ER 19 9 6 DWORSHAK DAM IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND FISHERIES INVESTIGATION
Kokanee Depth Distribution in Dworshak Reservoir and Implications Toward Minimizing Entrainment
Annual Report 1994
BONNEVILLE This report was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), U.S. Department of Energy, as part of BPA's program to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife affected by the development and operation of hydroelectric facilities on the Columbia River and its tributaries. The views in this report are the author's and do not necessarily represent the views of BPA.
DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
For additional copies of this report, write to:
Bonneville Power Administration Public Information Center - CKPS-1 P.O. Box 3621 Portland, OR 97208
Please include title, author, and DOE/BP number from the back cover in the request. DWORSHAK DAM IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND FISHERIES INVESTIGATION
KOKANEE DEPTH DISTRIBUTION IN DWORSHAK RESERVOIR AND IMPLICATIONS TOWARD MINIMIZING ENTRAINMENT
ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT PERIOD COVERED: JANUARY - DECEMBER 1994
Prepared by:
Melo A. Maiolie Principal Fisheries Research Biologist
and
Steve Elam Senior Fisheries Technician
Idaho Department of Fish and Game Boise, Idaho 83707
Prepared for:
U.S. Department of Energy Bonneville Power Administration Environment, Fish and Wildlife P.O. Box 3621 Portland, OR 97208-3621
IDFG 9621 Project Number 87-99 Contract Number DE-AI79-87BP35167
OCTOBER 1996
DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT fS UNLIMITED DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ..
INTRODUCTION
STUDY AREA . .
GOAL
OBJECTIVE . .
METHODS
Hydroacoustic Equipment 4 Forebay Surveys 7 Reservoir-Wide Surveys , 7
RESULTS ... 9
Kokanee Depth Distribution . . . . . 9 Temperatures 9 Age 0 Kokanee Distribution 13 Water Withdrawal Options 13
DISCUSSION 16
Selective Withdrawal 16
Age 0 Kokanee Distribution 16
CONCLUSIONS 17
RECOMMENDATIONS '. 17
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 19
LITERATURE CITED ... ^ . . 20
CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Dworshak Reservoir and major tributaries, North Fork
Clearwater River, Idaho ". 3
Figure 2. Elevation of Dworshak Reservoir, Idaho, 1988 to 1994 .... 5
Figure 3. Discharge from Dworshak Dam, Idaho, 1985 to 1994 6
Figure 4. Hydroacoustic transects used for intensive forebay area surveys of kokanee distribution 8 Figure 5. Nighttime vertical distribution of fish directly in front of Dworshak Dam, October 1993 to December 1994. One hundred percent band shows depth distribution of all fish, 70% and 90% band show distribution of that proportion of the population 10
Figure 6. Daytime vertical distribution of fish directly in front of Dworshak Dam, October 1993 to December 1994. Band shows depth distribution of 70% of the population 11
Figure 7. Isopleths of temperature for the lower end of Dworshak Reservoir, October 1993 to December 1994 12.
Figure 8. Number of traces (returned echos) from small fish (-60 to -51 db) throughout the length of Dworshak Reservoir. River kilometer 2 is Dworshak Dam 14
Figure 9. Possible elevation where water could be withdrawn from Dworshakc Reservoir, Idaho 15
CONTENTS LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A. List of echosounder settings used during hydroacoustic surveys of Dworshak Reservoir . 21
Appendix B. Monthly depth distributions of kokanee in front of Dworshak Dam during the day and at night, depth of water withdrawal (cross hatched area), possible depth of water withdrawal (shaded box), amount of discharge at the time of the survey, and temperature profile in the forebay 26
CONTENTS iii ABSTRACT
We measured the day and night depth distribution of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi directly upstream of Dworsbak Dam from October 1993 to December 1994 using split-beam hydroacoustics. At night most kokanee (70%) were distributed in a diffuse layer about 10 m thick. The depth of the layer varied with the season and ranged from 30 to 40 m deep during winter and from 15 to 25 m deep during summer. Nighttime depth of the kokanee layer during summer roughly corresponded to a zone where water temperatures ranged from 7°C to 12°C. .
