Water Quality - Temperature

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Water Quality - Temperature Introduction WQ Operations Map Water quality is important for the health of aquatic species, including ESA-listed fish. The Agencies operate the Columbia River Basin dams to manage total dissolved gas Libby and Hungry Horse dams in (TDG) and temperatures in the rivers. The Agencies also monitor other water quality Montana, and Dworshak Dam in Idaho parameters such as nutrients, potassium, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and all have reservoirs that stratify and others. have selective withdrawal structures to release warmer or cooler water for Which Reservoirs Can Help Manage Temperatures? downstream temperature management. Temperature influences Some reservoirs stratify (warm water stays on top, while cold water sinks to the are strongest immediately downstream bottom). Water from these reservoirs can sometimes be used to help manage of the dam but lessen as this water temperature conditions for aquatic species downstream. Depending on the time of travels farther downstream. year, warmer or cooler water can be released to help manage downstream temperatures. Other reservoirs are isothermal (temperature is nearly the same from top to bottom). These reservoirs cannot be used for temperature management downstream. Changes in Reservoir Temperature Over Time Some reservoirs are stratified in the summer and isothermal in the fall and Dworshak Reservoir Franklin D. Roosevelt Reservoir (Grand Coulee Dam) winter, which can limit the Agencies’ ability to manage downstream temperatures. 1600 1290 Air 1574 Air 1280 Stratified Reservoir with Isothermal Reservoir 1549 1270 1524 SelecSelectivetive WithdrawalWithdrawal 1260 Selective Withdrawal Structure 1499 GateGate OperaOperationtion Range Range 1250 1474 1240 Warmer Sun warms upper Warmer 1449 1230 ) levels of the ) (ft (ft 1424 1220 on reservoir on Power Plant Intake Elevation ti ti 1399 1210 eva eva 1374 1200 El El rvoir Temperature rvoir Selective Withdrawal Temperature rvoir ese 1349 ese 1190 R Structure can pull water R 1324 1180 from different elevations 1299 1170 to mix temperatures 1249 1160 Third Power Plant Intake Elevation 1199 1150 1149 1100 Warm water 1099 1050 Left and Right Power Plant Intake Elevation Colder Colder from high in 1049 1000 n n n n Ja Ja Ja Ja -Jul -Jul -Jul -Jul -Jul -Jul -Jul -Oct -Apr -Apr -Apr -Apr - - - - -Jun -Jun -Jun -Jun -Jun -Jun -Nov -Dec -Feb -Feb -Mar -Mar -Mar -Feb -Mar -Aug -Aug -Sep -Sep -Aug -Aug -May -May the reservoir -May -May -May -May 01 15 03 09 17 24 31 16 15 04 17 28 10 17 31 15 01 15 05 12 19 26 15 15 14 21 04 13 27 15 15 01 15 01 15 06 14 15 01 Warm water 08 15 22 29 can mix with cold water from deep Dworshak Reservoir stratifies in the summer with warm and In an average year, the Columbia River flow at Grand Coulee in the cool water accessible through the dam’s selective withdrawal Dam is enough to fill the project approximately eight times. reservoir gates. Dworshak is used in the summer months to help cool With the high volume of water that flows through the reservoir, temperatures on the lower Snake River. the pool weakly stratifies. Grand Coulee Dam has two elevations from which to draw water into three power plants. At these elevations the temperatures are very similar throughout the year. In early summer the outflows from Grand Coulee Dam are typically cooler than the inflows to the reservoir near the border with Canada. Cold water.

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Draft Clearwater Assessment: 8. Fishery Resources
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