily in Keroplatidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea)
    Myrmecophily in Keroplatidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) Author(s): Annette Aiello and Pierre Jolivet Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Vol. 104, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 1996), pp. 226-230 Published by: New York Entomological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25010217 . Accessed: 24/10/2012 14:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. New York Entomological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the New York Entomological Society. http://www.jstor.org NOTES AND COMMENTS J. New York Entomol. Soc. 104(3-4):226-230, 1996 MYRMECOPHILY IN KEROPLATIDAE (DIPTERA: SCIAROIDEA) The Keroplatidae, a family of the Sciaroidea (fungus gnats), are a cosmopolitan group, and, although they are encountered frequently, very little has been published on their biology. Matile (1990) revised the Arachnocampinae, Macrocerinae and Keroplatini, and included information, where known, on immature stages. Keroplatid larvae spin silk webs and are either predaceous or fungal spore feeders. The most complete account of the natural history of any predaceous member of this family can be obtained from the numerous papers on the New Zealand Glow worm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse), a fungus gnat with luminous larvae (see Pugsley, 1983, 1984, for a review of the literature and ecology of the species, and Matile, 1990, for morphology and a summary of biology).
    [Show full text]
  • Insects Commonly Mistaken for Mosquitoes
    Mosquito Proboscis (Figure 1) THE MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE ABOUT CONTRA COSTA INSECTS Mosquitoes have four distinct developmental stages: MOSQUITO & VECTOR egg, larva, pupa and adult. The average time a mosquito takes to go from egg to adult is five to CONTROL DISTRICT COMMONLY Photo by Sean McCann by Photo seven days. Mosquitoes require water to complete Protecting Public Health Since 1927 their life cycle. Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by Early in the 1900s, Northern California suffered MISTAKEN FOR eliminating or managing standing water. through epidemics of encephalitis and malaria, and severe outbreaks of saltwater mosquitoes. At times, MOSQUITOES EGG RAFT parts of Contra Costa County were considered Most mosquitoes lay egg rafts uninhabitable resulting in the closure of waterfront that float on the water. Each areas and schools during peak mosquito seasons. raft contains up to 200 eggs. Recreational areas were abandoned and Realtors had trouble selling homes. The general economy Within a few days the eggs suffered. As a result, residents established the Contra hatch into larvae. Mosquito Costa Mosquito Abatement District which began egg rafts are the size of a grain service in 1927. of rice. Today, the Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector LARVA Control District continues to protect public health The larva or ÒwigglerÓ comes with environmentally sound techniques, reliable and to the surface to breathe efficient services, as well as programs to combat Contra Costa County is home to 23 species of through a tube called a emerging diseases, all while preserving and/or mosquitoes. There are also several types of insects siphon and feeds on bacteria enhancing the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Invertebrate Conservation
    WINGS ESSAYS ON INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION THE XERCES SOCIETY SPRING 2015 CONTENTS Roads are ubiquitous in the modern landscape. This issue of Wings examines some of the consequences they carry for insects and other invertebrates. Advocacy and Collaboration On Behalf of Invertebrate Conservation Scott Hoffman Black Page 3. Pollinator Conservation at Sixty Miles an Hour Jennifer Hopwood and Matthew Shepherd More than seventeen million acres of roadsides stretch across U.S. landscapes. Man- aged with care, these can provide habitat for invertebrates and other wildlife. Page 5. Blue Highways, Green Rockworms, Golden Stoneflies Celeste Searles Mazzacano Rainfall and snowmelt flowing off roads into rivers and streams can have negative impacts on aquatic invertebrates, but with care those can be mitigated. Page 10. The Butterfly and the Road Grader Scott Hoffman Black Maintenance on rural roads in Yamhill County, Oregon, has been changed to accom- modate the needs of an endangered butterfly and its caterpillar host plant. Page 16. Conservation Spotlight The Greater Atlanta Pollinator Partnership is becoming a model project for collabo- ration to address the needs of pollinators in urbanized landscapes. Page 22. Invertebrate Notes A roundup of new books and recent research. Page 24. Staff Profile Meet Jennifer Hopwood, Midwest senior pollinator conservation specialist. Page 26. Xerces News Updates on Xerces Society projects and successes. Page 27. 2 WINGS Advocacy and Collaboration On Behalf of Invertebrate Conservation Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society has always held an gressive or overtly political or tied to a interesting position at the intersection narrow mantra and consequently, are of advocacy and collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • Midge (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE and CERATOPOGONIDAE) Community Response to Canal Discharge Into Everglades National Park, Florida