Daytime kokanee distribution was much different with kokanee located in dense schools. Most kokanee (70%) were found in a 5-15 m thick layer during summer. Daytime depth distribution was also shallowest during fall and deepest during winter.
Dworshak Dam has structures which can be used for selective water withdrawal and can function in depth ranges that will avoid the kokanee layer. Temperature constraints limit the use of selective withdrawal during the spring, summer, and fall, but in the winter, water is nearly isothermal and the full range of selector gate depths may be utilized.
From October 1993 to February 1994, selector gates were positioned to withdraw water from above the kokanee layer. The discharge pattern also changed with more water being released during May and July, and less water being released during fall and winter. A combination of these two changes is thought to have increased kokanee densities to a record high of 69 adults/ha".
Authors:
Melo A. Maiolie Principal Fisheries Research Biologist
Steve Elam Senior Fisheries Technician
ANNREP94
•V^- i,', INTRODUCTION
Fisheries for kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi in the Pacific Northwest are very popular (Wydoski and Bennett 1981; Rieman and Myers 1992). Kokanee feed low on the food chain and may reach densities in excess of 150 harvestable- sized fish/ha even in relatively sterile waters (Maiolie et-al. 1991). They also appear to be an ideal fish in fluctuating reservoirs since they rear in the open pelagic zone and some strains spawn in tributary streams away from the potential impacts of water level fluctuations.
Kokanee, however, have one potentially serious drawback. In many reservoirs and lakes, kokanee tend to emigrate or become entrained in large numbers. Entrapment losses have been documented at Libby Reservoir in Montana, and Dworshak Reservoir in Idaho (Don Skarr, personal communication, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Maiolie et al. 1993). At Dworshak Reservoir, entrainment losses have been high enough that the river below the dam has been opened to a salvage fishery which allows the netting of dead,and dying fish. Entrainment losses of kokanee, predominately age 1, appeared to be driving the fishery in Dworshak Reservoir. Years with high discharge have been correlated with lower kokanee populations in the reservoir (Maiolie and Elam 1993).
In this study we used mobile split-beam hydroacoustics to determine the depth distribution of kokanee in the area upstream of Dworshak Dam, Idaho. Our hope was to use the selector gates and reservoir outlets on Dworshak Dam to withdraw water from depth strata that would avoid concentrations of kokanee thereby reducing losses. We also measured temperatures throughout the water column to determine if selective water withdrawal would conflict with downstream temperature considerations.
STUDY AREA
Dworshak Dam is located on the North Fork of the Clearwater River 3.2 km upstream from its confluence with the mainstem (Figure 1). The dam is about 5.2 km northeast of Orofino in Clearwater County, Idaho. At 219 m tall, it is the largest straight-axis concrete dam in the United States. Three turbines within the dam have a total operating capacity of 450 megawatts. Water can be discharged from the reservoir through the turbines, spill gates, or reservoir outlets on the spillway.
ANNREP94 kllomatars from confluanca
llmnologicil sampling •tatlon
Olekt Cr
Dworshak Reservoir
Figure 1. Dwdrshak Reservoir and major tributaries, North Fork Clearwater River, Idaho. Dworshak Reservoir is 86.2 km long and has,295 km of mostly steep shoreline. Maximum depth is 194 m with a corresponding volume of 4.28 billion m3 at full pool. Surface area when full is 6,644 ha and mean depth is 56 m. It contains about 5,400 ha of kokanee habitat (defined as the area over 15.2 m deep) depending on pool elevation. Mean annual outflow is 162 m3/s. The reservoir has a mean retention time of 10.2 months. Retention time is variable depending on precipitation and has ranged from 22 months in 1973 to 6 months during 1974 (Falter 1982). Drawdowns of 47 m reduce surface area as much as 52% (3,663 ha). Dworshak Reservoir initially reached full pool on July 3, 1973.
