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Winter Avifaunal Diversity from Buxa Tiger Reserve Asikbeel Wetland Complex of Northern Part of West Bengal, India

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Winter Avifaunal Diversity from Buxa Tiger Reserve Asikbeel Wetland Complex of Northern Part of West Bengal, India AdhuryaOur Nature et al.│December/ Our Nature 2016│14(2016), 14(1):(1):3939-46-46 ISSN: 1991-2951 (Print) Our Nature ISSN: 2091-2781 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/ON Early winter avifaunal diversity from Buxa Tiger Reserve and Rasikbeel Wetland Complex of northern part of West Bengal, India Sagar Adhurya, Moitreyee Banerjee, Achintya Kumar Pal and Utpal Singha Roy* Department of Zoology, Durgapur Government College, JN Avenue, Durgapur- 713214, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present study was carried out to record the avifaunal diversity and abundance in and around Buxa Tiger Reserve (Raja Bhat Khawa, Buxa Fort, Raimatang and Jayanti) and Rasikbeel Wetland Complex, situated at the northern part of West Bengal, India during 19th – 22nd November, 2013. A total of 60 bird species belonging to 31 families were identified during four days of study period of which 8 were winter migrants, one was summer migrant and rest were resident. Anthropogenic interventions have altered much of the natural habitat of the present study location; however, a healthy avifaunal diversity was recorded during the present study. More intensive investigations will cer- tainly enrich our knowledge of avian diversity and distribution pattern from the present study location leading to the proper conservation of this important bird area. Key words: Avifauna, Biodiversity, Habitat heterogeneity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16439 Manuscript details: Received: 11.04.2015 / Accepted: 21.03.2016 Citation: Adhurya, S., M. Banerjee, A.K. Pal and U.S. Roy 2016. Early winter avifaunal diversity from Buxa Tiger Re- serve and Rasikbeel Wetland Complex of northern part of West Bengal, India. Our Nature 14(1): 39-46. DOI: http://dx. doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16439 Copyright: © Adhurya et al. 2016. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Introduction throughout the world and consequently re- Bird diversity study acts as an intrinsic tool duced overall avifaunal diversity (Rapo- to monitor habitat types both qualitatively port, 1993). Moreover, changes in climatic and quantitatively (Bilgrami, 1995). Anth- conditions in recent decades have been un- ropogenic interventions have incessantly animously reported to influence bird diver- altered and destroyed natural habitat sity most negatively (Sekercioglu et al., 39 Adhurya et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 39-46 2012). India with 88 threatened bird species is presently ranked at seventh position in the IUCN Red List of endangered birds (BirdLife International, 2010). The northern part of West Bengal comprises a number of sanctuaries, national parks, reserve forests and wetlands support- ing enormous biodiversity (Islam and Rah- mani, 2004). Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) (National Park) and Rasikbeel Wetland Complex (RBWC) are two such most im- Figure 2. Map (without scale) of Rasikbeel Wetland portant areas that harbour large numbers of Complex. local and migratory birds (Islam and Rah- mani, 2004). However, escalating threat Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), in the from anthropogenic activities especially Alipurduar Sub–Division of Jalpaiguri Dis- th tourism pressure has altered much of the trict was setup as the 15 Tiger Reserve in natural habitat of the present study location. the country in 1983 at the northeastern cor- Thus it was most imperative to prepare a ner of West Bengal bordering Bhutan and checklist of birds of these regions that are Assam. The present studies were conducted subjected to various degrees of pressures at or near Raja Bhat Khawa, Buxa Fort, from human disturbances. Raimatang and Jayanti of BTR. The area of the BTR encompasses 760.87 Km2 having a sanctuary of 269 km2 and a National Park Materials and methods 2 The present study was conducted in two of 117.01 km of pristine forests and is si- different habitat types Buxa Tiger Reserve tuated in the transition zone between Bi- (26°39′N, 89°34′48′′E) and Rasikbeel Wet- ome-8 (Sino-Himalayan Subtropical Forest) land Complex (26°21′N, 89°40′E) located and Biome-12 (Indo-Gangetic Plain) (Islam in the northern part of West Bengal (Figs. and Rahmani, 2004). This reserve has dis- 1-2). tinct habitat division into zones like Tarai (transitional zone between forest belt and cultivated plains characterized by the pres- ence of reeds and grasses), Bhabar (narrow forest belt characterized with complete ab- sence of water sources) and hilly landscape mounts with an altitude of 1800 m and is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and rivu- lets. IBA site code of this region is IN-WB- 01 with A1 and A2 criteria. Fraction of this IBA also falls within the Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (EBA 130) which con- Figure 1. Map (without scale) of District Jalpaiguri showing Buxa Tiger Reserve, National Park and sists of 21 restricted range species (Statters- Wildlife Sanctuary Areas. field et al., 1998). According to Champion and Seth (1968) BTR has eight Sub–types. 