Project Black & Gray Vs Blues & Green
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PROJECT: BLACK & GRAY VS BLUES & GREEN Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources DOCUMENT PRODUCED BY Responsible Organisation Author(s) Local Development Agency (Macedonia) From Albania: Spase Shumka, Entela Pinguli, Arian Merolli, Robert Damo Europartners Development (Albania) From Macedonia: Boris Stojanoski, Martina Eco Partners for Sustainable Development Blinkova -financed by the EU. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained in. Τhe Programme is co Study: Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Page 1 Table of Content List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements Project description 1. The study: Use of the natural resources in the project area 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Aim and objectives of the study 2. Methodological approach 2.1. Method 2.1.1. The method’s advantages 3. The threat assessment analyses 3.1. Description of the project area 4. Legislation Framework 4.1. Legal framework Albania 4.2. Legal framework Macedonia 4.3. Stakeholders 4.4. Analysing of the relevant stakeholders on forest, water and agriculture 4.5. Current governance structure in the project area 4.5.1. Governance structure in Albania 4.5.2. Governance structure in Macedonia 5. Assessment of the natural resources management in the protected area and the related institutional framework 5.1. Assessment of values in Albanian site of the lake watershed 5.1.1. Ecological values and biodiversity 5.1.2. Assessment of natural resources management 5.2. Ecological, and biodiversity values of the Ohrid Lake 5.3. Socio-economic values, structure, income and employment, agri-businesses 5.4. Assessment of the Institutional Framework 5.5. Assessment of ecological and socio-economic threats 5.6. Ecological threats 6. Ecosystem approach to Natural Resources Management in Ohrid Lake Watershed Basin 6.1. Vision and objectives (Long and short-term management objectives) 6.2. Principles and definition for an effective management of forest ecosystems, water resources and crop production 6.3. The objectives of management of land, water and living resources are a matter of societal choice. Services should be a priority target of the ecosystem approach. 6.4. Management should be decentralized to the lowest appropriate level. 6.5. Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintain ecosystem and Ecosystems must be managed within effective and adaptive one. Study: Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Page 2 6.6. The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales and objectives for ecosystem management should be set for the long term. 6.7. Management must recognize that change is inevitable. 6.8. The ecosystem approach should intend appropriate balance between an integration of, and conservation and use of biodiversity. 6.9. The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices. The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices. 7. Management actions for Protected Landscape Area, land use and water system 7.1. Strengthen the protected area management system, through ecosystem services approach 7.2. Strengthen habitat and biodiversity conservation for understanding ecosystem approach and sustainable resources utilization 7.3. Management of point and diffuse sources of pollution at the Ohrid Lake watershed scale 8. Develop effective Land Use Practices at the watershed scale 8.1. Develop the recreational and touristic uses Recommendations References Annexes Study: Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Page 3 List of Abbreviations APA Administration of Protected Area CFM Community Forest management CPUE Catch per Unit Effort DCM Decision Council of Ministers DFB Directorate of Forest and Biodiversity DFS Directory of Forestry Services FCRP Fire Control and Rescue Police FMO Fishery Management Organisation FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia HBIO Hydro biological Institute Ohrid HM Hunting Manager IoM Inspectorate of Mining IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KRWM Korça Regional Waste Management Association LA Lake Administration LOCP Lake Ohrid Conservation Project LOMB Lake Ohrid Management Board LOWC Lake Ohrid Watershed Committee MAFWE Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water economy MARDWA Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration MC Management Committee MH Ministry of Health M&E Monitoring and Evaluation METS Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet MoE Ministry of Environment MoESP Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning MP Management Plan MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure MTC Ministry of Transport and Communication MUDT Ministry of Urban Development and Tourism NEA National Environmental Agency NP National Park NPS Non point sources NUCI National Urban and Construction Inspectorate PA Protected Areas PL Protected Landscape PME Participatory monitoring and evaluation PS Point sources PTATPLA Pogradec Terrestrial/Aquatic Territory Protected Landscape Area REA Regional Environmental Agency RM Republic of Macedonia SAC Special Areas of Conservation SI State Inspectoriat SIEFWF S State Inspectorate of Environment, Forest, Water and Fishery WB World Bank WFD Water Framework Directive (of the European Union) WRM Water Resources Management Study: Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Page 4 Acknowledgements Blue& Green vs Black & Grey’ project is lead by “Local Development Agency” in Macedonia in partnership with “Europartners Development” and “ECO Partners for Sustainable Development” from Albania, who have been directly involved with the preparation of this study. The project team composed of different experts on the field of water, forest and agriculture in both countries prepared this study research aiming at understanding problems and challenges related to the management of water, forest, land use and agriculture, ecological and socio- economic analyses, current governance structure in the territory of Ohrid lake and its watershed. The project team in Albania included independent experts such as Dr. Spase Shumka from AUT, Entela Pinguli from “ECO Partners for sustainable Development”, Arjan Merolli from the Secretariat of the Ohrid conservation management office in Pogradec, and Dr. Robert Damo from Department of Agriculture in University of Korca. In Macedonia the following experts were involved in the preparation of the study: Boris Stojanoski from the Environmental organization “Grashnica”, Ohrid, Martina Blinkova from the environmental consultancy house from Skopje. The Macedonian study team would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr .Ivan Blinkov from the Faculty of Forestry, University “Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje and Prof. Trajche Talevski from the Hydrobiological Institute from Ohrid Approximately 120 different local stakeholders related to the main directions of this research such as water management, forestry and agriculture contributed to the outcomes of the research through the assessment process which included about the analyses of 60 questionnaires in Albania 60 in Macedonia, stakeholder’s meeting in Pogradec, Struga and Ohrid several individual meetings, which contributed to the shape of the recommendations of this study. Study: Integrated Ecosystem Approach for the Lake Ohrid Basin as a Tool for Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Page 5 Project description The Local Development Agency (LDA) from Struga, Macedonia in cooperation with the partners EuroPartners Development and Eco Partners for Sustainable Development from Albania are the main implementers of the project “BLUE and GREEN versus BLACK and GRAY”. Project has started in September 2013 and will last for about 20 months until April 2015. The overall objective of the project is to facilitate effective and responsible use of the natural resources in the cross-border region around the Ohrid Lake, thus enhancing the sustainable development in the area. This cross-border initiative is enhancing the effective and responsible use of the natural resources through collaboration of the relevant stakeholders in the cross border area of Ohrid Lake basin. Project stakeholders in this project include communities from the Ohrid Lake transboundary area, in particular: farmers and villagers of 4 villages in Macedonia: Velgoshti, Veleshta, Kosel and Labunishta (14 000 inhabitants in total) and 4 villages in Albania (12 000 inhabitants in total); local authorities in the field of environment, forestry, agriculture and water management as well as the local CSOs. The project intends to raise awareness and knowledge of the local stakeholders to contribute towards reducing problems which endanger the Ohrid Lake due to unsustainable use and management of natural resources. The project activities are needs driven and focused on ensuring the best interest of the project’s final beneficiaries which are the local relevant stakeholders which the project team has identified from the