The magnitude and timing of Dworshak Reservoir drawdown changes annually depending on the need for flood control or power production. During the summer of 1994, the pool elevation dropped markedly between May and August as water was released to augment summertime flows in the lower Clearwater and Snake rivers (Figures 2 and 3). The reservoir was then held stable throughout the fall and winter.
GOAL
To maximize the sport fishery potential of Dworshak Reservoir.
OBJECTIVE
To reduce the entrainment losses of kokanee so that densities of 30 to 50 adult kokanee/ha can be maintained on an annual basis.
METHODS
Hvdroacoustic Equipment
We used a Simrad EY500 split-beam scientific echosounder with a 120 kHz transducer to document the depth distribution of kokanee upstream of Dworshak Dam. Echograms collected in the field were later analyzed using Simrad EP500 software, versjons 4.0 and 4.5. Boat speed was 1.5 to 2.3 m/s. The echosounder was set to ping at 0.7 s intervals, with a pulse width of 0.3 milliseconds. Appendix A contains a complete list of echosounder settings.
ANNREP94 1600 r 488
1575 -
1550 13
1525
1500 -
1475 449 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun JCil Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
+ 1989 -$-1990 «1991 X1992 +1993 ^1994 Month
Figure 2. Elevation of Dworshak Reservoir, Idaho, 1988 to 1994. 600 1987 . 1988 1989 S> 1990 05 O to 1994 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUS SEP OCT NOV DEC Month
Figure 3. Discharge from Dworshak Dam, Idaho, 1985 to 1994.
6 We calibrated the echosounder at the beginning of the year using a 23 mm copper calibration sphere with a target strength of about -40.4 db (decibels), depending on temperature. This allowed the echosounder to compensate the returned signal based on the degrees off-axis for a given target. We also checked the calibration of the echosounder prior, to each monthly survey, and adjusted the transducer gains if needed.
Forebav Surveys
A series of seven transects, perpendicular to the axis of the dam, were surveyed during the middle of each month from October 1993 through December 1994 (Figure 4). Surveys were conducted during the day and at night. These transects covered the entire width of the reservoir, beginning and ending at the 10 m depth contour and were uniformly spaced. We piloted the boat by visual landmarks, compass headings, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) locations, and/or radar. One transect was directly in line with, the center of the dam structure. This transect was used to characterize the kokanee depth distribution (all transects had very similar distribution patterns).
From December 1993 to June 1994, we extended our surveys inside the log boom to include the area immediately in front of the turbine intakes. We found the noise generated by the turbines prohibited accurate hydroacoustic identification of kokanee so these surveys were discontinued.
We measured temperature profiles of the reservoir near the dam in conjunction with the hydroacoustic surveys. We used a Yellow Springs Instrument Company temperature/oxygen probe to measure temperatures to a depth of 60 m by 1 m intervals.
Echograms were divided into 5 m depth intervals from the surface to a depth of 80 m. EP-500 software, versions 4.0 and 4.5, were used to determine the percent of the population in each 5 m band. All targets between -57 db and -33 db were used in determining depth distributions.
Reservoir-Wide Surveys
We conducted reservoir-wide surveys to document the movement of young- of-the-year kokanee down the reservoir from the headwaters to the vicinity of the dam. Transects were surveyed at 3.2 km (2 mile) intervals throughout the length of the reservoir during the night, monthly, between May and August. A different
ANNREP94 7 DWORSHAK RESERVOIR
N
Figure 4. Hydroacoustic transects used for intensive forebay area surveys of kokanee distribution.
8 survey design was conducted in July when hydroacoustic surveys were paired with mid-water trawling. Sixteen paired trawling and hydroacoustic surveys were run parallel with the long axis of the reservoir from the dam to the headwaters.
Age 0 kokanee were defined as fish with a target strength of -60 decibels (db) to -51 db. Survey data were collected with a 40 log r (range) gain setting. We later determined these data could not be used to calculate fish density estimates. Therefore we expressed the relative abundance of age 0 kokanee on each transect by calculating the number of traces (returned signals from fish) received during a standards min survey (429 pings).