40 Adhurya et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 39-46 The main floral and faunal composition of meandering of Raidak, Sakobhanga and this forest are trees like Sal (Shorea robus- Ghoramara River. The floral composition ta), Gamar (Gmelian arborea), Simul of Rasikbeel includes Sal (Shorea robusta), (Bombax sp.) and Chikrasi (Chukrasia ta- Teak (Tectona grandis), Gammar (Gmelina bularis) and animals like Asian Elephant arborea), Khair (Bauhinia purpurea), Ar- (Elephas maximus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), jun (Terminalia arjuna), Simul (Bombax Gaur (Bos gaurus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa) sp.) etc. along with a number of wetland and Sambar (Cervus unicolor). This IBA plants. The faunal diversity recorded from supports handsome avifaunal diversity. this area comprises 13 species of mammals, Wildlife Institute of India, Deharadun re- 165 birds, 7 reptiles, 5 amphibians, 49 fish- ported 523 bird species from this site. Inglis es, 3 molluscs and more than 15 species of et al. (1918-1920) summarized the verte- butterflies. Rasikbeel also hosts a rescue brates list from Jalpaiguri District. Stevens center for Leopard (Panthera pardus), Py- (1923-1925) recorded a number of new thon (Python sp.), Gharial (Gavialis gange- species from Raidak River while Inglis ticus), Spotted Deer (Axis axis), tortoise, (1952-1969) has given details of some birds and small rodents recognized by cen- avian species from Buxa area. Law (1953) tral zoo authority. and Sanyal (1995) each have recorded one Birds were counted following the new bird species from Buxa area. Allen et point count method (Sutherland, 2006). al. (1996) have recorded 227 birds from Distances were recorded in terms of con- BTR while Prakash et al. (2001) have dealt centric zones around the point (eg. 30 m, 50 with the role of avifauna as indicator spe- m, 100 m) up to the visible limit. Bird den- cies from BTR. Sivakumar and Prakash sity was calculated following formula: Ď = 2 (2004) have recorded waterbirds within (n1 + n2 /π r m) loge (n1 + n2/n2) [where, r = BTR while Sivakumar et al. (2006) have radius of concentric zone from the point of reported 22 new bird species from BTR. observation (30 m and 50 m); n1 = number Roy et al. (2012) have reported 68 bird of birds counted within r; n2 = number of species from this forest area. birds counted beyond r; m = number of rep- Rasikbeel Wetland Complex licate counts (6 in this case)]. Strategic (RBWC) is the largest wetland complex in point counts were conducted during the first Coochbehar district of West Bengal cover- two hours after sunrise (0600–0800 hr), ing around 18.40 Km2 of area of which during noon (1100-1300 hr) and in the wetland occupies almost 1.78 Km2 areas. evening (1600–1800 hr) between the 19th According to The Ministry of Environment November and 22nd November 2013 from and Forests (MoEF), Government of India the two study location. Six replicate point Rasikbeel is among the 94 identified wet- readings (at least 200 m apart for conti- lands of national importance, many of nuous 10 minutes) were recorded during the which are protected areas (NWCP, 2009). two hours of survey in the morning, during The vast wetland complex comprises varia- noon and in the evening and were summed ble sized water bodies namely, Rasikbeel, up for the cumulative value. Sampling was Nildoba Beel, Raichangmari Beel, Bocha- done for two continuous days before mov- mari Beel and some others. The nature of ing to the next study location. The birds the beels is of oxbow lake and formed by were identified using Olympus 8x40 DPS I 41 Adhurya et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 39-46 binoculars and field guides of Grewal et al. 2011). Short span biodiversity surveys are (2002), Kazmierczak and Perlo (2000), gaining importance nowadays and rapid Grimmett et al. (2011) and Ali (2012). checklist are prepared (Chakravarthy and Sridhar, 1995; Roy et al., 2011). Results and discussion The present study recorded 60 spe- During the short span of the present study cies of birds from the two regions surveyed 60 species of bird belonging to 31 families on a short span. A previous record from were recorded. Of these, 45 bird species these two regions depicted 68 species from were recorded from BTR and 37 were rec- BTR and 75 from RBWC itself (Roy et al., orded form Rasikbeel Wetland Complex. 2012). Allen et al. (1996) have recorded Both the study sites had 23 bird species in about 227 species of bird from the entire common. 8 winter migrants were found range of BTR while Sivakumar et al. from the RBWC during the study period, of (2006) have recorded 284 bird species dur- which Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javani- ing their study period. Considering the cus) is considered vulnerable under IUCN short study span in the present investigation threatened category version 3.1 (BirdLife it was obvious that less bird diversity was International, 2013).
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