Changes and Status of Mangrove Habitat in Ganges Delta: Case
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Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-Kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L
Western Washington University Western CEDAR A Collection of Open Access Books and Books and Monographs Monographs 2008 Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L. Curley Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Curley, David L., "Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal" (2008). A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs. 5. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Books and Monographs at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents Acknowledgements. 1. A Historian’s Introduction to Reading Mangal-Kabya. 2. Kings and Commerce on an Agrarian Frontier: Kalketu’s Story in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 3. Marriage, Honor, Agency, and Trials by Ordeal: Women’s Gender Roles in Candimangal. 4. ‘Tribute Exchange’ and the Liminality of Foreign Merchants in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 5. ‘Voluntary’ Relationships and Royal Gifts of Pan in Mughal Bengal. 6. Maharaja Krsnacandra, Hinduism and Kingship in the Contact Zone of Bengal. 7. Lost Meanings and New Stories: Candimangal after British Dominance. Index. Acknowledgements This collection of essays was made possible by the wonderful, multidisciplinary education in history and literature which I received at the University of Chicago. It is a pleasure to thank my living teachers, Herman Sinaiko, Ronald B. -
Dwelling in Loss Environment, Displacement and Memory in the Indian Ganges Delta
Dwelling in Loss Environment, Displacement and Memory in the Indian Ganges Delta Arne Harms Dwelling in Loss: Environment, Displacement and Memory in the Indian Ganges Delta Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Dr. phil. Vorgelegt am Fachbereich Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin von Arne Harms, M.A. Berlin, Dezember 2013 Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ute Luig Zweitgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Shalini Randeria Tag der Disputation: 10. Juli 2014 Memories are crafted by oblivion as the outlines of the shore are created by the sea. Marc Augé, Oblivion Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iv Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................ vi A Note on Transliteration ......................................................................................................... vii Glossary ................................................................................................................................... viii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Structure of the Thesis .......................................................................................................... -
Red Bengal's Rise and Fall
kheya bag RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL he ouster of West Bengal’s Communist government after 34 years in power is no less of a watershed for having been widely predicted. For more than a generation the Party had shaped the culture, economy and society of one of the most Tpopulous provinces in India—91 million strong—and won massive majorities in the state assembly in seven consecutive elections. West Bengal had also provided the bulk of the Communist Party of India– Marxist (cpm) deputies to India’s parliament, the Lok Sabha; in the mid-90s its Chief Minister, Jyoti Basu, had been spoken of as the pos- sible Prime Minister of a centre-left coalition. The cpm’s fall from power also therefore suggests a change in the equation of Indian politics at the national level. But this cannot simply be read as a shift to the right. West Bengal has seen a high degree of popular mobilization against the cpm’s Beijing-style land grabs over the past decade. Though her origins lie in the state’s deeply conservative Congress Party, the challenger Mamata Banerjee based her campaign on an appeal to those dispossessed and alienated by the cpm’s breakneck capitalist-development policies, not least the party’s notoriously brutal treatment of poor peasants at Singur and Nandigram, and was herself accused by the Communists of being soft on the Maoists. The changing of the guard at Writers’ Building, the seat of the state gov- ernment in Calcutta, therefore raises a series of questions. First, why West Bengal? That is, how is it that the cpm succeeded in establishing -
Slowly Down the Ganges March 6 – 19, 2018