RESULTS
Kokanee Depth Distribution
At night, most kokanee. were in a narrow layer approximately 10 to 20 m thick (Figure 5, Appendix B). We characterized this layer by plotting the depth where 70% of the fish signals occurred. Depth of this layer varied from 15 to 45 m deep throughout the year with kokanee being the deepest during January and February 1994. The depth distribution of 100% of the fish was much thicker; up to 70 m from the shallowest to deepest fish. Fish covered a much narrower depth range in the summer and spread more widely during the winter (Figure 5).
During the day fish were very tightly schooled with some transects showing no fish. Daytime fish distribution showed two distinct patterns. During July, August, September, and October, fish were located in the top 25 m of water (Appendix B; Figure 6). Daytime distribution in January, February, April, November, and December showed fish split.into two groups; one shallow group above 40 m and a deeper, group below 45 m (Figure 6; Appendix B).
' Temperatures
We classified the forebay of Dworshak Reservoir as warm monomictic based on its temperature stratification (Wetzel 1975). The water column was nearly isothermal between January and March 1994, with temperatures between 4°C and 5°C (Figure 7). Between May and October, the reservoir was thermally stratified. Temperatures in the metalimnion ranged from 10°C to 18°C. Surface temperatures peaked at 24°C during August. Thus, during summer, kokanee could select for water temperatures anywhere from 4°C to 24°C.
ANNREP94 Q. Q
-80 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Figure 5. Nighttime vertical distribution of fish directly in.front of Dworshak Dam, October 1993 to December 1994. One hundred percent band shows depth distribution of all fish, 70% and 90% band show distribution of that proportion of the population.
10 -80 I II 1,1 I II I I I I I I Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Month
Figure 6. Daytime vertical distribution of fish directly in front of Dworshak Dam, October 1993 to December 1994. Band shows depth distribution of 70% of the population.
11 -80 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUGSEP OCTNOV DEC Month
Figure 7. Isopleths of temperature for trie lower end of Dworshak Reservoir, October 1993 to December 1994:
12 Age 0 Kokanee Distribution
We plotted the distribution of age 0 kokanee (all signals with a target strength between -60 db and -51 db) for each of the reservoir-wide surveys (Figure 8). At least some small targets were detected throughout the reservoir in each of the surveys. During June we noted a large increase in small targets above river kilometer (rkm) 55 (Figure 8). By July small targets had moved down the reservoir to about rkm 40, and by August they had moved down to about rkm 15.
We also documented the distribution of age 0 .kokanee by mid-water trawling (Fredericks et al. 1995). Trawling substantiated echosounder findings"in that age 0 kokanee were primarily found in the upper half of the reservoir above rkm 45 during July. No age 0 kokanee were netted between the dam and rkm 35.
Water Withdrawal Options
Five routes exist for discharging water from the dam. Each route operates over a finite range of depths (Figure 9). The top of the selector gate, on each of three penstock intakes, could be set between 475 and 447 m (1,560 and 1,465 ft) elevation above mean sea level (msl). At this range of settings, water would flow over the top of the gate. The top of the gate must be at least 12m below the reservoir's surface during operation. Alternately, the gates could be raised and water would flow into penstocks 1 and 2 at an elevation of about 433 m (1,420 ft), and penstock 3 at an elevation of 430 rri (1,412 ft). A flow of 283 m3/s (10,000 ft3/s) can be withdrawn through the. turbines.
Water could be withdrawn from the spill gates between elevations of 488 m (1,600 ft) and 471 m (1,545 ft). Lastly, reservoir outlets on the spillway could be opened to discharge up to 425 m3/s (15,000 ff^/s) at an elevation of 415 m (1,361 ft).
The surface of the reservoir may fluctuate as much as 47 m during the course of a year. Reservoir elevations below 471 m renders the spillway gates inoperable. Reservoir elevations below 457 m (1,500 ft) renders the selector gates inoperable. Also, water will always be withdrawn through the turbine intakes as a first priority. If flows exceed 283 rrrVsec (10,000 ft3/s) then an additional route will be required.
