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Conservation Assessment for the Cypress-Knee Sedge (Carex Decomposita Muhl.) in Delaware

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Conservation Assessment for the Cypress-Knee Sedge (Carex Decomposita Muhl.) in Delaware ILLINOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007. CL(?) ConservationAssessment For the Cypress-knee Sedge (Carex decomposita Muhl.) 26 July 2006 Steven R. Hill, Ph.D. Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Wildlife and Plant Ecology 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, Illinois 61820 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Wildlife and Plant Ecology Technical Report 2006 (9) Cover photo: Carex decomposita Muhl., source: Robert H. Mohlenbrock @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1991. Southern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. South National Technical Center, Fort Worth, TX. http://plants.usda.gov/java/largelmage?imagelD=cade6 002 avp.tif This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Table of Contents Acknow ledgm ents...........................................................................................................................4 Executive Summ ary................................................................................................................... 5 N om enclature and Taxonom y.................................................................................................... 6 Description of the Species......................................................... .. .... ................................... 6 Habitat and Ecology................................................................................................................... 7 Distribution and Abundance........................................................................... ............................. 9 Protection Status........................................................................................................................... 11 Life History..............................................................................................................................13 Population Biology and V iability............................................................................................14 Potential Threats...................................................................................................................... 15 Research and M onitoring.........................................................................................................16 Restoration and M anagem ent...................................................................................... ......... 18 Sum mary........................................................................................... ............................... 19 References................................................................................................................................20 W ebsites Consulted.................................................................................. ...................................... 22 Contacts .................................................................................................................................... 23 Appendix 1. Representative specimens of Carex decomposita examined or cited in the Literature ..................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix 2. The distribution of Carex decomposita in the United States. Information from herbarium specim ens and the literature...................................................................27 Appendix 3. Natural Diversity Database Element Ranking System............................................. 29 ConservationAssessment for the Cypress-knee Sedge (Carex decompositaMuhl.) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the staffs of the United States Forest Service, Shawnee and Hoosier National Forests, for the opportunity to compile these conservation assessments and for their invaluable assistance with data and field opportunities. Beth Shimp and Steve Widowski have been particularly helpful in facilitating these cost share agreements. I would also like to thank the grants and contracts staff of the Illinois Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois, Champaign, for their assistance with logistics necessary to complete these reports. Margaret Wingard has been especially helpful. Several people assisted by contributing information on this rare sedge. Among these, Mike Homoya provided information on the plant in Indiana, Tony Reznicek provided several herbarium records, and George Yatskievych provided information on Missouri populations. Kanchi Gandhi assisted with a nomenclatural question. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Eastern Region, under Cost Share Award No. AG03-CS-11090804-024. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Eastern Region. ConservationAssessment for the Cypress-knee Sedge (Carex decomposita Muhl.) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Conservation Assessment is a review of the taxonomy, distribution, habitat, ecology, and status of the Cypress-knee Sedge, Carex decomposita Muhl., throughout the United States, and in the U.S.D.A. Forest Service lands, Eastern Region (Region 9), in particular. This document also serves to update knowledge about potential threats and conservation efforts regarding the Cypress-knee Sedge to date. The Cypress-knee Sedge is a tufted, sturdy, short-rhizomatous sedge that grows up to 120 cm tall. There is only the typical variety and it was found historically only in the United States, from New York and southern Michigan west to Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas and south to Florida. It grows mainly in warm humid swamp forests, often at the water line on the bases of trees or on stumps or floating logs, and usually in partial shade. The sedge is most typically found rooted on the bases of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) trunks in cypress swamps in the southeastern states. It reproduces normally by seed. Globally, its ranking is G3 (vulnerable world-wide). Cypress-knee Sedge is listed as Endangered in Illinois, Maryland, New York, and Ohio and it is generally considered to have been lost in Michigan and the District of Columbia, and it is possibly extirpated in New York. It is also listed as Threatened in Indiana and Kentucky. It was formerly included on the Watch List in Missouri. Carex decomposita has been included on the Regional Forester Sensitive Species list (RFSS) for the Eastern Region (Region 9) in all three national forests where it has been found, namely, the Shawnee National Forest (IL), the Mark Twain National Forest (MO), and the Finger Lakes National Forest (NY). It has not been included on the RFSS list for the Hoosier National Forest, where it has not been found. It is considered globally threatened in the forests because of its G3 ranking and because it was formerly considered for Federal listing as a Category 3C species. In addition to species listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), or species of Concern by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Forest Service lists species that are Sensitive within each region (RFSS). The National Forest Management Act and U.S. Forest Service policy require that National Forest System land be managed to maintain viable populations of all native plant and animal species. A viable population is one that has the estimated numbers and distribution of reproductive individuals to ensure the continued existence of the entity throughout its range within a given planning area. The objectives of this document are to: -Provide an overview of the current scientific knowledge on this species. -Provide a summary of the distribution and status on the species range-wide and within the Eastern Region of the Forest Service, in particular. -Provide the available background information needed to prepare a subsequent Conservation Approach. ConservationAssessment for the Cypress-knee Sedge (Carex decompositaMuhl.) NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY Scientific Name: Carex decomposita Muhl. (1817) Common Names: Cypress-knee Sedge; Cypressknee Sedge; Epiphytic Sedge; Log Sedge; Branched Sedge Synonymy: Carex paniculataL. var. decomposita (Muhl.) Dewey (1826) Class: Liliopsida (Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons) Family: Cyperaceae (The Sedge Family) Plants Code: CADE6 (USDA NRCS plant database, W-l) http://plants.usda.gov The sedge genus Carex contains about 480 species in North America north of Mexico, according to Ball and Reznicek (2002). The genus is one of the largest within the flowering plants with about 2,000 species worldwide. The species are widespread and most common in wet or moist, cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and few occur in tropical
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