Slowly Down the Ganges March 6 – 19, 2018 OVERVIEW The name Ganges conjures notions of India’s exoticism and mystery. Considered a living goddess in the Hindu religion, the Ganges is also the daily lifeblood that provides food, water, and transportation to millions who live along its banks. While small boats have plied the Ganges for millennia, new technologies and improvements to the river’s navigation mean it is now also possible to travel the length of this extraordinary river in considerable comfort. We have exclusively chartered the RV Bengal Ganga for this very special voyage. Based on a traditional 19th century British design, our ship blends beautifully with the timeless landscape. Over eight leisurely days and 650 kilometres, we will experience the vibrant, complex tapestry of diverse architectural expressions, historical narratives, religious beliefs, and fascinating cultural traditions that thrive along the banks of the Ganges. Daily presentations by our expert study leaders will add to our understanding of the soul of Indian civilization. We begin our journey in colourful Varanasi for a first look at the Ganges at one of its holiest places. And then by ship we explore the ancient Bengali temples, splendid garden-tombs, and vestiges of India’s rich colonial past and experience the enduring rituals of daily life along ‘Mother Ganga’. Our river journey concludes in Kolkatta (formerly Calcutta) to view the poignant reminders of past glories of the Raj. Conclude your trip with an immersion into the lush tropical landscapes of Tamil Nadu to visit grand temples, testaments to the great cultural opulence left behind by vanished ancient dynasties and take in the French colonial vibe of Pondicherry. -
The Conservation Action Plan the Ganges River Dolphin
THE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN 2010-2020 National Ganga River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Prepared by R. K. Sinha, S. Behera and B. C. Choudhary 2 MINISTER’S FOREWORD I am pleased to introduce the Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga river basin. The Gangetic Dolphin is one of the last three surviving river dolphin species and we have declared it India's National Aquatic Animal. Its conservation is crucial to the welfare of the Ganga river ecosystem. Just as the Tiger represents the health of the forest and the Snow Leopard represents the health of the mountainous regions, the presence of the Dolphin in a river system signals its good health and biodiversity. This Plan has several important features that will ensure the existence of healthy populations of the Gangetic dolphin in the Ganga river system. First, this action plan proposes a set of detailed surveys to assess the population of the dolphin and the threats it faces. Second, immediate actions for dolphin conservation, such as the creation of protected areas and the restoration of degraded ecosystems, are detailed. Third, community involvement and the mitigation of human-dolphin conflict are proposed as methods that will ensure the long-term survival of the dolphin in the rivers of India. This Action Plan will aid in their conservation and reduce the threats that the Ganges river dolphin faces today. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. R. K. Sinha , Dr. S. K. Behera and Dr. -
Khulna Division 11 Nov 2019
Tour | Adventure | Nature | Food BEAUTIFUL Khulna About Bangladesh Bangladesh, country of south-cen- tral Asia, located in the delta of the Padma (Ganges [Ganga]) and Ja- muna (Brahmaputra) rivers in the northeastern part of the Indian sub- continent. The riverine country of Bangladesh (“Land of the Bengals”) is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, and its people are predominantly Muslim. With the partition of India in 1947, it became the Pakistani province of East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan), one of five provinces of Pakistan, sepa- rated from the other four by 1,100 miles (1,800 km) of Indian territory. In 1971 it became the independent country of Bangladesh, with its capi- tal at Dhaka. 2 Table of contents About Bangladesh 2 Sundarban 4 Sixty Dome Mosque 10 The Shrine of Lalon Fakir 14 Shilaidaha Kuthibari 17 3 Sundarban KOIRA, KHULNA. The Sundarbans, which means ‘Beautiful Forest’, is the largest littoral mangrove belt in the world and an UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a bewitching empire of greenery stretching 80km (50mi) into the Bangladeshi hinterland from the coast. You will be amazed to know about the mesmerizing diversified biodiversity of this mighty forest. 4 SUNDARBAN 5 SUNDARBAN 6 SUNDARBAN 7 SUNDARBAN 8 SUNDARBAN 9 Sixty Dome Mosque BAGERHAT, KHULNA. Sixty Dome Mosque is one of the largest Sultanate mosque in Bangladesh and impressive Muslim Monument in Indian subcontinent. It is a UNESCO World Her- itage Site and the most archaeological and historical mosque in Bangladesh. 10 SIXTY DOME MOSQUE 11 SIXTY DOME MOSQUE 12 SIXTY DOME MOSQUE 13 The Shrine of Lalon Fakir KUSHTIA, KHULNA. -
The Hooghly River a Sacred and Secular Waterway