ANNREP94 13
>.•,?•./- -••'•• •August A •July y' •June •May A .*" y y' o
CD y' 2 •*-« CD | y' y' 1 3 Figure 8. Number of traces (returned echos) from small fish (-60 to -51 db) throughout the length of Dworshak Reservoir. River kilometer 2 is Dworshak Dam. . .- 14 488 1600 - 1550 3 to co ao 3 •d S - 1500 £ '2 - 1450 3 .2 to - 1400 411 1350 Turbine 1 Turbine 3 Reservoir outlets Turbine'2 Spillway gates Figure 9. Possible elevation where water could be withdrawn from Dworshak Reservoir, Idaho. . , 15 •:";- -r -;" V*-- ." .•••;.••.' . -T DISCUSSION Selective Withdrawal Kokanee showed a rather consistent pattern from month to month in their vertical distribution during 1994 (Figures 5 and 6). The depths of kokanee were such that water could be withdrawn from above or below most of the fish during most of the year depending on reservoir elevation (Figure 9). During summer, Dworshak Reservoir was found to be thermally stratified. Water was released from the metalimnion to keep the North'Fork of the Clearwater River cool, which was needed for optimum fish production in the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (DNFH). Currently, all the water used in the- outside raceways at DNFH comes directly from the river. Therefore there was no opportunity to use selective withdrawal to avoid kokanee entrainment during summer. Water in the reservoir was nearly isothermal during winter. Thus, selective withdrawal was used to avoid fish entrainment with little impact to water temperatures at DNFH. -Water was withdrawn from above the 70% kokanee layer during the winter of 1993-94 (Figures 5 and 6). Also, the reservoir outlets were used during May 1994 to withdraw deep water rather than using the shallower spill gates. Adult kokanee abundance in 1994 reached a record high of 308,000 fish, and age 1 abundance also reached a record high of 984,000 fish (Fredericks et al. 1995). Our objective was to reach an adult density of 30-50 kokanee/ha. In 1994, we exceeded this amount with 69 adult kokanee/ha. Exceeding this objective caused adult kokanee to decline to a modal length of 230 mm in July. We encountered one potential problem in using selective withdrawal when the reservoir elevation was low. The selector gates could not be used if the reservoir dropped below 457 m msl (1,500 feet). The selector gates had to remain at least 12m below the reservoir's surface or the pressure of the reservoir's water could damage the gates. During December 1994, the reservoir elevation was 454 m (1,488 ft msl) and the selector gates could not be used to avoid the kokanee layer. Age 0 Kokanee Distribution Most of Dworshak Reservoir's kokanee spawn in the North Fork of the Clearwater River and its tributaries above the reservoir. Kokanee fry would be ANNREP94 16 expected to emerge during May and June. Fry would then travel downstream to the reservoir and then down the reservoir to the dam. Our reservojr-wide surveys indicted that high numbers of age 0 kokanee did not reach the dam until after August 18, 1994. Also, the bulk of this cohort were still above rkm 18 during August. This would imply that entrainment of age 0 kokanee would be minor until after August. The shifting of the release of some of the reservoir's water from late fall (August to November) to mid-summer (May and July), as they did in 1994, could have caused a substantial increase in survival of fry. This is likely to be one of the main reasons for the increase in kokanee abundance. Our trawling revealed that very few age 0 kokanee were in the lower third of the reservoir in July. We did, however, find some small targets there during hydrbacoustic surveys. Possibly these small targets were age 1 kokanee not age 0. But, we were unable to avoid this apparent problem even by reducing the signal strength used to define age 0 kokanee (signals were lowered to -60 to -54 db). Averaging the returned signals from each fish (trace tracking) also did not eliminate these small targets. Another