    2008 Proceedings of the 16th International Chironomid Symposium 39 MIDGE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE AND CERATOPOGONIDAE) COMMUNITY RESPONSE to CANAL DISCHARGE Into EVERGLADES NatIONAL PARK, FLORIDA By RICHA R D E. JACOBS E N 1 With 3 figures and 2 tables ABSTRACT: Quantitative samples of chironomid and ceratopogonid midge pupal exuviae were collected along 4 nutrient gradients in Everglades National Park (ENP in order to determine midge community response to nutrient enrichment and identify possible indicators of water quality. Community abundance, species richness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity showed no consistent relationship with nutrient gradients. Eight species were significantly sensitive to sources of enrichment; 7 of these species were also sensitive to nutrient enrichment in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) studied in 2001. Seven species were significantly tolerant to, and more abundant with enrichment, but none of these species were significantly tolerant to enrichment in WCA-2A. This discrepancy in tolerant species probably reflects differences in species responses to low gradients in ENP versus the much steeper gradient in WCA-2A. RESUMO: Com o objectivo de determinar a resposta das comunidades de mosquitos ao enriquecimento de nutrientes e identificar eventuais indicadores de qualidade da água, foram colhidas amostras quantitativas de exúvias de pupas de quironomídeos e ceratopogonídeos ao longo de 4 gradientes de nutrientes provenientes de efluentes de canais, no Parque Nacional de Everglades (PNE). A abundância da comunidade, riqueza específica e o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, não revelaram uma relação consistente com a proximidade relativa aos efluentes dos canais. Oito espécies demonstraram ser significativamente mais sensíveis aos efluentes dos canais; Destas, 7 foram igualmente sensíveis ao enriquecimento de nutrientes na Área de Conservação da Água 2A (ACA-2A) estudada em 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2, Chapter 12-19: Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola-Diptera
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola – Diptera Nematocera 2. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. 12-19-1 Interactions. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. eBook last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 12-19 TERRESTRIAL INSECTS: HOLOMETABOLA – DIPTERA NEMATOCERA 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cecidomyiidae – Gall Midges ........................................................................................................................ 12-19-2 Mycetophilidae – Fungus Gnats ..................................................................................................................... 12-19-3 Sciaridae – Dark-winged Fungus Gnats ......................................................................................................... 12-19-4 Ceratopogonidae – Biting Midges .................................................................................................................. 12-19-6 Chironomidae – Midges ................................................................................................................................. 12-19-9 Belgica .................................................................................................................................................. 12-19-14 Culicidae – Mosquitoes ................................................................................................................................ 12-19-15 Simuliidae – Blackflies
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioluminescence in Insect