Water and Asia The Hooghly River A Sacred and Secular Waterway By Robert Ivermee (Above) Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata, on the (Left) Detail from The Descent of the Ganga, life-size carved eastern bank of the Hooghly River. Source: Wikimedia Commons, rock relief at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Source: by Asis K. Chatt, at https://tinyurl.com/y9e87l6u. Wikimedia Commons, by Ssriram mt, at https://tinyurl.com/y8jspxmp. he Hooghly weaves through the Indi- Hooghly was venerated as the Ganges’s original an state of West Bengal from the Gan- and most sacred route. Its alternative name— ges, its parent river, to the sea. At just the Bhagirathi—evokes its divine origin and the T460 kilometers (approximately 286 miles), its earthly ruler responsible for its descent. Hindus length is modest in comparison with great from across India established temples on the Asian rivers like the Yangtze in China or the river’s banks, often at its confluence with oth- Ganges itself. Nevertheless, through history, er waterways, and used the river water in their the Hooghly has been a waterway of tremen- ceremonies. Many of the temples became fa- dous sacred and secular significance. mous pilgrimage sites. Until the seventeenth century, when the From prehistoric times, the Hooghly at- main course of the Ganges shifted decisively tracted people for secular as well as sacred eastward, the Hooghly was the major channel reasons. The lands on both sides of the river through which the Ganges entered the Bay of were extremely fertile. Archaeological evi- Bengal. From its source in the high Himalayas, dence confirms that rice farming communi- the Ganges flowed in a broadly southeasterly ties, probably from the Himalayas and Indian direction across the Indian plains before de- The Hooghly was venerated plains, first settled there some 3,000 years ago. -
Past Management History of Mangrove Forests Of
Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 19 : 24 – 31, 2013 PAST MANAGEMENT HISTORY OF MANGROVE FORESTS OF SUNDARBANS Prasanta Kumar Pandit Conservator of Forests Administration, Publicity and Marketing, WB Aranya Bhaban, Block-LA-10A, Sector-III, Salt Lake City Kolkata, West Bengal, India E mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT Sundarban has a long history of management and conservation starting from Mauryan period (321-226 BC). During Gupta dynasty (320-415 AD) it was well managed. In Munhall period (1575-1765 AD) Sundarban was mainly managed for revenue generation.First survey of Sundarban was carried out by Britishers in between period 1769-1773. Britishers allowed clearance of forest until 1855 before the enactment of Forest Act. First management plan Sundarban was written in the year 1871 in which regulation on harvesting of Sundari (Heritiera fomes) was prescribed. Some part of Sundarban was declared as reserve forest in the year 1878.Initially forest of Sundarban was thought to be an inexhaustible resource but gradually thought it was not to be so. So different management plan recommended restriction and regulation on use of forest based resources. After 1878 different management plan was written before and after Independence of India with various recommendations for better management and protection of unique biodiversity of Sundarbans. Out of total area (10,260 sq km) approximately 40% area falls under India rest of the part belongs to Bangladesh after independence of India. Owing to global importance of Indian Sundarban it was declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1985 and Biosphere Reserve in the year 1989. -
Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946
Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946 By Janam Mukherjee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) In the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Barbara D. Metcalf, Chair Emeritus Professor David W. Cohen Associate Professor Stuart Kirsch Associate Professor Christi Merrill 1 "Unknown to me the wounds of the famine of 1943, the barbarities of war, the horror of the communal riots of 1946 were impinging on my style and engraving themselves on it, till there came a time when whatever I did, whether it was chiseling a piece of wood, or burning metal with acid to create a gaping hole, or cutting and tearing with no premeditated design, it would throw up innumerable wounds, bodying forth a single theme - the figures of the deprived, the destitute and the abandoned converging on us from all directions. The first chalk marks of famine that had passed from the fingers to engrave themselves on the heart persist indelibly." 2 Somnath Hore 1 Somnath Hore. "The Holocaust." Sculpture. Indian Writing, October 3, 2006. Web (http://indianwriting.blogsome.com/2006/10/03/somnath-hore/) accessed 04/19/2011. 2 Quoted in N. Sarkar, p. 32 © Janam S. Mukherjee 2011 To my father ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my father, Dr. Kalinath Mukherjee, without whom this work would not have been written. This project began, in fact, as a collaborative effort, which is how it also comes to conclusion. His always gentle, thoughtful and brilliant spirit has been guiding this work since his death in May of 2002 - and this is still our work. -
The River Ganges Where Is It?