possibility was that the hydroacoustic surveys could have been showing small debris or insects that were small enough to pass through the trawl net. CONCLUSIONS Based on results from 1993 and 1994, we are optimistic that the project objective can be met. Water can be withdrawn from the dam at depths which will avoid most of the kokanee. Current temperature considerations limit the use of selective withdrawal to winter and spring when water in the reservoir is nearly isothermal. Using selective water withdrawal from October to February, along with the change from fall drawdowns to mid-summer drawdowns, appeared-to be capable of minimizing kokanee entrainment sufficient to meet or exceed our objective. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. We recommend the Corps of Engineers continue to use the selector gates and reservoir outlets on Dworshak Dam to minimize kokanee entrainment losses. This may greatly enhance future fisheries. Continued use of the gates during different water years and discharge patterns will greatly aid our understanding of entrainment losses. ANNREP94 17 2. Trawling should be conducted annually to determine changes in kokanee abundance that are attributable to dam operation. 3. Studies should be undertaken to determine if selective water withdrawal impacts reservoir productivity arid fish growth. 4. Data on the use of selective withdrawal should be incorporated into a series of "rule curves." These should then be meshed with the other operating criteria of the dam to begin the development of integrated rule curves for Dworshak Reservoir. 5. The entrainment rate of kokanee should be measured at various selector .gate positions to determine their effectiveness at avoiding losses. This would require installing fixed location hydroacoustics on at least one turbine intake. 6. A study should be undertaken to develop temperature, criteria for the dam's discharge water. The study should define the optimum temperature ranges, throughout the year, to meet the needs of the hatchery, resident fish and anadromous fish. Having a defined temperature range would simplify options of selector gates settings. ANNREP94 • - 18 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Bonneville Power Administration and contracting officer Charlie Craig for funding this study. We also wish to thank Bob Johnson of Battelle's Pacific Northwest Laboratories for helping us get started with the hydroacoustic surveys. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was very helpful for making the recommended selector gate changes. Jim Fredericks, Tim Cochnauer, Ed Schriever, John Der Hovanisian, and Al Van Vooren edited copies of this report. Their help was greatly appreciated. ANNREP94 19 LITERATURE CITED Falter, CM. 1982. Limnology of Dworshak Reservoir in a low flow year. U.S. • Army Corps of Engineers. Walla Walla, Washington. Fredericks, J.P., M.A. Maiolie, S. Elam. 1995. Kokanee impacts assessment and monitoring on Dworshak Reservoir, Idaho. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Annual Progress Report for Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon. Maiolie, M.A., N. Horner, J. Davis, 1991. Regional Fisheries Management Investigations. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Job Performance Report, Project F-71-R-14, Job 1-b, Boise. Maiolie, M.A., D.P. Statler, and S. Elam. 1993. Dworshak Dam impact assessment and fishery investigation and trout, bass, and forage species. Combined Project Completion Report. U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Project Nos. 87-99 and 87-407. Portland, Oregon. Maiolie, M.A., and S. Elam. 1993. Dworshak Dam impacts assessment and fisheries investigation. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Annual Progress Report for Bonneville Power Administration, Project No. 87-99. Portland, Oregon. Rieman, B.E., and D.L. Myers. 1992. Influence of fish density and relative productivity on growth of kokanee in ten oligotrophic lakes and reservoirs in Idaho. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121:178-191. Wydoski, R.S., and D.H. Bennett. 1981. Forage species in lakes and reservoirs of the western United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 110:764-771. Wetzel, R.G. 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ANNREP94 20 Appendix A. List of echosounder settings used during hydroacoustic surveys of Dworshak Reservoir. ANNREP94 21 Settings for hydroacoustic transceiver. Operation Menu Ping Mode Normal Ping Auto Start Off Ping Interval 0.7s Disk Menu Log Off Max File Size 1-2Mb Telegram Menu Status Off Parameter On Annotation On Navigation On Depth On - Echogram On Echo-trace On Sv Off Sample Angle Off • Sample Power Off Sample Sv Off Sample Ts Off Vessel-Log On Layer On Integrator . On TS Distribution On Echogram Menu Range 100 m Range Start 0 m Auto Range Off Bottom Range 0 m Bot. Range Start 0 m No. of Main Val. 250 No. of Bot. Val. 75 TVG 40 log R Display Menu Colour Set Light, Dark Event Marker Off Echogram Speed 1:1 Echogram On Echogram Menu Echogram Menu Transd. Number 1 Range 100 m Range Start 0 m Auto Range Off Bottom Range 0 m Bot. Range Start 0 m Bot. Range Pres. - Off 22 Sub. Bottom Gam O.OdB/m Presentation Normal TVG - 40 log R Scale Lines 10 Bot. Det. Line On Layer Lines On Integration Line Off TS Colour Min. - -50, -65 Sv Colour Min. -70, -60 Printer Menu Navig. Interval o Event Marker -.' Off Annotation Off Naut. Mile Marker Off TS Distribution Off Integr. Tables - Off Echogram Speed' 1:1 Echogram Off Echogram Menu Echogram Menu Transd. Number 1 Range 100 m Range Start 0 m Auto Range Off Bottom Range 10m Bot. Range Start 5 m Bot. Range Pres. Off Sub. Bottom Gain 0.0 dB/m Presentation Normal ' TVG 40 log R Scale Lines 10 Bot. Det. Line On Layer Lines Off Integration Line Off TS Colour Min. - -50, -65 dB Sv Colour Min. -60, -70 dB Transceiver Menu 120 kHz . Mode Active ^ Transducer Depth .5, .53'm . Transd. Sequence Off v Absorption Coef. 38,0 dBkm Pulse Lenth Medium Bandwith- Wide Max. Power 63 W 2-Way Beam Angle -18.5 dB Sv Transd. Gain -23.0, -27.6dB TS Transd. Gam , -23.0, -27.6dB Angle Sensitiv. 17.0 3 dB Beamwidth 10.7 dg Alongship Offset -' 0.04 dg Athw.ship Offset -0.05'dg 23 Bottom Detection Menu Minimum Depth 0.0 m Maximum Depth 0,300 m Min. Depth Alarm ' 0.0 m Max. Depth Alarm 0 m Bottom Lost Al. Off Minimum Level -50 dB Log Menu Mode Off Ping Interval 100 Time Interval 60,240 sec Dist. Interval 1.0,.5nm Simulator Speed 5.0 knt Distance 0.0,2.5 Layer Menu Super Layer 10 Layer-X Menu Type Pelagic Range 10m Range Start 0,90 m Margin 1 m Sv Threshold -60,-80 dB TS Detection Menu Min. Value -50,-65 SB Min. Echo Length 0.8 Max. Echo Length. 1.8 Max. Gain Comp. 4.0 Max. Phase Dev. 2.0,4.0 Serial Com. Menu Telegram Menu • Format Binary Modem Control On Remote Control On Status Off Parameter On ^Annotation Off Navigation Off Depth Off Echogram Off Echo-Trace Off Sv Off Vessel Log Off Layer Off Integrator Off TS Distribution Off USARTMenu Baudrate 9600 Bits Per Char. 8 24 Stop Bits 1 Parity None Echogram Menu Range 100 m Range Start 0 m Auto Range Off Bottom Range 15m Bot. Range Start 10m- No. Of MainVal. 250 No. Of Bot. Val. ; 75 TVG 40 log R Annotation Menu Event,Counter 0 Time Interval 0 min Text Navigation Menu Start Sequence $.GPGLL Separation Char. 002C Stop Character 000D First Field No. 2 No. of Fields 4 Baudrate 4800 Bits Per Char. 8 Stop Bits 1 Parity None Utility TVlenu -^ . . Beeper " On Status Messages On Date yy.mm.dd Time - hh.mm.ss Password 0 Default Setting No Sound Velocity 1420,1488 m/s COM 1/C0M2 Switch Off Test Menu . - Message Transceiver Version 4.01 Scope Simrad 25 Appendix B. Monthly depth distributions of kokanee in front of Dworshak Dam during the day and at night,, depth of water withdrawal (cross hatched area), possible depth of water withdrawal (shaded box), amount of discharge at the time of the survey, and temperature profile in the forebay. ANNREP94 ' 26 Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- 40-45- 45-50- Q. 50-55- 27 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- r 10-15- 15-20- -20 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- + 40 40-45- •o 45-50- 5- Q. 50-55- O 55-60- 34 cms • 60 Q 60-65- 65-70 T 70-75- 75-80- •80 80-85- 85-90- 90-95- Feburary 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 28 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- -20 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- Id, 35-40- • 40 40-45- 45-50- •o 50-55- a. 55-60- 34 cms 60 0) 60-65- 65-70- a 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- 80 85-90- 90-95- March 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 29 Day Night 0-5- I / 5-10- 10-15- 3 15-20- • f 20 20-25- ' r-1 - 25-30- - i 30-35- 35-40- >:•• 1 40 40-45- - 45-50- i Q. 50-55- 0) 55-60- 37 cms 60 a 60-65- 65-70- 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- 85-90- . - 90-95- April 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0^ 20 40 60 80 100 -..•.» 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 30 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- tiacat rnmrnal 10-15- 15-20- 20 20-25- 25-30 - 30-35- 35-40- |. :•. .. :•• • 1 4-40 £ 40-45- 45-50- •o Q. 50-55- 3- 0) Q • 55-60- -60 ? 60-65- 65-70- • • 1 70-75- 75-80- 566 cms -80 80-85- 85-90- 90-95- May 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 31 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- fcF 40-45- 45-50- Q. 50-55- 55-60- 34 cms Q 60-65- 65-70- 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- 85-90- 90-95- June 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 32 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- 20 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- 40 £ 40-45- £ I 45-50- •o D. 50-55- 9 55-60 - 37 cms Q 60-65- 60 T 65-70- 70-75- 75-80 - 80-85- 80 85-90- 90-95- July 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 „ ^ . „ 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 33 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- 20-25- IKXXXXXXXXXXXXXXII -• 20 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- 40-45- •• 40 45-50- 50-55- 55-60- 37 cms 60-65- • 60 3 65-70- 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- " 80 85-90- 90-95- August 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 10 15 20 25 30 Percent of population . Discharge depth Temperature C 34 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- i 10-15- i 15-20 - 20-25- ^IWVWVVVVVVVVVI I 20 25-30- it 30-35- f 35-40 - f 40-45- - i 40 45-50- •4-1 50-55- D. CD 55-60- r 37 cms Q 60-65- 60 65-70- 70-75 - 75-80- 80-85- 80 85-90- 90-95- September 1994 95-100- * 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 25 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 35 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- liWWWWWWWt,l 20-25- 25-30- 30-35- 35-40- 40-45- 45-50- 50-55- Q. 55-60- 37 cms a 60-65- G5-70- 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- 85-90- 90-95- 95-100- October 1994 i I i 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 36 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- 15-20- 20-25- " 20 25-30- 30-35- mo 35-40 •a 40-45- t 40 45-50- 50-55- 55-60- 37 cms 60-65- •• 60 65-70- 70-75- 75-80- 80-85- - 80 85-90- 90-95- November 1994 95-100- 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 37 Day Night 0-5- 5-10- 10-15- — . | 15-20- I 20 20-25 - - 25-30- -7 30-35- J 35-40- 40-45- •j 40 45-50- Q. 50-55- 28 cms O 55-60- a 60-65- • 60 65-70- r 70-75- r — 75-80- r^ 80-85- — 80 85-90- December1994 9 0-95- - 95-100- i i i i i i i 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 15 20 Percent of population Discharge depth Temperature C 38 Submitted by: Approved by: Melo A. Maiolie IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME Principal Fisheries Research Biologist Steve El am Senior Fisheries Technician Steven M. Huffaker, ( Bureau of Fisheries Al Van Vooren Fishery Research Manager