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(3): 187-193 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.022 Bioluminescence in Insect I. Yimjenjang Longkumer and Ram Kumar* Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-848125, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Bioluminescence is defined as the emission of light from a living organism K e yw or ds that performs some biological function. Bioluminescence is one of the Fireflies, oldest fields of scientific study almost dating from the first written records Bioluminescence , of the ancient Greeks. This article describes the investigations of insect Luciferin luminescence and the crucial role imparted in the activities of insect. Many Article Info facets of this field are easily accessible for investigation without need for Accepted: advanced technology and so, within the History of Science, investigations 04 February 2018 of bioluminescence played a significant role in the establishment of the Available Online: scientific method, and also were among the many visual phenomena to be 10 March 2018 accounted for in developing a theory of light. Introduction Bioluminescence (BL) serves various purposes, including sexual attraction and When a living organism produces and emits courtship, predation and defense (Hastings and light as a result of a chemical reaction, the Wilson, 1976). This process is suggested to process is known as Bioluminescence - bio have arisen after O2 appearance on Earth at means 'living' in Greek while `lumen means least 30 different times during evolution, as 'light' in Latin.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Kjaerandsen Sciaroidea WIP.Pdf
    Species recognition trade-off between structural wing colours and terminalia in fungus gnats ? J. Kjaerandsen Museum of Zoology Lund University Sweden Structural colours in flies Reflective scales in Diptera – Mosquitoes: Toxorhynchites manicatus (Japan) Reflective body scales in fungus gnats – only in the genus Allactoneura ? Hymenoptera: Eulophidae PhD student Ekaterina Shevtsova Wings imbedded in a medium or studied on a white background will not display their structural colours Slide with wings embedded in Canada balsam Dry specimens studied on a pure white background Mycetophilidae: Rymosia fasciata Keroplatidae: Proceroplatus scalprifera WIPs — Wing Interference Patterns i for interference Bolitophila occlusa Hybotidae: Ocydromia glabricula Cordyla sp. (California) Exechia nugatoria Photo: “Klaas” at Diptera.info, 2008 (= nigroscutellata) (California) Photos: Peter Kerr, 2008 My photo of the same species’ WIP Photos of structural wing colours on internet WIPs — Wing Interference Patterns i for interference • — Genetics of pigment patterns • — Thin Film Interference • — Newton Scale Metering • — Exechiini • — Lygistorrhinidae • — Keroplatidae • — The trade-off Pigmentation in brown, yellow and black: Spatiotemporally regulated by yellow and ebony MELANINS Leia Proceroplatus (Japan) (New Caledonia) Scientists unlock mystery of animal colour patterns Genetic April 22 control of pigment 2010 patterns T. Werner, S. Koshikawa, T. M. Williams, S. B. Carroll, Nature 464, 1143 (2010) Pigments are only a part of the ”mystery of wing colour
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Ecology Symposium '97: Lloyd
    Behavioral Ecology Symposium ’97: Lloyd 261 ON RESEARCH AND ENTOMOLOGICAL EDUCATION II: A CONDITIONAL MATING STRATEGY AND RESOURCE- SUSTAINED LEK(?) IN A CLASSROOM FIREFLY (COLEOPTERA: LAMPYRIDAE; PHOTINUS) JAMES E. LLOYD Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 ABSTRACT The Jamaican firefly Photinus pallens (Fabricius) offers many opportunities and advantages for students to study insect biology in the field, and do research in taxon- omy and behavioral ecology; it is one of my four top choices for teaching. The binomen may hide a complex of closely related species and an interesting taxonomic problem. The P. pallens population I observed gathers in sedentary, flower-associated swarms which apparently are sustained by the flowers. Males and females remained together on the flowers for several hours before overt sexual activity began, and then pairs cou- pled quickly and without combat or display. Males occasionally joined and left the swarm, some flying and flashing over an adjacent field in a manner typical of North American Photinus species. Key Words: Lampyridae, Photinus, mating behavior, ecology RESUMEN La luciérnaga jamaiquina Photinus pallens (Fabricius) brinda muchas oportunida- des y ventajas a estudiantes para el estudio de la biología de los insectos en el campo y para la investigación sobre taxonomía y también sobre ecología del comportamiento; es una de las cuatro opciones principales elegidas para mi enseñanza. Este nombre bi- nomial puede que incluya un complejo de especies cercanamente relacionadas, que es un problema taxonómico interesante. La población de P. pallens que observé se reune en grupos sedentarios asociados con flores los cuales son aparentemente mantenidos por dichas flores.
    [Show full text]