The River Ganges Where is it? • The river Ganges starts high up in the Himalayan mountains and flows through the northern part of India and into the Bay of Bengal. How big is it? • The river is 2,510 km long from its source to the sea. • Its average depth is about 16m, but at its deepest it is 30m deep. • At its widest it is 350km. Why is it special? The river Ganges is special for two main reasons. •Firstly because it provides India with an important and much needed water. •Secondly, the river plays an important part in the believes and everyday life of the Hindu population in India The river in daily life • The land around the river and water from the river itself is used for farming. • There are lots of industries along the river that use it for power and cleaning. • Ordinary people who live by the river use it to bathe in, wash their clothes in and for drinking water. Over 10 million people bathe in the river every day. River Ganga The River Ganga runs through the holy city of Varanasi in India • Hindu legend has it that the Goddess Ganga had the power to purify anything that touched her and she flowed from the heavens and purified the people of India. Hindu’s belief that bathing in the river Ganga purifies them and their sins are forgiven. Hinduism and the river • The river is very important in Hinduism, they see the river as a goddess. • Hindu’s believe that bathing in the river helps to cleanse the soul- people are baptised in the river and the ashes of people who have died are poured into the river. -
Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Nepal—An Overview
Water 2011, 3, 1-20; doi:10.3390/w3010001 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Review Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Nepal—An Overview Jay Krishna Thakur 1,2,*, Rinku Kumari Thakur 2, AL Ramanathan 3, Manish Kumar 4 and Sudhir Kumar Singh 5 1 Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Hengelosestraat 99, 7514 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands 2 Health and Environmental Management Society, Barhari Bazar, Bengadabur-6, Dhanush, Nepal; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Schools of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi -110067, India; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Departments of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Allahabad, Katra, Allahabad-211001, India; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]; Mob.: +49-17645387019. Received: 26 November 2010; / Accepted: 23 December 2010 / Published: 29 December 2010 Abstract: In Nepal, arsenic (As) contamination is a major issue of current drinking water supply systems using groundwater and has recently been one of the major environmental health management issues especially in the plain region, i.e., in the Terai districts, where the population density is very high. The Terai inhabitants still use hand tube and dug wells (with hand held pumps that are bored at shallow to medium depth) for their daily water requirements, including drinking water. The National Sanitation Steering Committee (NSSC), with the help of many other organizations, has completed arsenic blanket test in 25 districts of Nepal by analysing 737,009 groundwater samples. -
The Sundarbans Society and Culture from Amitav Ghosh's the Hungry Tide
Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 The Sundarbans Society and Culture from Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide V.VEDIYAPPAN PhD Research Scholar Thiruvalluvar University Serkkadu, Vellore- 632115. Tamil Nadu Abstract: The novel The Hungry Tide offers profound social expressions and through these the novelist investigates the progressions that have come and are coming into society. Ghosh being an anthropologist uncovers the syncretist culture that existed and still exists in India by delving into revere designs that shows social absorptions prompting a sort of solidarity of social ethos. This is being smothered or tossed out of spotlight by a developing society of savagery against ethnic gatherings over the country. The novel likewise has various key women characters who offer voice to a positive feminist build which is a genuine impression of the progressions occurring in the general public. Nilima, Piyali, kusum and Moyna are a piece of a feminist cultural build through which Ghosh makes significant statements. The women introduced in The Hungry Tide are strong women for whom articulating their standards and trying them is a triumph that has been won. Projection of search sort of feminist culture is additionally a genuine picture of the changing qualities saw in the nation and right now gives a decent knowledge into the cultural changes occurring in the society and the cultural effect of such kind of women. Keywords : Society, Culture, Life, and Nature. Great literature is said to show specialty and masterful and has the ability to bring up issues, give new perspectives, and grow the comprehension of self and the world, stimulate and imagination and renew the spirit.